A spatial analysis of commercial ecotourism businesses in New Zealand: A c 1999 benchmarking exercise using GIS

Tourism Geographies

Volumn 7, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 373-388

  Dickey, Angela ^a   Higham, James E S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Benchmark; Ecotourism; Marine; New Zealand; Regions; Spatial

Indexed keywords

ECOTOURISM; GIS; SPATIAL ANALYSIS; TOURISM DEVELOPMENT;

AUSTRALASIA; NEW ZEALAND;

EID: 27744472230     PISSN: 14616688     EISSN: 14701340     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14616680500291170     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Bahaire, T. & Elliot-White, M. (1999) The Application of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in Sustainable Tourism Planning: A Review, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 7(2), pp. 159-174.
2. Boyd, S. W. & Butler, R. W. (1996) Seeing the Forest Through the Trees, in: L. C. Harrison & W. Husbands (Eds) Practicing Responsible Tourism: International Case Studies in Tourism Planning, Policy and Development, pp. 380-403 (Canada: John Wiley & Sons, Inc).
3. Collier, A. (1991) Principles of Tourism: A New Zealand Perspective, 2nd edn (Auckland: Pitman).
4. Cook, R. A., Yale, L. J. & Marqua, J. J. (1999) Tourism: The Business of Travel (New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc).
5. Dickey, A. (2005) The development of commercial ecotourism in New Zealand: A longitudinal analysis (1999-2004), Masters of Tourism thesis, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
6. Dietvorst, A. G. J. (1995) Tourist behaviour and the importance of time-space analysis, in: G. J. Ashworth & A. G. I. Dietvorst (Eds) Tourism and Spatial Transformations: Implications for Policy & Planning, pp. 163-181 (Oxon, UK: CAB International).
7. Dowling, R. K. (2001a) Oceania (Australia, New Zealand and South Pacific), in: D. B. Weaver (Ed.) The Encyclopedia of Ecotourism, pp. 139-154 (Wallingford: CABI Publishing).
8. Dowling, R. K. (2001b) Environmental Tourism, in: N. Douglas, N. Douglas & R. Derrett (Eds) Special Interest Tourism, pp. 283-305 (Brisbane: John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd).
9. Dowling, R. K. (2002) Conference Report (Australian Ecotourism Conference, 2001), Journal of Ecotourism, 1(1), pp. 81-84.
10. Edwards, S. N., McLaughlin, W. J. & Ham, S. H. (2000). Comparative study of ecotourism policy in the Americas - 1998 (volume 1). University of Idaho and the Organization of American States, http://www.oas.org/ tourism/VIIIEPS.pdf (accessed 1 July 2005).
11. Fasari, Y. & Prastacos, P. (2002) GIS Contribution for the Evaluation and Planning of Tourism: A Sustainable Tourism Perspective (Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas & Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics), available at: www.iacm.forth.gr/regional/ papers/HellasGI-Thess.pdf (accessed 20 March 2003).
12. Fennell, D. A. (2001a) Anglo-America, in: D. B. Weaver (Ed.) The Encyclopedia of Ecotourism, pp. 107-122 (Wallingford: CABI Publishing).
13. Fennell, D. A. (2001b) Areas and Needs in Ecotourism Research, in: D. B. Weaver (Ed.) The Encyclopedia of Ecotourism, pp. 639-653 (Wallingford: CABI Publishing).
14. Fennell, D. A., Buckley, R. & Weaver, D. B. (2001) Policy and Planning, in: D. B. Weaver (Ed.) The Encyclopedia of Ecotourism, pp. 463-477 (Wallingford: CABI Publishing).
15. Fennell, D. A. & Dowling, R. K. (Eds) (2003) Ecotourism Policy and Planning (Wallingford: CABI Publishing).
16. Garrod, B. & Wilson, J. C. (Eds) (2003) Marine Ecotourism: Issues and Experiences (Clevedon: Channel View Publications).
17. Hall, C. M. (2001) Trends in Ocean and Coastal Tourism: the end of the last frontier?, Ocean and Coastal Management, 44(9-10), pp. 601-618.
