메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 423-451

Acute coronary syndromes in the emergency department: Diagnostic characteristics, tests, and challenges

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BIOCHEMICAL MARKER; CREATINE KINASE; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT; GLYCERYL TRINITRATE; MYOGLOBIN; NITRATE; TECHNETIUM 99M; TROPONIN I; TROPONIN T;

EID: 27644528376     PISSN: 07338651     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2005.08.012     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (24)

References (193)
  • 2
    • 0031680016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical features of emergency department patients presenting with symptoms of acute cardiac ischemia: A multicenter study
    • J. Pope, R. Ruthazer, and J. Beshansky Clinical features of emergency department patients presenting with symptoms of acute cardiac ischemia: a multicenter study J Thromb Thrombolysis 6 1998 63 74
    • (1998) J Thromb Thrombolysis , vol.6 , pp. 63-74
    • Pope, J.1    Ruthazer, R.2    Beshansky, J.3
  • 3
    • 0034690309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Missed diagnoses of acute cardiac ischemia in the emergency department
    • J. Pope, T. Aufderheide, and R. Ruthazer Missed diagnoses of acute cardiac ischemia in the emergency department N Engl J Med 342 2000 1163 1170
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 1163-1170
    • Pope, J.1    Aufderheide, T.2    Ruthazer, R.3
  • 4
    • 0003145275 scopus 로고
    • Acute coronary events in a general practice: Objectives and design of the Imminent Myocardial Infarction Rotterdam Study
    • E. Van der Does, J. Lubson, and J. Pool Acute coronary events in a general practice: objectives and design of the Imminent Myocardial Infarction Rotterdam Study Heart Bull 7 1976 91
    • (1976) Heart Bull , vol.7 , pp. 91
    • Van Der Does, E.1    Lubson, J.2    Pool, J.3
  • 5
    • 0028760338 scopus 로고
    • National ambulatory care survey: 1992 emergency department summary
    • L. McCaig National ambulatory care survey: 1992 emergency department summary Adv Data 245 1994 1 12
    • (1994) Adv Data , vol.245 , pp. 1-12
    • McCaig, L.1
  • 6
    • 0021327012 scopus 로고
    • A predictive instrument to improve coronary care unit admission practices in acute ischemic heart disease: A prospective multicenter clinical trial
    • M. Pozen, R. D'Agostino, and H. Selker A predictive instrument to improve coronary care unit admission practices in acute ischemic heart disease: a prospective multicenter clinical trial N Engl J Med 310 1984 1273 1278
    • (1984) N Engl J Med , vol.310 , pp. 1273-1278
    • Pozen, M.1    D'Agostino, R.2    Selker, H.3
  • 7
    • 0019974758 scopus 로고
    • A computer-derived protocol to aid in the diagnosis of emergency room patients with acute chest pain
    • L. Goldman, and M. Weinberg A computer-derived protocol to aid in the diagnosis of emergency room patients with acute chest pain N Engl J Med 307 1982 588 596
    • (1982) N Engl J Med , vol.307 , pp. 588-596
    • Goldman, L.1    Weinberg, M.2
  • 8
    • 0017314075 scopus 로고
    • Disposition of presumed coronary patients from an emergency room; A follow-up study
    • S. Schor, S. Behar, and B. Modan Disposition of presumed coronary patients from an emergency room; a follow-up study JAMA 236 1976 941 943
    • (1976) JAMA , vol.236 , pp. 941-943
    • Schor, S.1    Behar, S.2    Modan, B.3
  • 9
    • 0023266215 scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics and natural history of patients with acute myocardial infarction sent home from the emergency room
    • T. Lee, G. Rouan, and M. Weisberg Clinical characteristics and natural history of patients with acute myocardial infarction sent home from the emergency room Am J Cardiol 60 1987 219 224
    • (1987) Am J Cardiol , vol.60 , pp. 219-224
    • Lee, T.1    Rouan, G.2    Weisberg, M.3
  • 10
    • 0018874365 scopus 로고
    • The usefulness of a predictive instrument to reduce inappropriate admissions to the coronary care unit
    • M. Pozen, R. D'Agostino, and J. Mitchell The usefulness of a predictive instrument to reduce inappropriate admissions to the coronary care unit Ann Intern Med 92 1980 238 242
    • (1980) Ann Intern Med , vol.92 , pp. 238-242
    • Pozen, M.1    D'Agostino, R.2    Mitchell, J.3
  • 11
    • 0001768425 scopus 로고
    • Optimal identification of the patient with acute myocardial ischemia in the emergency room
    • R. Calif G. Wagner Martinus Nijhoff Boston
    • H. Selker, M. Pozen, and R. D'Agostino Optimal identification of the patient with acute myocardial ischemia in the emergency room R. Calif G. Wagner Acute coronary care: principles and practice 1985 Martinus Nijhoff Boston 289 298
    • (1985) Acute Coronary Care: Principles and Practice , pp. 289-298
    • Selker, H.1    Pozen, M.2    D'Agostino, R.3
  • 12
    • 0015920439 scopus 로고
    • End results, costs, and productivity of coronary care units
    • B. Bloom, and O. Peterson End results, costs, and productivity of coronary care units N Engl J Med 288 1973 72 78
    • (1973) N Engl J Med , vol.288 , pp. 72-78
    • Bloom, B.1    Peterson, O.2
  • 13
    • 0018367538 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in the emergency room: A prospective assessment of clinical decision making and usefulness of immediate cardiac enzyme determination
    • J. Eisenberg, L. Horowitz, and R. Busch Diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in the emergency room: a prospective assessment of clinical decision making and usefulness of immediate cardiac enzyme determination J Community Health 4 1979 190 198
    • (1979) J Community Health , vol.4 , pp. 190-198
    • Eisenberg, J.1    Horowitz, L.2    Busch, R.3
  • 14
    • 0019493747 scopus 로고
    • Improved criteria for admission to coronary care units
    • R. Fuchs, and S. Scheidt Improved criteria for admission to coronary care units JAMA 246 1981 2037 2041
    • (1981) JAMA , vol.246 , pp. 2037-2041
    • Fuchs, R.1    Scheidt, S.2
  • 15
    • 0021970830 scopus 로고
    • Predictors of myocardial infarction in emergency room patients
    • W. Tierney, B. Roth, and B. Psaty Predictors of myocardial infarction in emergency room patients Crit Care Med 13 1985 526 531
    • (1985) Crit Care Med , vol.13 , pp. 526-531
    • Tierney, W.1    Roth, B.2    Psaty, B.3
  • 16
    • 0023854157 scopus 로고
    • A computer protocol to predict myocardial infarction in emergency department patients with chest pain
    • L. Goldman, E. Cook, and D. Brand A computer protocol to predict myocardial infarction in emergency department patients with chest pain N Engl J Med 318 1988 707 803
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.318 , pp. 707-803
    • Goldman, L.1    Cook, E.2    Brand, D.3
  • 17
    • 0013403372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of coronary syndromes
    • C.P. Cannon Humana Press Totowa (NJ)
    • C.P. Cannon Management of coronary syndromes C.P. Cannon Contemporary cardiology 1999 Humana Press Totowa (NJ) Chapter 1, p. 8
    • (1999) Contemporary Cardiology
    • Cannon, C.P.1
  • 18
    • 0027502036 scopus 로고
    • Missed diagnoses of acute myocardial infarction in the emergency department: Results from a multicenter study
    • B. McCarthy, J. Beshansky, and R. D'Agostino Missed diagnoses of acute myocardial infarction in the emergency department: results from a multicenter study Ann Emerg Med 22 1993 579 582
    • (1993) Ann Emerg Med , vol.22 , pp. 579-582
    • McCarthy, B.1    Beshansky, J.2    D'Agostino, R.3
  • 19
    • 0025287478 scopus 로고
    • Detecting acute cardiac ischemia in the emergency department: A review of the literature
