Coxibs and their aftermath: An (opinionated) commentary, based on some historical viewpoints

Inflammopharmacology

Volumn 13, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 403-417

  Whitehouse, M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

Alternative remedies; Aspirin; Coxibs; Homeostasis resoleomics; Pentoxifylline; Salicylates

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR; DICLOFENAC; DIFLUNISAL; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PENTOXIFYLLINE; PROSTAGLANDIN; SALSALATE;

ANALGESIC ACTIVITY; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG MARKETING; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG MONITORING; DRUG SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM; GASTROINTESTINAL TOXICITY; GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE; HARM REDUCTION; HUMAN; PATENT; PLEIOTROPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITION; REVIEW; RISK REDUCTION; STOMACH PROTECTION;

ANIMALS; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITORS; HUMANS; PAIN; PATENTS; PROSTAGLANDIN ANTAGONISTS; PROSTAGLANDINS;

EID: 27744513814     PISSN: 09254692     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/156856005774415600     Document Type: Review

References (58)

1. Ananya, J.-M. and Espinoza, L. R. (1995). Editorial: Phosphodiesterase inhibitor Pentoxifylline: an anti-inflammatory drug potentially useful in some rheumatic diseases, J. Rheumatol. 22, 595-599.
2. Arrigoni-Martelli, E. (1977). In: Inflammation and Anti-inflammatories, pp. 48-50. Spectrum, New York, NY.
3. 2 on adjuvant arthritis, Nature 224, 1320-1321.
4. Biegert, D., Wagner, I., Ludtke, R., et al. (2004). Efficacy and safety of willow bark extract in the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: results of 2 randomised double-blind controlled trials, J. Rheumatol. 31, 2121-2130.
5. Braben, D. W. (2004). Pioneering Research: A Risk Worth Taking. Wiley, New York, NY.
6. Braun, L. and Cohen, M. (2004). Herbs and Natural Supplements: An Evidence-based Guide. Elsevier Mosby, Sydney.
7. 2, J. Biol. Chem. 274, 11660-11666.
8. Brogden, R. N., Heel, R. C., Pakes, G. E., et al. (1980). Diflunisal, Drugs 19, 84-106.
9. Brune, K. and Hinz, B. (2004). Review. The discovery and development of anti-inflammatory drugs, Arthritis Rheum. 50, 2391-2399.
10. Buchanan, W. W. and Kean, W. F. (2002). The treatment of acute rheumatism by salicin by T.J. Maclagan - The Lancet, 1876, J. Rheumatol. 29, 1321-1323.
11. Butters, D. E. and Whitehouse, M. W. (2002). Treating inflammation: some (needless) difficulties for gaining acceptance of effective natural products and traditional medicines, Inflammopharmacology 11, 97-110.
12. Cleland, L. G., James, M. J., Stamp, L. K., et al. (2001). Viewpoint: COX-2 inhibition and thrombotic tendency: a need for surveillance, Med. J. Austr. 175, 214-217.
13. Der Marderosian, A. and Beutler, J. A. (2002). The Review of Natural Products, 3rd edn. Facts and Comparisons, St. Louis, MO.
14. Fitzgerald, G. A., Oates, J. A., Hanniger, J., et al. (1983). Endogenous synthesis of prostacyclin and thromboxane and platelet function during chronic administration of aspirin in man, J. Clin. Invest. 71, 676-688.
15. Fitzgerald, G. A. and Patrono, C. (2001). The coxibs, selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2, N. Engl. J. Med. 345, 433-442.
16. Fitzpatrick, F. A. (2004). Cyclooxygenase enzymes: regulation and function, Curr. Pharm. Design 10, 577-588.
17. Flower, R. J. (2003). The development of COX-2 inhibitors, Nature Rev. Drug Discov. 2, 179-191.
18. Giercksky, K.-E. (2001). COX-2 inhibitors and prevention of cancer, Best Prac. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 15, 821-833.
19. Gilroy, D. W., Colville-Nash, P. R., Willis, D., et al. (1999). Inducible cyclooxygenase may have anti-inflammatory properties, Nature Med. 5, 698-701.
20. Graham, D. Y., Agrawal, N. M. and Roth, S. H. (1988). Prevention of NSAID-induced gastric ulcer with misoprostol: multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Lancet ii, 1277-1280.
21. Griggs, B. (1997). In: Green Pharmacy. The History and Evolution of Western herbal medicine, 2nd edn., pp. 147-148. Healing Arts Press, Rochester, VT.
22. Hinz, B. and Brune, K. (2002). Perspectives in pharmacology: cyclooxygenase-2 10 years later, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 300, 367-375.
23. 1 physiological significance and clinical use, Wiener Clin. Wochenschr. 100, 471-477.
24. Horrobin, D. F. (1990). Omega-6 Essential Fatty Acids. Pathophysiology and Roles in Clinical Medicine. Wiley Liss, New York, NY.
25. Hoult, J. R. and Moore, P. K. (1978). Sulphasalazine is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin 15-hydroxydehydrogenase: possible basis for therapeutic action in ulcerative colitis, Br. J. Pharmacol. 64, 6-8.
26. James, M. J., Walsh, J. A. and Foreman, R. K. (1987). Effect of 50 mg enteric-coated aspirin (Astrix) on thromboxane and prostacyclin synthesis, Austr. N.Z. J. Surg. 57, 763-766.
27. 1 analog, Misoprostol, J. Rheumatol. 18, 1461-1465.