18. Hall, C. M. & Kearsley, G. (2001) Tourism in New Zealand: An Introduction (Melbourne: Oxford University Press).
19. Halpenny, E. A. (2001) Islands and Coasts, in: D. B. Weaver (Ed.) The Encyclopedia of Ecotourism, pp. 235-250 (Wallingford: CABI Publishing).
20. Hawkins, D. E. & Lamoureux, K. (2001) Global Growth and Magnitude of Ecotourism, in: D. B. Weaver (Ed.) The Encyclopedia of Ecotourism, pp. 63-72 (Wallingford: CABI Publishing).
21. Higgins, B. R. (2001) Tour Operators, in: D. B. Weaver (Ed.) The Encyclopedia of Ecotourism, pp. 535-548 (Wallingford: CABI Publishing).
22. Higham, J. E. S. & Carr, A. M. (2003) Defining Ecotourism in New Zealand: Differentiating between the defining parameters within a national/regional context, Journal of Ecotourism, 2(1), pp. 1-16.
23. Higham, J. E. S., Carr, A. M. & Gale, S. (2001) Ecotourism in New Zealand: Profiling Visitors to New Zealand Ecotourism Operations. Research Paper 10 (Dunedin, New Zealand: Department of Tourism, University of Otago).
24. Higham, J. E. S. & Luck, M. (2002) Urban Ecotourism: A Contradiction in Terms?, Journal of Ecotourism, 1(1), pp. 36-51.
25. Kirstges, T. (2002) Basic Questions of 'Sustainable Tourism': Does Ecological and Socially Acceptable Tourism Have a Chance?, Current Issues in Tourism, 5(3&4), pp. 173-192.
26. McAdam, D. (1999) The Value and Scope of Geographical Information Systems in Tourism Management, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 7(1), pp. 77-92.
27. McKegg, S. (1996) Marine Tourism in New Zealand: environmental issues and options, Master of Science in Marine Science Thesis, University of Otago, Dunedin.
28. McKercher, B. (1998) The Business of Nature-Based Tourism (Elsternwick: Hospitality Press Pty Ltd).
29. McKercher, B. (2001) The Business of Ecotourism, in: D. B. Weaver (Ed.) The Encyclopedia of Ecotourism, pp. 565-577 (Wallingford: CABI Publishing).
30. Miller, D. R., Morrice, J. G., Horne, P. L. & Aspinall, R. J. (1994) Use of GIS for analysis of scenery in the Cairngorm Mountains of Scotland, in: M. F. Price & D. I. Heywood (Eds) Mountain Environments and GIS, pp. 119-131 (London: Taylor & Francis).
31. Ministry of Tourism (2001) New Zealand Tourism Strategy 2010 (Wellington: Ministry of Tourism).
32. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (1998) Discussion Paper, 1998 Year of Ocean-Coastal Tourism and Recreation. Washington, DC. Available at: http://www.yoto98.noaa.gov/yoto/meeting/ tour_rec_316.html (accessed 1 July 2005).
33. Oceans Policy Working Group (2003) Working Paper Summary - Issues with the Current Oceans Management System. Available at: www.oceans.govt.nz (accessed 6 September 2003).
34. Orams, M. B. (2003) Marine Ecotourism in New Zealand: An Overview of the Industry, in: B. Garrod & J. C. Wilson (Eds) Marine Ecotourism: Issues and Experiences, pp. 233-248 (Clevedon: Channel View Publications).
35. Page, S. J. & Dowling, R. K. (2002) Ecotourism (Harlow: Prentice Hall).
36. Pearce, D. (1995) Tourism Today: A Geographical Analysis (Harlow: Addison Wesley Longman Limited).
37. Simpson, K. (2003) Ecotourism Policy and Practice in New Zealand's National Estate, in: D. A. Fennell & R. K. Dowling (Eds) Ecotourism Policy and Planning, pp. 255-273 (Wallingford: CABI Publishing).
38. Warren, J. A. N. & Taylor, C. N. (1994) Developing Eco-tourism in New Zealand (Wellington: NZ Institute for Social Research and Development Ltd).
39. Wearing, S. & Neil, J. (1999) Ecotourism: Impacts, Potentials and Possibilities (Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann).
40. Williams, P. W., Paul, J. & Hainsworth, D. (1996) Keeping Track of What Really Counts, in: L. C. Harrison & W. Husbands (Eds) Practicing Responsible Tourism: International Case Studies in Tourism Planning, Policy and Development, pp. 404-421 (Canada: John Wiley & Sons).