    • B. McCarthy, J. Wong, and H. Selker Detecting acute cardiac ischemia in the emergency department: a review of the literature J Gen Intern Med 5 1990 365 373
    • (1990) J Gen Intern Med , vol.5 , pp. 365-373
    • McCarthy, B.1    Wong, J.2    Selker, H.3
  • 20
    • 0031022585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of technologies for identifying acute cardiac ischemia in the emergency department
    • H.P. Selker, R.J. Zalenski, and E.M. Antman An evaluation of technologies for identifying acute cardiac ischemia in the emergency department Ann Emerg Med 29 1997 1 87
    • (1997) Ann Emerg Med , vol.29 , pp. 1-87
    • Selker, H.P.1    Zalenski, R.J.2    Antman, E.M.3
  • 22
    • 0017658723 scopus 로고
    • Bayesian analysis of electrocardiographic exercise stress testing
    • R. Rifkin, and W.J. Hood Bayesian analysis of electrocardiographic exercise stress testing N Engl J Med 297 1979 681 686
    • (1979) N Engl J Med , vol.297 , pp. 681-686
    • Rifkin, R.1    Hood, W.J.2
  • 23
    • 0017754089 scopus 로고
    • Symptomatic myocardial infarction without chest pain: Prevalence and clinical course
    • B. Uretsky, D. Farquhar, and A. Berezin Symptomatic myocardial infarction without chest pain: prevalence and clinical course Am J Cardiol 40 1977 498 503
    • (1977) Am J Cardiol , vol.40 , pp. 498-503
    • Uretsky, B.1    Farquhar, D.2    Berezin, A.3
  • 24
    • 0015632129 scopus 로고
    • Incidence and presentation of myocardial infarction in an English community
    • L. Kinlen Incidence and presentation of myocardial infarction in an English community Br Heart J 35 1973 616 622
    • (1973) Br Heart J , vol.35 , pp. 616-622
    • Kinlen, L.1
  • 25
    • 0002703271 scopus 로고
    • Clinical features of unrecognized myocardial infarction-silent and symptomatic
    • J. Marglois, W. Kannel, and M. Feinlieb Clinical features of unrecognized myocardial infarction-silent and symptomatic Am J Cardiol 32 1973 1 6
    • (1973) Am J Cardiol , vol.32 , pp. 1-6
    • Marglois, J.1    Kannel, W.2    Feinlieb, M.3
  • 26
    • 0032403063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the Acute Cardiac Ischemia Time-Insensitive Predictive Instrument (ACI-TIPI) to assist with triage of patients with chest pain or other symptoms suggestive of acute cardiac ischemia
    • H. Selker, J. Beshansky, and J. Griffith Use of the Acute Cardiac Ischemia Time-Insensitive Predictive Instrument (ACI-TIPI) to assist with triage of patients with chest pain or other symptoms suggestive of acute cardiac ischemia Ann Intern Med 129 1998 845 855
    • (1998) Ann Intern Med , vol.129 , pp. 845-855
    • Selker, H.1    Beshansky, J.2    Griffith, J.3
  • 27
    • 0019492292 scopus 로고
    • Unstable angina pectoris: National Cooperative Study Group to compare medical and surgical therapy: IV. Results in patients with left anterior descending coronary artery disease
    • R. Russell Unstable angina pectoris: National Cooperative Study Group to compare medical and surgical therapy: IV. Results in patients with left anterior descending coronary artery disease Am J Cardiol 48 1981 517 524
    • (1981) Am J Cardiol , vol.48 , pp. 517-524
    • Russell, R.1
  • 28
    • 0015333261 scopus 로고
    • Acute coronary insufficiency. Course and follow-up
    • K.R. Krauss, A.M. Hutter Jr., and R.W. DeSanctis Acute coronary insufficiency. Course and follow-up Circulation 45 Suppl 1 1972 I66 I71
    • (1972) Circulation , vol.45 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Krauss, K.R.1    Hutter Jr., A.M.2    Desanctis, R.W.3
  • 29
    • 0021969084 scopus 로고
    • Clinical prediction rules: Applications and methodological standards
    • J. Wasson, H. Sox, and R. Neff Clinical prediction rules: applications and methodological standards N Engl J Med 313 1985 793 799
    • (1985) N Engl J Med , vol.313 , pp. 793-799
    • Wasson, J.1    Sox, H.2    Neff, R.3
  • 30
    • 0038141851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2002 emergency department summary
    • L. McCaig, and C. Burt National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2002 emergency department summary Adv Data 340 2004 1 34
    • (2004) Adv Data , vol.340 , pp. 1-34
    • McCaig, L.1    Burt, C.2
  • 31
    • 12444313594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical features, triage, and outcome of patients presenting to the ED with suspected acute coronary syndrome but without pain: A multicenter study
    • B.E. Coronado, J.H. Pope, and J.L. Griffith Clinical features, triage, and outcome of patients presenting to the ED with suspected acute coronary syndrome but without pain: a multicenter study Am J Emerg Med 22 2004 568 574
    • (2004) Am J Emerg Med , vol.22 , pp. 568-574
    • Coronado, B.E.1    Pope, J.H.2    Griffith, J.L.3
  • 32
    • 0028959116 scopus 로고
    • Clinical policy for the initial approach to adults presenting with a chief complaint of chest pain with no history of trauma
    • American College of Emergency Physicians Clinical policy for the initial approach to adults presenting with a chief complaint of chest pain with no history of trauma Ann Emerg Med 25 1995 274 299
    • (1995) Ann Emerg Med , vol.25 , pp. 274-299
  • 33
    • 0019514293 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of slight and subacute coronary attacks in the community
    • D. Short Diagnosis of slight and subacute coronary attacks in the community Br Heart J 45 1981 299 310
    • (1981) Br Heart J , vol.45 , pp. 299-310
    • Short, D.1
  • 34
    • 0022363195 scopus 로고
    • Acute chest pain in the emergency room: Identification and examination of low-risk patients
    • T. Lee, E. Cook, and M. Weisberg Acute chest pain in the emergency room: identification and examination of low-risk patients Arch Intern Med 145 1985 65 69
    • (1985) Arch Intern Med , vol.145 , pp. 65-69
    • Lee, T.1    Cook, E.2    Weisberg, M.3
  • 35
    • 0029951005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of the need for intensive care in patients who come to the emergency department with acute chest pain
    • L. Goldman, E. Cook, and P. Johnson Prediction of the need for intensive care in patients who come to the emergency department with acute chest pain N Engl J Med 334 1996 1498 1504
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , pp. 1498-1504
    • Goldman, L.1    Cook, E.2    Johnson, P.3
  • 36
    • 0026270117 scopus 로고
    • A time-insensitive predictive instrument for acute myocardial infarction mortality: A multicenter study
    • H. Selker, J. Griffith, and R. D'Agostino A time-insensitive predictive instrument for acute myocardial infarction mortality: a multicenter study Med Care 29 1991 1196 1211
    • (1991) Med Care , vol.29 , pp. 1196-1211
    • Selker, H.1    Griffith, J.2    D'Agostino, R.3
  • 37
    • 0015090203 scopus 로고
    • Pain in acute myocardial infarction. a study of 137 patients in a coronary care unit
    • U. Sawe Pain in acute myocardial infarction. A study of 137 patients in a coronary care unit Acta Med Scand 190 1971 79 81
    • (1971) Acta Med Scand , vol.190 , pp. 79-81
    • Sawe, U.1
  • 38
    • 0015471127 scopus 로고
    • Early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction with special reference to the diagnosis of the intermediate coronary syndrome: A clinical study
    • U. Sawe Early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction with special reference to the diagnosis of the intermediate coronary syndrome: a clinical study Acta Med Scand 520 Suppl 1972 1 76
    • (1972) Acta Med Scand , vol.520 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 1-76
    • Sawe, U.1
  • 39
    • 0019403282 scopus 로고
    • Chest pain-prophet of doom or nagging necrosis?
