Racially subordinate labour within global contexts: Robinson and Hopkins re-examined

Race and Class

Volumn 47, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 54-70

  Santiago Valles, Kelvin ^a  

^a BINGHAMTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Black radical tradition; Capitalism; Colonialism; Resistance; Slave trade; World system

Indexed keywords

EID: 27644542211     PISSN: 03063968     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0306396805058082     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. See, for example, Terence K. Hopkins and Immanuel Wallerstein, The comparative study of national societies', Social Science Information (Vol. 6, no. 5, October 1967), pp. 25-58;
2. Terence K. Hopkins and Immanuel Wallerstein, 'Patterns of development of the modern world-system', Review (Vol. 1, no. 2, Fall 1977), pp. 111-45;
3. Peter Taylor, 'The poverty of international comparisons: some methodological lessons from world-systems analysis', Studies in International Development (Spring 1987), pp. 12-39;
4. Immanuel Wallerstein, Unthinking Social Science: the limits of nineteenth-century paradigms (Cambridge, Polity Press, 1991), pp. 244-56;
5. Immanuel Wallerstein, 'World system versus world-systems: a critique', in Andre Gunder Frank and Barry K. Gills (eds), The World System: 500 years or 5,000? (London, Routledge, 1993), pp. 292-6.
6. Gyan Prakash, 'Post-colonial criticism and Indian historiography', Social Text (Vol. 10, nos 2-3, issue 31/32, 1992), p. 13.
7. Michel-Rolph Trouillot, Silencing the Past: power and the production of history (Boston, MA, Beacon Press, 1995), pp. 107, 176.
8. Barbara Christian, 'The race for theory', in Abdul JanMohamed and Davil Lloyd (eds), The Nature and Context of Minority Discourse (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990), p. 38.
9. Cedric Robinson, 'Preface to the 2000 edition', in Black Marxism: the making of the Black radical tradition (Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 2000), p. xxxi.
10. Cedric Robinson, 'Oliver Cromwell Cox and the historiography of the West', Cultural Critique (No. 17, winter 1990-91), p. 10.
11. The quote comes from Oliver Cromwell Cox, The Foundations of Capitalism (London, Peter Owne, 1959), p. 19.
12. Robinson, Black Marxism, op. cit., pp. 9-28.
13. W. E. B. Du Bois, The color line belts the world', in David Levering Lewis (ed.), W. E. B. Du Bois: a reader (New York, Henry Holt, 1995 [1906]), pp. 42-3;
14. W. E. B. Du Bois, The Negro problems', in Levering Lewis, W. E. B. du Bois: A Reader ibid., pp. 48-53;
15. W. E. B. Du Bois, Black Reconstruction in America, 1860-1880 (New York, Free Press, 1992 [1935]), pp. 3-54;
16. C. L. R. James, Black Jacobins: Toussaint L'Ouverture and the San Domingo revolution (New York, Vintage Books, 1963 [1938]), pp. 391-418;
17. Oliver Cromwell Cox, Caste, Class, and Race: a study of social dynamics (New York, Modern Reader, 1970 [1948]);
18. Oliver Cromwell Cox, Capitalism as a System (New York, Monthly Review Press, 1964), pp. 3-16, 89-96, 136-58, 210-18;
19. Cedric Robinson, The emergence and limitations of European radicalism', Race & Class (Vol. 21, no. 2, autumn 1979), pp. 217-33;
20. Robinson, Black Marxism, op. cit., pp. 9-28, 101-66;
21. Cedric Robinson, 'Capitalism, slavery, and bourgeois historiography', History Workshop (No. 23, spring 1987), pp. 122-40;
22. Cedric Robinson, 'Oliver Cromwell Cox and the historiography of the West', History Workshop op. cit.
23. Cedric Robinson, 'C. L. R. James and the world-system', The C. L. R. James Journal (Winter 1992), pp. 57-73.
24. Anibal Quijano and Immanuel Wallerstein, 'Americanity as a concept, or the Americas in the modern world-system', International Social Science Journal (No. 134, 1992), pp. 550-1.
25. A partial exception to this trend may be found in Immanuel Wallerstein, 'Oliver C. Cox as world-systems analyst', in Herbert Hunter (ed.), The Sociology of Oliver C. Cox: new perspectives (Stamford, Research in Race and Ethnic Relations, Vol. 11, JAI Press, 2000), pp. 173-83.
26. Aimé Césaire, Discourse on Colonialism (New York, Monthly Review Press, 1972 [1955]);
27. Frantz Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks (New York, Grove Press, 1967 [1952]);
28. Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth (New York, Grove Press, 1963 [1961]);