28. Kojda, G. (2004). Editorial. Direct vasoprotection by aspirin: a significant bonus to antiplatelet activity?, Cardiovasc. Res. 64, 192-194.
29. Lewis, C. S. (1940). The Problem of Pain. Geoffrey Bles, London.
30. Manku, M., Glen, I., McGoldrick, S., et al (2003). Dr. David F. Horrobin, Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 69, 1-26.
31. Marnett, L. J. and Kalgutkar, A. S. (1999). Cyclooxygenase inhibitors: discovery, selective activity and the future, Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 20, 465-469.
32. Mbvundula, E. C., Rainsford, K. D. and Bunning, R. A. D. (2004). Cannabinoids in pain and inflammation, Inflammopharmacology 12, 99-114.
33. McAdam, B. F., Catella-Lawson, F., Mardini, I. A., et al. (1999). Systemic biosynthesis of prostacyclin by cyclooxygenase-2: the human pharmacology of a selective inhibitor of COX-2, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 272-277.
34. McAlindon, T. E. (2003). Why are clinical trials of glucosamine no longer uniformly positive?, Rheum. Dis. North Am. 29, 789-801.
35. Mills, S. and Bone, K. (2000). Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy: Modern Herbal Medicine. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.
36. Morteau, O. (1999). COX-2: promoting tolerance, Nature Med. 5, 867-868.
37. Penglis, P. S., James, M. J. and Cleland, L. G. (2001). Review. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors: any reservations? Intern. Med. J. 31, 37-41.
38. Peskar, B. M. (1980). Effect of carbenoxolone on prostaglandin synthesising and metabolising enzymes and correlation with gastric mucosal carbenoxolone concentrations, Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 65 (Suppl.), 109-114.
39. Rainsford, K. D. (2004). Aspirin and Related Drugs. Taylor and Francis, London.
40. Robert, A., Nezamis, J. E., Lancaster, C., et al. (1979). Cytoprotection by prostaglandins in rats: prevention of gastric necrosis produced by alcohol, HCl, NaOH, hypertonic NaCl, and thermal injury, Gastroenterology 77, 433-443.
41. Roberts, M. S., Joyce, R. M., McLeod, L. J., et al. (1986). Slow release aspirin and prostaglandin inhibition, Lancet i, 1153-1154.
42. Roth, G. J. and Calverley, D. C. (1994). Review: Aspirin, platelets and thrombosis: theory and practise, Blood 83, 885-898.
43. Serhan, C. N. and Chiang, N. (2004). Novel endogenous small molecules as the checkpoint controllers in inflammation and resolution: entrée for resoleomics, Rheum. Dis. Clin. N. Am. 30, 69-95.
44. Stein, J. (2004). David Horrobin (1939-2003): a memoir, Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 70, 339-343.
45. Strieter, R. M. Remick, D. G., Ward, P. A., et al. (1988). Cellular and molecular regulation of TNF-alpha production by pentoxifylline, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 155, 1230-1236.
46. Swingle, K. F. (1974). Evaluation for anti-inflammatory activity, in: Anti-inflammatory Agents, Vol. II, Scherrer, R. A. and Whitehouse, M. W. (Eds), pp. 33-122. Academic Press, New York, NY.
47. Tramer, M. R. (2000). Aspirin, like all other drugs, is a poison, Br. Med. J. 321, 1170-1171.
48. Vale M. L., Benevides V. M., Sachs D., et al. (2004). Antihyperalgesic effect of pentoxifylline on experimental inflammatory pain, Br. J. Pharmacol. 143, 833-844.
49. Vane, J. R. (1993). Adventures and excursions in bioassay: the stepping stones to prostacyclin, in: Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 1981-1990, Fransmyr, T. and Lindsten, J. (Eds). World Scientific, Singapore.
50. Warner, T. D. and Mitchell, J. A. (2003). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibiting prostanoid efflux: as easy as ABC?, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 9108-9110.
51. Weeks, J. R. (1972). Prostaglandins, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. 12, 317-336.
52. Weissmann, G. (1993). Prostaglandins as modulators rather than mediators of inflammation, J. Lipid Mediat. 6, 275-286.
53. Whitehouse, M. W. (2005). Prostanoids as friends, not foes: further evidence from the interference by cyclooxygenase-inhibitory drugs when inducing tolerance to experimental arthritigens in rats, Inflammopharmacology 13 (in press).
54. Whitehouse, M. W. and Butters, D. E. (1999). Non-NSAID over-the-counter (OTC) remedies for arthritis: good, bad or indifferent?, Inflammopharmacology 7, 227-247.
55. Whitehouse, M. W. and Butters, D. E. (2003). Combination anti-inflammatory therapy: synergism in rats of NSAIDS/corticosteroids with some herbal/animal products, Inflammopharmacology 11, 453-464.
56. Whitehouse, M. W. and Rainsford, K. D. (1982). A comparison of gastric ulcerogenic activities of different salicylates, in: CRC Handbook: Drugs and Peptic Ulcer, Vol. II, Pfeiffer, C. J. (Ed.), pp. 127-142. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
57. Whitehouse, M. W. and Vernon-Roberts, B. (1991). Conditional pharmacology: expression of anti-inflammatory activity may require pre-existent inflammatory mediators and/or hormones, Inflammopharmacology 1, 61-68.
58. Willoughby, D. A. (1968). Effects of prostaglandins PGF2a and PGE1 on vascular permeability, J. Pathol. Bacteriol. 96, 381-387.