    • D. Levene Chest pain-prophet of doom or nagging necrosis? Acta Med Scand 644 Suppl 1981 11 13
    • (1981) Acta Med Scand , vol.644 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 11-13
    • Levene, D.1
  • 40
    • 75549107908 scopus 로고
    • Myocardial infarction. Clinical features and outcome in three thousand thirty-six cases
    • J. Sievers Myocardial infarction. Clinical features and outcome in three thousand thirty-six cases Acta Med Scand 406 Suppl 406 1964 1 120
    • (1964) Acta Med Scand , vol.406 , Issue.SUPPL. 406 , pp. 1-120
    • Sievers, J.1
  • 41
    • 0018394443 scopus 로고
    • Oesophageal dysfunction in non-infarction coronary care unit patients
    • M. Areskog, L. Tibbling, and B. Wranne Oesophageal dysfunction in non-infarction coronary care unit patients Acta Med Scand 205 1979 279 282
    • (1979) Acta Med Scand , vol.205 , pp. 279-282
    • Areskog, M.1    Tibbling, L.2    Wranne, B.3
  • 42
    • 0016696234 scopus 로고
    • Prodromata of myocardial infarction and sudden death
    • A. Alonzo, A. Simon, and M. Feilieb Prodromata of myocardial infarction and sudden death Circulation 52 1975 1056 1062
    • (1975) Circulation , vol.52 , pp. 1056-1062
    • Alonzo, A.1    Simon, A.2    Feilieb, M.3
  • 43
    • 0018836903 scopus 로고
    • Indications for admission to a coronary care unit in patients with unstable angina
    • S. Nattel, J. Warnica, and R. Ogilivie Indications for admission to a coronary care unit in patients with unstable angina Can Med Assoc J 122 1980 180 184
    • (1980) Can Med Assoc J , vol.122 , pp. 180-184
    • Nattel, S.1    Warnica, J.2    Ogilivie, R.3
  • 44
    • 0019318188 scopus 로고
    • Vomiting as a diagnostic aid in acute ischemic cardiac pain
    • D. Ingram, R. Fulton, and R. Portal Vomiting as a diagnostic aid in acute ischemic cardiac pain BMJ 281 1980 636 637
    • (1980) BMJ , vol.281 , pp. 636-637
    • Ingram, D.1    Fulton, R.2    Portal, R.3
  • 45
    • 0037223353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical presentations among Medicare beneficiaries with unstable angina pectoris
    • J. Canto, C. Fincher, and C. Kiefe Atypical presentations among Medicare beneficiaries with unstable angina pectoris Am J Cardiol 91 2003 118 119
    • (2003) Am J Cardiol , vol.91 , pp. 118-119
    • Canto, J.1    Fincher, C.2    Kiefe, C.3
  • 46
    • 0021228785 scopus 로고
    • Incidence and prognosis of unrecognized myocardial infarction: An update on the Framingham Study
    • W. Kannel, and R. Abbott Incidence and prognosis of unrecognized myocardial infarction: an update on the Framingham Study N Engl J Med 311 1984 1144 1147
    • (1984) N Engl J Med , vol.311 , pp. 1144-1147
    • Kannel, W.1    Abbott, R.2
  • 47
    • 0014098206 scopus 로고
    • Clinically unrecognized myocardial infarction in the Western Collaborative Group Study
    • R. Rosenman, M. Friedman, and C. Jenkins Clinically unrecognized myocardial infarction in the Western Collaborative Group Study Am J Cardiol 19 1967 776 782
    • (1967) Am J Cardiol , vol.19 , pp. 776-782
    • Rosenman, R.1    Friedman, M.2    Jenkins, C.3
  • 48
    • 0023113422 scopus 로고
    • Unrecognized myocardial infarction; Experience in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT)
    • R. Grimm, S. Tillinghast, and K. Daniels Unrecognized myocardial infarction; experience in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) Circulation 75 Suppl 2 1987 116 118
    • (1987) Circulation , vol.75 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 116-118
    • Grimm, R.1    Tillinghast, S.2    Daniels, K.3
  • 49
    • 0022835195 scopus 로고
    • Silent myocardial ischemia and infarction: Insights from the Framingham study
    • W.B. Kannel Silent myocardial ischemia and infarction: insights from the Framingham study Cardiol Clin 4 1986 583 591
    • (1986) Cardiol Clin , vol.4 , pp. 583-591
    • Kannel, W.B.1
  • 50
    • 4243567029 scopus 로고
    • Can missed diagnoses of acute myocardial infarction in the emergency room be reduced?