29. Sylvia Wynter, 'Sambos and minstrels', Social Text (No. 1, summer 1979), pp. 149-56;
30. Sylvia Wynter, 'Afterword: beyond Miranda's meanings: un/silencing the "demonic ground" of Caliban's "woman"', in Boyce-Davies and Fido (eds), Out of the Kumbla: Caribbean women and literature (Trenton, NJ, Africa World Press, 1990), pp. 354-72;
31. Sylvia Wynter, 'On disenchanting discourse: "minority" literary criticism and beyond', in JanMohamed and Lloyd, Out of the Kumbla: Caribbean women and literature op. cit., pp. 432-69;
32. Cedric Robinson, 'Black women in American films', Elimu (Vol. 8, no. 1, 1993), pp. 1-3;
33. Sylvia Wynter, '1492: a new world view', in Hyatt and Nettleford (eds), Race, Discourse, and the Origin of the Americas: a new world view (Washington, DC, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995), pp. 5-56;
34. Sylvia Wynter, 'Beyond the categories of the master conception: the counterdoctrine of the Jamesian poiesis', in Henry and Buhle (eds), C. L. R. James's Caribbean (Durham, NC, Duke University Press, 1992), pp. 63-91;
35. Sylvia Wynter, 'Unsettling the coloniality of being/power/truth/freedom: towards the human, after Man, its over-representation. An argument', paper presented at the 'Unsettling the Coloniality of Power' conference of the Coloniality Working Group, Binghamton University, 27-9 April 2000, later published in The New Centennial Review (Vol. 3, no. 3, fall 2003), pp. 257-337;
36. Trouillot, The New Centennial Review op. cit.
37. Sadiya Hartmann, Scenes of Subjection: terror, slavery, and self-making in nineteenth-century America (New York, Oxford University Press, 1997);
38. Ifi Amadiume, Reinventing Africa: matriarchy, religion, and culture (London, Zed Books, 1997);
39. Lindah Mhando, 'Transplanted networks: feminist analysis and the world system', paper presented at the second colloquium of the Coloniality Working Group, Binghamton University, New York, 3-4 May 2001.
40. A number of western scholars have also made important contributions in this regard, including: David Theo Goldberg, Racist Culture: philosophy and the politics of meaning (Cambridge, MA, Basil Blackwell, 1993);
41. Howard Winant, The World Is a Ghetto: race and democracy since world war II (New York, Basic Books, 2001).
42. Terence K. Hopkins, 'World-systems analysis: methodological issues', in Hopkins et al., World-Systems Analysis: theory and methodology (Beverly Hills, CA, Sage Publications, 1992), pp. 146-7, 149.
43. Philip McMichael, 'Incorporating comparisons within world-historical perspectives', American Sociological Review (Vol. 55, June 1990), pp. 385-97.
44. See also the following articles by Dale Tomich: 'World slavery and Caribbean capitalism: the Cuban sugar industry, 1760-1868', Theory and Society (Vol. 20, no. 3), pp. 297-319;
45. 'Small islands and huge comparisons: Caribbean plantations, historical unevenness, and capitalist modernity', Social Science History (Vol. 18, no. 3, fall 1994), pp. 339-58;
46. 'World of capital/worlds of labor: a global perspective', in John R. Hall (ed.), Reworking Class (Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 1997), pp. 287-311;
47. and 'Spaces of slavery, times of freedom: rethinking Caribbean history in world perspective', Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East (Vol. 27, no.1, 1997), pp. 67-80.
48. Hopkins, 'World-systems analysis: methodological issues', Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East op. cit., p. 147; my emphasis.
49. McMichael, Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East op. cit., p. 386; emphasis in original.
50. McMichael, Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East Ibid., p. 386; emphasis in original.
51. John Wallon, Reluctant Rebels: comparative studies of revolution and underdevelopment (New York, Columbia University Press, 1984);
52. Dale Tomich, Slavery in the Circuit of Sugar: Martinique in the world economy, 1830-1848 (Baltimore, MD, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990).
53. Robinson, Black Marxism, op. cit., p. 9.
54. Philip McMichael, 'The crisis of the southern slaveholder regime in the world economy', in Francisco Ramirez (ed.), Rethinking the Nineteenth Century: contradictions and movements (New York, Greenwood Press, 1988), pp. 43-60.
55. See also Philip McMichael's 'Slavery in the regime of wage labor: beyond paternalism in the US cotton culture', Social Concept (1991), pp. 10-28;