    • B. McCarthy, J. Beshansky, and R. D'Agostino Can missed diagnoses of acute myocardial infarction in the emergency room be reduced? Clin Res 37 1989 779A
    • (1989) Clin Res , vol.37
    • McCarthy, B.1    Beshansky, J.2    D'Agostino, R.3
  • 52
    • 0014105023 scopus 로고
    • A multivariate analysis of the risk of coronary artery disease in Framingham
    • J. Truett, J. Cornfield, and W. Kannel A multivariate analysis of the risk of coronary artery disease in Framingham J Chronic Dis 20 1967 511 524
    • (1967) J Chronic Dis , vol.20 , pp. 511-524
    • Truett, J.1    Cornfield, J.2    Kannel, W.3
  • 53
    • 0026749794 scopus 로고
    • Physician electrocardiogram reading in the emergency department: Accuracy and effect on triage decisions: Findings from a multicenter study
    • R. Jayes, G. Larsen, and J. Beshansky Physician electrocardiogram reading in the emergency department: accuracy and effect on triage decisions: findings from a multicenter study J Gen Intern Med 7 1992 387 392
    • (1992) J Gen Intern Med , vol.7 , pp. 387-392
    • Jayes, R.1    Larsen, G.2    Beshansky, J.3
  • 54
    • 0346756189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chest pain relief by nitroglycerin does not predict active coronary artery disease
    • C. Henrikson, E. Howell, and D. Bush Chest pain relief by nitroglycerin does not predict active coronary artery disease Ann Intern Med 139 2003 979 986
    • (2003) Ann Intern Med , vol.139 , pp. 979-986
    • Henrikson, C.1    Howell, E.2    Bush, D.3
  • 55
    • 0015915194 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and manometric effects of nitroglycerin in diffuse esophageal spasm
    • R. Orlando, and E. Bozymski Clinical and manometric effects of nitroglycerin in diffuse esophageal spasm N Engl J Med 289 1973 23 25
    • (1973) N Engl J Med , vol.289 , pp. 23-25
    • Orlando, R.1    Bozymski, E.2
  • 56
    • 0014138362 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of myocardial infarction in a coronary care unit. a two year experience with 250 patients
    • T. Killip, and J. Kimball Treatment of myocardial infarction in a coronary care unit. A two year experience with 250 patients Am J Cardiol 20 1967 457 464
    • (1967) Am J Cardiol , vol.20 , pp. 457-464
    • Killip, T.1    Kimball, J.2
  • 57
    • 0035003823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NIH National Heart Attack Alert Program Working Group on Evaluation of Technologies for Identifying Acute Cardiac Ischemia in Emergency Departments Report
    • J.P. Ornato, H.P. Selker, and R.J. Zalenski NIH National Heart Attack Alert Program Working Group on Evaluation of Technologies for Identifying Acute Cardiac Ischemia in Emergency Departments Report Ann Emerg Med 37 2001 450 494
    • (2001) Ann Emerg Med , vol.37 , pp. 450-494
    • Ornato, J.P.1    Selker, H.P.2    Zalenski, R.J.3
  • 58
    • 0023211562 scopus 로고
    • Electrocardiograms and decision aids in coronary care triage: The truth but not the whole truth
    • H. Selker Electrocardiograms and decision aids in coronary care triage: the truth but not the whole truth J Gen Intern Med 2 1987 67 70
    • (1987) J Gen Intern Med , vol.2 , pp. 67-70
    • Selker, H.1
  • 59
    • 0022374957 scopus 로고
    • Influence of electrocardiographic findings on admission decisions in patients with acute chest pain
    • J. Hoffman, and E. Igarashi Influence of electrocardiographic findings on admission decisions in patients with acute chest pain Am J Med 79 1985 699 707
    • (1985) Am J Med , vol.79 , pp. 699-707
    • Hoffman, J.1    Igarashi, E.2
  • 60
    • 0021845327 scopus 로고
    • Use of the initial electrocardiogram to predict in-hospital complications of acute myocardial infarction
    • J. Brush, D. Brand, and D. Acampora Use of the initial electrocardiogram to predict in-hospital complications of acute myocardial infarction N Engl J Med 312 1985 1137 1141
    • (1985) N Engl J Med , vol.312 , pp. 1137-1141
    • Brush, J.1    Brand, D.2    Acampora, D.3
  • 61
    • 0023200429 scopus 로고
    • Outcome in suspected acute myocardial infarction with normal or minimally abnormal admission electrocardiographic findings
    • D. Slater, M. Hlatky, and D. Mark Outcome in suspected acute myocardial infarction with normal or minimally abnormal admission electrocardiographic findings Am J Cardiol 60 1987 766 770
    • (1987) Am J Cardiol , vol.60 , pp. 766-770
    • Slater, D.1    Hlatky, M.2    Mark, D.3
  • 62
    • 0023257476 scopus 로고
    • The initial electrocardiogram during admission for myocardial infarction; Use as a predictor of clinical course and facility utilization
    • M. Stark, and J. Vacek The initial electrocardiogram during admission for myocardial infarction; use as a predictor of clinical course and facility utilization Arch Intern Med 147 1987 843 846
    • (1987) Arch Intern Med , vol.147 , pp. 843-846
    • Stark, M.1    Vacek, J.2
  • 63
    • 0021019511 scopus 로고
    • Electrocardiographic and clinical criteria for recognition of acute myocardial infarction based on analysis of 3,697 patients
    • R. Rude, W. Poole, and J. Muller Electrocardiographic and clinical criteria for recognition of acute myocardial infarction based on analysis of 3,697 patients Am J Cardiol 52 1983 936 942
    • (1983) Am J Cardiol , vol.52 , pp. 936-942
    • Rude, R.1    Poole, W.2    Muller, J.3
  • 64
    • 0022382373 scopus 로고
    • Electrocardiographic findings in acute right ventricular infarction: Sensitivity and specificity of electrocardiographic alterations in right precordial leads V4R,V5R,V1,V2,V3
    • J. Lopez-Sendon, I. Coma-Canella, and S. Alcasena Electrocardiographic findings in acute right ventricular infarction: sensitivity and specificity of electrocardiographic alterations in right precordial leads V4R,V5R,V1,V2,V3 J Am Coll Cardiol 19 1985 1273 1279
    • (1985) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.19 , pp. 1273-1279
    • Lopez-Sendon, J.1    Coma-Canella, I.2    Alcasena, S.3
  • 65
    • 0023210569 scopus 로고
    • Protocols in the emergency room evaluation of chest pain: Do they fail to diagnose lateral wall myocardial infarction?
    • K. Wrenn Protocols in the emergency room evaluation of chest pain: do they fail to diagnose lateral wall myocardial infarction? J Gen Intern Med 2 1987 66 67
    • (1987) J Gen Intern Med , vol.2 , pp. 66-67
    • Wrenn, K.1
  • 66
    • 0022635742 scopus 로고
    • Electrocardiographic diagnosis of posterior myocardial infarction revisited
    • P. Nestico, A. Hakki, and A. Iskandrian Electrocardiographic diagnosis of posterior myocardial infarction revisited J Electrocardiol 19 1986 33 40
    • (1986) J Electrocardiol , vol.19 , pp. 33-40
    • Nestico, P.1    Hakki, A.2    Iskandrian, A.3
  • 67
    • 12844273936 scopus 로고
    • Electrocardiography, exercise stress testing, and ambulatory monitoring
    • W. Kelly Lippincott Philadelphia
    • C. Fisch Electrocardiography, exercise stress testing, and ambulatory monitoring W. Kelly Textbook of internal medicine 1989 Lippincott Philadelphia 305 316
    • (1989) Textbook of Internal Medicine , pp. 305-316
    • Fisch, C.1
  • 68
    • 0024420002 scopus 로고
    • Litigation against the emergency physician: Common features in cases of missed myocardial infarction
    • R. Rusnak, T. Stair, and K. Hansen Litigation against the emergency physician: common features in cases of missed myocardial infarction Ann Emerg Med 18 1989 1029 1034
    • (1989) Ann Emerg Med , vol.18 , pp. 1029-1034
    • Rusnak, R.1    Stair, T.2    Hansen, K.3
  • 69
    • 0019559193 scopus 로고
    • Selection and interpretation of diagnostic tests and procedures: Principles and applications
    • P. Griner, R. Mayewski, and A. Mushlin Selection and interpretation of diagnostic tests and procedures: principles and applications Ann Intern Med 94 1981 557 592
    • (1981) Ann Intern Med , vol.94 , pp. 557-592
    • Griner, P.1    Mayewski, R.2    Mushlin, A.3
  • 70
    • 0025242509 scopus 로고
    • Does the emergency room electrocardiogram identify patients with suspected myocardial infarction who are at low risk of acute complications?