56. 'Slavery in capitalism: the rise and demise of the US ante-bellum cotton culture', Theory and Society (No. 20, 1991), pp. 321-49;
57. Development and Social Change: a global perspective (Thousand Oaks, CA, Pine Forge Press, 2000);
58. and 'World-systems analysis, globalization, and incorporated comparison', Journal of World-Systems Research (Vol. 6, no. 3, autumn 2000), pp. 668-90.
59. Robinson, Black Marxism, op. cit., pp. 29, 30.
60. Robinson, Black Marxism, Ibid., pp. 35-6.
61. Terence K. Hopkins, 'Notes on class analysis and the world-system', in Hopkins et al., Black Marxism op. cit., p. 84.
62. Terence K. Hopkins, 'The study of the capitalist world-economy: some introductory considerations', in Hopkins et al., Black Marxism op. cit., p. 22.
63. Terence K. Hopkins, Black Marxism Ibid., pp. 22-3.
64. Terence K. Hopkins, Black Marxism Ibid., p. 37.
65. See the section titled 'Cedric Robinson: short biography and selected works', in 'Capitalism, Marxism and the Black radical tradition: an interview with Cedric Robinson', Perspectives on Anarchist Theory (Vol. 3, no. 1, spring 1999), 〈http://flag.blackened.net/ias/5robinsonbio.htm〉 viewed on 8 December 2003.
66. Hopkins, The study of the capitalist world-economy', Perspectives on Anarchist Theory op. cit., p. 23.
67. A partial exception to this rule is Tomich's recent unpublished paper, 'Thinking through slavery: labor and race in nineteenth-century planter thought', presented at the Institute for Global Studies in Culture, Power and History, Johns Hopkins University, spring 1998.
68. Fernand Braudel, Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th Century, Vol. 1: The structures of everyday life (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1992), p. 560.
69. Wynter, 'Afterword: beyond Miranda's meanings', The structures of everyday life op. cit., p. 359.
70. Robinson, Black Marxism, op. cit., p. 30.
71. Robinson, Black Marxism Ibid., p. 31.
72. Robinson, Black Marxism Ibid., p. 124.
73. Fernand Braudel, 'History and the social sciences', in Peter Burke (ed.), Economy and Society in Early-Modern Europe (New York, Harper & Row, 1972), p. 25.
74. Here I am also in part paraphrasing from Fernand Braudel, Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th Century, Vol. 2: The wheels of commerce (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1992), p. 21.
75. Fernand Braudel, The wheels of commerce Ibid., p. 21.
76. Fernand Braudel, Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th Century, Vol. 3: The perspective of the world (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1992), p. 18.
77. Du Bois, 'The color line belts the world', The perspective of the world op. cit., p. 42.
78. Du Bois, 'The Negro problems', The perspective of the world op. cit., pp. 48-9.
79. Frederick Cooper, 'Back to work: categories, boundaries, and connections in the study of labour', in Peter Alexander and Rick Halpern (eds), Racializing Class, Classifying Race: labour and difference in Britain, the USA and Africa (London, Macmillan Press and St Anthony's College, 2000), pp. 213-14.
80. Karl Marx, Capital, Vol. I (New York, Vintage Books, 1977), pp. 128-37.
81. Robinson, Black Marxism, op. cit., p. 121.
82. Robinson, Black Marxism Ibid., pp. 121-2.
83. Dipesh Chakrabarty, 'Marx after Marxism: history, subalternity, and difference', in Makdisi et al. (eds), Marxism Beyond Marxism (New York, Routledge, 1996), p. 60.
84. Robinson, Black Marxism, op. cit., p. 124.
85. Marx, Capital, op. cit., pp. 915-16.
86. Robinson, Black Marxism, op. cit., pp. 31-42, 110-30.
87. Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish: the birth of the prison (New York, Pantheon Books, 1977), pp. 220-1.
88. Robinson, Black Marxism, op. cit., pp. 16, 109-13, 115-30.
89. See, for instance, Nancy Forsythe, Theorizing about gender: the contributions of Terence K. Hopkins', in Immanuel Wallerstein (ed.), Mentoring, Methods, and Movements: colloquium in honor of Terence K. Hopkins (Binghamton, Fernand Braudel Center, 1998), pp. 111-24;
90. Shelley Feldman, 'Intersecting and contesting positions: postcolonialism, feminism, and world-systems theory', Review (Vol. 24, no. 3, 2001), pp. 343-71;
91. Ramón Grosfoguel, 'Colonial difference, geopolitics of knowledge, and global coloniality in the modern/colonial capitalist world-system', Review (Vol. 25, no. 3, 2002), pp. 203-24.