    • M. Bell, J. Montarello, and P. Steele Does the emergency room electrocardiogram identify patients with suspected myocardial infarction who are at low risk of acute complications? Aust N Z J Med 20 1990 564 569
    • (1990) Aust N Z J Med , vol.20 , pp. 564-569
    • Bell, M.1    Montarello, J.2    Steele, P.3
  • 71
    • 0023864894 scopus 로고
    • The emergency department ECG and immediate life-threatening complications in initially uncomplicated suspected myocardial ischemia
    • R. Zalenski, E. Sloan, and E. Chen The emergency department ECG and immediate life-threatening complications in initially uncomplicated suspected myocardial ischemia Ann Emerg Med 17 1988 221 226
    • (1988) Ann Emerg Med , vol.17 , pp. 221-226
    • Zalenski, R.1    Sloan, E.2    Chen, E.3
  • 72
    • 0025871882 scopus 로고
    • Usefulness of ST-segment changes in ≥ 2 leads on the emergency room electrocardiogram in either unstable angina pectoris or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction in predicting outcome
    • M. Cohen, L. Hawkins, and S. Geeenburg Usefulness of ST-segment changes in ≥ 2 leads on the emergency room electrocardiogram in either unstable angina pectoris or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction in predicting outcome Am J Cardiol 67 1991 1368 1373
    • (1991) Am J Cardiol , vol.67 , pp. 1368-1373
    • Cohen, M.1    Hawkins, L.2    Geeenburg, S.3
  • 73
    • 0024390602 scopus 로고
    • Initial ECG in Q wave and non-Q wave myocardial infarction
    • F. Fesmire, R.F. Percy, and R. Wears Initial ECG in Q wave and non-Q wave myocardial infarction Ann Emerg Med 18 1989 741 746
    • (1989) Ann Emerg Med , vol.18 , pp. 741-746
    • Fesmire, F.1    Percy, R.F.2    Wears, R.3
  • 74
    • 0019193882 scopus 로고
    • The baseline ECG in the evaluation of acute cardiac complaints
    • L. Rubenstein, and S. Greenfield The baseline ECG in the evaluation of acute cardiac complaints JAMA 244 1980 2536 2539
    • (1980) JAMA , vol.244 , pp. 2536-2539
    • Rubenstein, L.1    Greenfield, S.2
  • 75
    • 0023127732 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of prior myocardial infarction to false-positive electrocardiographic diagnosis of acute injury in patients with chest pain
    • D.H. Miller, P. Kligfield, and T.L. Schreiber Relationship of prior myocardial infarction to false-positive electrocardiographic diagnosis of acute injury in patients with chest pain Arch Intern Med 147 1987 257 261
    • (1987) Arch Intern Med , vol.147 , pp. 257-261
    • Miller, D.H.1    Kligfield, P.2    Schreiber, T.L.3
  • 77
    • 0037419769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Troponin T and quantitative ST-depression offer complementary prognostic information in the risk stratification of acute coronary syndrome patients
    • P. Kaul, L. Newby, and Y. Fu Troponin T and quantitative ST-depression offer complementary prognostic information in the risk stratification of acute coronary syndrome patients J Am Coll Cardiol 41 2003 371 380
    • (2003) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.41 , pp. 371-380
    • Kaul, P.1    Newby, L.2    Fu, Y.3
  • 78
    • 0022616776 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic and prognostic significance of transient isolated negative T-waves in suspected acute myocardial infarction
    • J. Granborg, P. Grande, and A. Pederson Diagnostic and prognostic significance of transient isolated negative T-waves in suspected acute myocardial infarction Am J Cardiol 57 1986 203 207
    • (1986) Am J Cardiol , vol.57 , pp. 203-207
    • Granborg, J.1    Grande, P.2    Pederson, A.3
  • 79
    • 0020959596 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal ECG in clinically normal individuals
    • C. Fisch Abnormal ECG in clinically normal individuals JAMA 250 1983 1321 1323
    • (1983) JAMA , vol.250 , pp. 1321-1323
    • Fisch, C.1
  • 80
    • 0022539632 scopus 로고
    • Coronary arteriographic findings soon after non-Q-wave myocardial infarction
    • M. DeWood, W. Stifer, and C. Simpson Coronary arteriographic findings soon after non-Q-wave myocardial infarction N Engl J Med 315 1986 417 423
    • (1986) N Engl J Med , vol.315 , pp. 417-423
    • Dewood, M.1    Stifer, W.2    Simpson, C.3
  • 81
    • 0022542324 scopus 로고
    • Non-Q-wave myocardial infarction
    • J. Kennedy Non-Q-wave myocardial infarction N Engl J Med 315 1977 451 453
    • (1977) N Engl J Med , vol.315 , pp. 451-453
    • Kennedy, J.1
  • 82
    • 0017331313 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of electrocardiogram in emergency room as a decision-making tool
    • S. Behar, S. Schor, and I. Kariv Evaluation of electrocardiogram in emergency room as a decision-making tool Chest 71 1977 486 491
    • (1977) Chest , vol.71 , pp. 486-491
    • Behar, S.1    Schor, S.2    Kariv, I.3
  • 83
    • 0017119047 scopus 로고
    • First electrocardiogram in recent myocardial infarction
    • J. McGuinness, T. Begg, and T. Semple First electrocardiogram in recent myocardial infarction BMJ 2 1976 449 451
    • (1976) BMJ , vol.2 , pp. 449-451
    • McGuinness, J.1    Begg, T.2    Semple, T.3
  • 84
    • 0028890970 scopus 로고
    • A rapid diagnostic and treatment center for patients with chest pain in the emergency department
    • W. Gibler, J. Runyon, and R. Levy A rapid diagnostic and treatment center for patients with chest pain in the emergency department Ann Emerg Med 25 1995 1 8
    • (1995) Ann Emerg Med , vol.25 , pp. 1-8
    • Gibler, W.1    Runyon, J.2    Levy, R.3
  • 85
    • 0026473972 scopus 로고
    • Serial ECGs are less accurate than serial CK-MB results for emergency department diagnosis of myocardial infarction
    • J. Hedges, G. Young, and G. Henkel Serial ECGs are less accurate than serial CK-MB results for emergency department diagnosis of myocardial infarction Ann Emerg Med 21 1992 1445 1450
    • (1992) Ann Emerg Med , vol.21 , pp. 1445-1450
    • Hedges, J.1    Young, G.2    Henkel, G.3
  • 86
    • 0031808827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of chest pain in low-risk patients presenting to the emergency department: The role of immediate exercise testing
    • J. Kirk, S. Turnipseed, and W. Lewis Evaluation of chest pain in low-risk patients presenting to the emergency department: the role of immediate exercise testing Ann Emerg Med 32 1998 1 7
    • (1998) Ann Emerg Med , vol.32 , pp. 1-7
    • Kirk, J.1    Turnipseed, S.2    Lewis, W.3
  • 87
    • 0032716498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immediate exercise testing of low-risk patients with known coronary artery disease presenting to the emergency department with chest pain
    • W. Lewis, E. Amsterdam, and S. Turnipseed Immediate exercise testing of low-risk patients with known coronary artery disease presenting to the emergency department with chest pain J Am Coll Cardiol 33 1999 1843 1847
    • (1999) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.33 , pp. 1843-1847
    • Lewis, W.1    Amsterdam, E.2    Turnipseed, S.3
  • 88
    • 0025934439 scopus 로고
    • Safety of immediate treadmill testing in selected emergency department patients with chest pain: A preliminary report
    • J. Tsakonis, R. Shesser, and R. Rosenthal Safety of immediate treadmill testing in selected emergency department patients with chest pain: a preliminary report Am J Emerg Med 9 1991 557 559
    • (1991) Am J Emerg Med , vol.9 , pp. 557-559
    • Tsakonis, J.1    Shesser, R.2    Rosenthal, R.3
  • 89
    • 0027166982 scopus 로고
    • Emergency cardiac stress testing in the evaluation of emergency department patients with atypical chest pain
    • J. Kerns, T. Shaub, and P. Fontanarosa Emergency cardiac stress testing in the evaluation of emergency department patients with atypical chest pain Ann Emerg Med 22 1993 794 798
    • (1993) Ann Emerg Med , vol.22 , pp. 794-798
    • Kerns, J.1    Shaub, T.2    Fontanarosa, P.3
  • 90
    • 0020062741 scopus 로고
    • Creatine kinase and creatine kinase B-subunit activity in serum in cases of suspected myocardial infarction
    • W. Gerhardt, J. Waldenstrom, and M. Horder Creatine kinase and creatine kinase B-subunit activity in serum in cases of suspected myocardial infarction Clin Chem 28 1982 277 283
    • (1982) Clin Chem , vol.28 , pp. 277-283
    • Gerhardt, W.1    Waldenstrom, J.2    Horder, M.3
  • 91
    • 0021273410 scopus 로고
    • The value of serum myoglobin determinations in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction
    • L. Roxin, I. Cullhed, and T. Groth The value of serum myoglobin determinations in the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction Acta Med Scand 215 1984 417 425
    • (1984) Acta Med Scand , vol.215 , pp. 417-425
    • Roxin, L.1    Cullhed, I.2    Groth, T.3
  • 92
    • 3042809549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delta creatinine kinase-MB outperforms myoglobin at two hours during emergency department identification and exclusion troponin positive non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes
    • F. Fesmire, R. Christenson, and T. Feintuch Delta creatinine kinase-MB outperforms myoglobin at two hours during emergency department identification and exclusion troponin positive non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes Ann Emerg Med 44 2004 12 19
    • (2004) Ann Emerg Med , vol.44 , pp. 12-19
    • Fesmire, F.1    Christenson, R.2    Feintuch, T.3
  • 93
    • 0035930101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ability of minor elevations of troponins I and T to predict benefit from an early invasive strategy in patients with unstable angina or non-ST elevation myocardial infarction: Results from a randomized trial
    • D. Morrow, C. Cannon, and N. Rifai Ability of minor elevations of troponins I and T to predict benefit from an early invasive strategy in patients with unstable angina or non-ST elevation myocardial infarction: results from a randomized trial JAMA 286 2001 2405 2412
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.286 , pp. 2405-2412
    • Morrow, D.1    Cannon, C.2    Rifai, N.3
  • 94
    • 0037446170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of isolated troponin elevation across the spectrum of chest pain syndromes
    • S. Rao, E. Ohman, and C. Granger Prognostic value of isolated troponin elevation across the spectrum of chest pain syndromes Am J Cardiol 91 2003 936 940
    • (2003) Am J Cardiol , vol.91 , pp. 936-940
    • Rao, S.1    Ohman, E.2    Granger, C.3
  • 95
    • 0035749810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Troponins in patients with acute coronary syndromes: Biologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic implications
    • D. Morrow Troponins in patients with acute coronary syndromes: biologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic implications Cardiovasc Toxicol 1 2001 105 110
    • (2001) Cardiovasc Toxicol , vol.1 , pp. 105-110
    • Morrow, D.1
  • 96
    • 0037182780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Troponin t levels in patients with acute coronary syndromes, with or without renal dysfunction
    • R. Aviles, A. Askari, and B. Lindahl Troponin t levels in patients with acute coronary syndromes, with or without renal dysfunction N Engl J Med 346 2002 2047 2052
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 2047-2052
    • Aviles, R.1    Askari, A.2    Lindahl, B.3
  • 97
    • 0028874946 scopus 로고
    • Myoglobin in the early evaluation of acute chest pain
    • C. Montague, and T. Kircher Myoglobin in the early evaluation of acute chest pain Am J Clin Pathol 104 1995 472 476
    • (1995) Am J Clin Pathol , vol.104 , pp. 472-476
    • Montague, C.1    Kircher, T.2
  • 98
    • 0033555908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in patients without ST-segment elevation
    • M. Kontos, F. Anderson, and K. Schmidt Early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in patients without ST-segment elevation Am J Cardiol 83 1999 155 158
    • (1999) Am J Cardiol , vol.83 , pp. 155-158
    • Kontos, M.1    Anderson, F.2    Schmidt, K.3
  • 99
    • 0029143965 scopus 로고
    • Increased soluble form of P-selectin in patients with unstable angina
    • H. Ikeda, Y. Takajo, and K. Ichiki Increased soluble form of P-selectin in patients with unstable angina Circulation 92 1995 1693 1696
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 1693-1696
    • Ikeda, H.1    Takajo, Y.2    Ichiki, K.3
  • 100
    • 0029116866 scopus 로고
    • Can the risk for acute cardiac events inacute coronary syndromes be indicated by platelet membrane activation marker P-selectin?
    • T. Itoh, K. Nakai, and M. Ono Can the risk for acute cardiac events inacute coronary syndromes be indicated by platelet membrane activation marker P-selectin? Coron Artery Dis 6 1995 645 650
    • (1995) Coron Artery Dis , vol.6 , pp. 645-650
    • Itoh, T.1    Nakai, K.2    Ono, M.3
  • 101
    • 3242772924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-sensitivity C-reactive protein: Clinical importance
    • S. Bassuk, N. Rifai, and P. Ridker High-sensitivity C-reactive protein: clinical importance Curr Probl Cardiol 29 2004 439 493
    • (2004) Curr Probl Cardiol , vol.29 , pp. 439-493
    • Bassuk, S.1    Rifai, N.2    Ridker, P.3
  • 102
    • 4644349898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of a single measurement of troponin-I and C-reactive protein at admission in 1773 consecutive patients with acute coronary syndromes
    • L. Oltrona, F. Ottani, and M. Galvani Clinical significance of a single measurement of troponin-I and C-reactive protein at admission in 1773 consecutive patients with acute coronary syndromes Am Heart J 148 2004 405 415
    • (2004) Am Heart J , vol.148 , pp. 405-415
    • Oltrona, L.1    Ottani, F.2    Galvani, M.3
  • 103
    • 2942721387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Markers of inflammation and multiple complex stenoses (pancoronary plaque vulnerability) in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes
    • P. Avanzas, R. Arroyo-Espliguero, and J. Cosin-Sales Markers of inflammation and multiple complex stenoses (pancoronary plaque vulnerability) in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes Heart 90 2004 847 852
    • (2004) Heart , vol.90 , pp. 847-852
    • Avanzas, P.1    Arroyo-Espliguero, R.2    Cosin-Sales, J.3
  • 104
    • 10344231441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory markers and risk of coronary heart disease in men and women
    • J. Pai, T. Pischon, and J. Ma Inflammatory markers and risk of coronary heart disease in men and women N Engl J Med 351 2004 2599 2610
    • (2004) N Engl J Med , vol.351 , pp. 2599-2610
    • Pai, J.1    Pischon, T.2    Ma, J.3
  • 105
    • 0035807597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prognostic value of B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with acute coronary syndromes
    • J. de Lemos, D. Morrow, and J. Bentley The prognostic value of B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with acute coronary syndromes N Engl J Med 345 2001 1014 1021
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 1014-1021
    • De Lemos, J.1    Morrow, D.2    Bentley, J.3
  • 106
    • 4444377332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of pregnancy-associated plasma protein a as a prognostic indicator in acute coronary syndrome patients
    • O. Laterza, S. Cameron, and D. Chappell Evaluation of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A as a prognostic indicator in acute coronary syndrome patients Clin Chim Acta 348 2004 163 169
    • (2004) Clin Chim Acta , vol.348 , pp. 163-169
    • Laterza, O.1    Cameron, S.2    Chappell, D.3
  • 107
    • 10744226950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum amyloid a as a predictor of coronary artery disease and cardiovascular outcome in women: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-Sponsored Women's ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE)
    • B. Johnson, K. Kip, and O. Marroquin Serum amyloid A as a predictor of coronary artery disease and cardiovascular outcome in women: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-Sponsored Women's ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Circulation 109 2004 726 732
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 726-732
    • Johnson, B.1    Kip, K.2    Marroquin, O.3
  • 108
    • 0142089171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of myeloperoxidase in patients with chest pain
    • M. Brennan, M. Penn, and F. Van Lente Prognostic value of myeloperoxidase in patients with chest pain N Engl J Med 349 2003 1595 1604
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.349 , pp. 1595-1604
    • Brennan, M.1    Penn, M.2    Van Lente, F.3
  • 109
    • 0142057430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutathione peroxidase 1 activity and cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease
    • S. Blankenberg, H. Rupprecht, and C. Bickel Glutathione peroxidase 1 activity and cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease N Engl J Med 349 2003 1605 1613
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.349 , pp. 1605-1613
    • Blankenberg, S.1    Rupprecht, H.2    Bickel, C.3
  • 110
    • 1642581019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of placental growth factor in patients with acute chest pain
    • C. Heeschen, S. Dimmeler, and S. Fichtlscherer Prognostic value of placental growth factor in patients with acute chest pain JAMA 291 2004 435 441
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 435-441
    • Heeschen, C.1    Dimmeler, S.2    Fichtlscherer, S.3
  • 111
    • 5444250138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of inflammation in acute coronary syndromes assessed by levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and soluble vascular-cell adhesion molecule
    • K. Nomoto, S. Oguchi, and I. Watanabe Involvement of inflammation in acute coronary syndromes assessed by levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and soluble vascular-cell adhesion molecule J Cardiol 42 2003 201 206
    • (2003) J Cardiol , vol.42 , pp. 201-206
    • Nomoto, K.1    Oguchi, S.2    Watanabe, I.3
  • 112
    • 0037432168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and long-term clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes
    • J. de Lemos, D. Morrow, and M. Sabatine Association between plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and long-term clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes Circulation 107 2003 690 695
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , pp. 690-695
    • De Lemos, J.1    Morrow, D.2    Sabatine, M.3
  • 113
    • 0037117649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multimarker approach to risk stratification in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes: Simultaneous assessment of troponin I, C-reactive protein, and B-type natriuretic peptide
    • M.S. Sabatine, D.A. Morrow, and J.A. de Lemos Multimarker approach to risk stratification in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes: simultaneous assessment of troponin I, C-reactive protein, and B-type natriuretic peptide Circulation 105 2002 1760 1763
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 1760-1763
    • Sabatine, M.S.1    Morrow, D.A.2    De Lemos, J.A.3
  • 114
    • 0031951926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical utility of troponin T levels and echocardiography in the emergency department
    • E.R. Mohler III, T. Ryan, and D. Segar Clinical utility of troponin T levels and echocardiography in the emergency department Am Heart J 135 1998 253 260
    • (1998) Am Heart J , vol.135 , pp. 253-260
    • Mohler III, E.R.1    Ryan, T.2    Segar, D.3
  • 115
    • 0037021550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial perfusion imaging for evaluation and triage of patients with suspected acute cardiac ischemia
    • J. Udelson, J. Beshansky, and D. Ballin Myocardial perfusion imaging for evaluation and triage of patients with suspected acute cardiac ischemia JAMA 288 2002 2693 2700
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 2693-2700
    • Udelson, J.1    Beshansky, J.2    Ballin, D.3
  • 116
    • 0022544289 scopus 로고
    • Changes in systemic vascular resistance detected by the arterial resistometer: Preliminary report of a new method tested during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
    • R. Mohr, S. Rath, and O. Meir Changes in systemic vascular resistance detected by the arterial resistometer: preliminary report of a new method tested during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty Circulation 74 1986 780 785
    • (1986) Circulation , vol.74 , pp. 780-785
    • Mohr, R.1    Rath, S.2    Meir, O.3
  • 117
    • 0023192801 scopus 로고
    • A method for continuous on-line monitoring of systemic vascular resistance (COMS) after open heart procedures
    • R. Mohr, O. Meir, and A. Smolinsky A method for continuous on-line monitoring of systemic vascular resistance (COMS) after open heart procedures J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 28 1987 558 565
    • (1987) J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) , vol.28 , pp. 558-565
    • Mohr, R.1    Meir, O.2    Smolinsky, A.3
  • 118
    • 0026519259 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between myocardial ischemia and changes in arterial resistance during coronary bypass surgery
    • R. Mohr, I. Dinbar, and Y. Bar-El Correlation between myocardial ischemia and changes in arterial resistance during coronary bypass surgery J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 6 1992 33 41
    • (1992) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth , vol.6 , pp. 33-41
    • Mohr, R.1    Dinbar, I.2    Bar-El, Y.3
  • 119
    • 0029960296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac efficiency during coronary occlusion and during reperfusion after emergency revascularization under cardioprotection
    • M. Kantartzis, U. Sunderdiek, and W. Bircks Cardiac efficiency during coronary occlusion and during reperfusion after emergency revascularization under cardioprotection Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 44 1996 20 26
    • (1996) Thorac Cardiovasc Surg , vol.44 , pp. 20-26
    • Kantartzis, M.1    Sunderdiek, U.2    Bircks, W.3
  • 120
    • 21644474255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of chest pain of non-cardiac origin at the emergency room by a new non-invasive device avoiding unnecessary admission to hospital
    • M. Gorenberg, A. Marmor, and H. Rotstein Detection of chest pain of non-cardiac origin at the emergency room by a new non-invasive device avoiding unnecessary admission to hospital Emerg Med J 22 2005 486 489
    • (2005) Emerg Med J , vol.22 , pp. 486-489
    • Gorenberg, M.1    Marmor, A.2    Rotstein, H.3
  • 121
    • 0028294179 scopus 로고
    • Impact of the acute cardiac ischemia time-insensitive predictive instrument (ACI-TIPI) on the speed of triage decision making for emergency department patients presenting with chest pain
    • F.P. Sarasin, J.M. Reymond, and J.L. Griffith Impact of the acute cardiac ischemia time-insensitive predictive instrument (ACI-TIPI) on the speed of triage decision making for emergency department patients presenting with chest pain J Gen Intern Med 9 1994 187 194
    • (1994) J Gen Intern Med , vol.9 , pp. 187-194
    • Sarasin, F.P.1    Reymond, J.M.2    Griffith, J.L.3
  • 122
    • 0022640774 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of intravenous thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction
    • Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio Della Streptochinasi Nell'Infarcto Miocardico (GISSI) Effectiveness of intravenous thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction Lancet 1 1986 397 401
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 397-401
  • 123
    • 0028039957 scopus 로고
    • Indications for fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction: Collaborative overview of early mortality and major morbidity results from all randomized trials of more than 1000 patients
    • Fibrinolytic Therapy Trialists' (FTT) Collaborative Group
    • Fibrinolytic Therapy Trialists' (FTT) Collaborative Group Indications for fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction: collaborative overview of early mortality and major morbidity results from all randomized trials of more than 1000 patients Lancet 343 1994 311 322
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.343 , pp. 311-322
  • 126
    • 85006185125 scopus 로고
    • 60 Minutes to Treatment Working Group. Emergency department: Rapid identification and treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction
    • National Heart Attack Alert Program Coordinating Committee 60 Minutes to Treatment Working Group. Emergency department: rapid identification and treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction Ann Emerg Med 23 1994 311 329
    • (1994) Ann Emerg Med , vol.23 , pp. 311-329
  • 127
    • 0028887779 scopus 로고
    • Emergency medical dispatching: Rapid identification and treatment of acute myocardial infarction
    • National Heart Attack Alert Program Coordinating Committee Access to Care Subcommittee Emergency medical dispatching: rapid identification and treatment of acute myocardial infarction Am J Emerg Med 13 1995 67 73
    • (1995) Am J Emerg Med , vol.13 , pp. 67-73
  • 128
    • 0028969396 scopus 로고
    • 9-1-1: Rapid identification and treatment of acute myocardial infarction
    • National Heart Attack Alert Program Coordinating Committee Access to Care Subcommittee 9-1-1: rapid identification and treatment of acute myocardial infarction Am J Emerg Med 13 1995 188 195
    • (1995) Am J Emerg Med , vol.13 , pp. 188-195
  • 129
    • 0028005377 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of myocardial infarction in the United States (1990 to 1993) observations from the national registry of myocardial infarction
    • W.J. Rogers, L.J. Bowlby, and N.C. Chandra Treatment of myocardial infarction in the United States (1990 to 1993) observations from the national registry of myocardial infarction Circulation 90 1994 2103 2114
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , pp. 2103-2114
    • Rogers, W.J.1    Bowlby, L.J.2    Chandra, N.C.3
  • 130
    • 0031709510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Access to timely and optimal care of patients with acute coronary syndromes - Community planning considerations: A report by the National Heart Attack Alert Program
    • National Heart Attack Alert Program Coordinating Committee Access to Care Subcommittee Access to timely and optimal care of patients with acute coronary syndromes - community planning considerations: a report by the National Heart Attack Alert Program J Thromb Thrombolysis 6 1998 19 36
    • (1998) J Thromb Thrombolysis , vol.6 , pp. 19-36
  • 131
    • 0031709887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Heart Attack Alert Program Coordinating Committee Working Group on Educational Strategies to Prevent Prehospital Delay in Patients at High Risk for Acute Myocardial Infarction. Educational strategies to prevent prehospital delay in patients at high risk for acute myocardial infarction: A report by the National Heart Attack Alert Program
    • National Heart Attack Alert Program Coordinating Committee Working Group on Educational Strategies to Prevent Prehospital Delay in Patients at High Risk for Acute Myocardial Infarction. Educational strategies to prevent prehospital delay in patients at high risk for acute myocardial infarction: a report by the National Heart Attack Alert Program J Thromb Thrombolysis 6 1998 47 61
    • (1998) J Thromb Thrombolysis , vol.6 , pp. 47-61
  • 132
    • 0028914981 scopus 로고
    • Link between the angiographic substudy and mortality outcomes in a large randomized trial of myocardial reperfusion: Importance of early and complete infarct artery reperfusion
    • R.J. Sims, E.J. Topol, and D.R. Holmes Link between the angiographic substudy and mortality outcomes in a large randomized trial of myocardial reperfusion: importance of early and complete infarct artery reperfusion Circulation 91 1995 1923 1928
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.91 , pp. 1923-1928
    • Sims, R.J.1    Topol, E.J.2    Holmes, D.R.3
  • 133
    • 0033621148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1999 update: ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction: Executive summary and recommendations: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction)
    • T.J. Ryan, E.M. Antman, and N.H. Brooks 1999 update: ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction: executive summary and recommendations: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction) Circulation 100 1999 1016 1030
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.100 , pp. 1016-1030
    • Ryan, T.J.1    Antman, E.M.2    Brooks, N.H.3
  • 134
    • 0033662123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal trends in the treatment of over 1.5 million patients with myocardial infarction in the US from 1990 through 1999
    • for the Investigators in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 1, 2, and 3 C.T.
    • W.J. Rogers, J.G. Canto, C.T. Lambrew for the Investigators in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 1, 2, and 3 Temporal trends in the treatment of over 1.5 million patients with myocardial infarction in the US from 1990 through 1999 J Am Coll Cardiol 36 2000 2056 2063
    • (2000) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.36 , pp. 2056-2063
    • Rogers, W.J.1    Canto, J.G.2    Lambrew3
  • 135
    • 0034089567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors associated with delay in reperfusion therapy in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction: Analysis of the cooperative cardiovascular project
    • A.K. Berger, M.J. Radford, and H.M. Krumholtz Factors associated with delay in reperfusion therapy in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction: analysis of the cooperative cardiovascular project Am Heart J 139 2000 985 992
    • (2000) Am Heart J , vol.139 , pp. 985-992
    • Berger, A.K.1    Radford, M.J.2    Krumholtz, H.M.3
  • 136
    • 0037118683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the electrocardiograph-based thrombolytic predictive instrument to assist thrombolytic and reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction: A multicenter randomized clinical effectiveness trial
    • for the TPI Trial Investigators J.L.
    • H.P. Selker, J.R. Beshansky, J.L. Griffith for the TPI Trial Investigators Use of the electrocardiograph-based thrombolytic predictive instrument to assist thrombolytic and reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction: a multicenter randomized clinical effectiveness trial Ann Intern Med 137 2002 87 95
    • (2002) Ann Intern Med , vol.137 , pp. 87-95
    • Selker, H.P.1    Beshansky, J.R.2    Griffith3
  • 137
    • 0032584114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction in the United States. Data from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2
    • for the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 Investigators T.
    • H.V. Barron, L.J. Bowlby, T. Breen for the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 Investigators Use of reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction in the United States. Data from the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 Circulation 97 1998 1150 1156
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.97 , pp. 1150-1156
    • Barron, H.V.1    Bowlby, L.J.2    Breen3
  • 138
    • 0026038489 scopus 로고
    • Impact of physician experience on triage of emergency room patients with acute chest pain at three teaching hospitals
    • H. Ting, T. Lee, and J. Soukup Impact of physician experience on triage of emergency room patients with acute chest pain at three teaching hospitals Am J Med 91 1991 401 408
    • (1991) Am J Med , vol.91 , pp. 401-408
    • Ting, H.1    Lee, T.2    Soukup, J.3
  • 139
    • 0037125375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of a clinical decision rule on hospital triage of patients with suspected acute cardiac ischemia in the emergency department
    • B. Reilly, A. Evans, and J. Schaider Impact of a clinical decision rule on hospital triage of patients with suspected acute cardiac ischemia in the emergency department JAMA 288 2002 342 350
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 342-350
    • Reilly, B.1    Evans, A.2    Schaider, J.3
  • 140
    • 0030061822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective validation of artificial neural network trained to identify acute myocardial infarction
    • W. Baxt, and J. Skora Prospective validation of artificial neural network trained to identify acute myocardial infarction Lancet 347 1996 12 15
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 12-15
    • Baxt, W.1    Skora, J.2
  • 141
    • 0037118683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the electrocardiograph-based thrombolytic predictive instrument to assist thrombolytic and reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction
    • H. Selker, J. Beshansky, and J. Griffith Use of the electrocardiograph- based thrombolytic predictive instrument to assist thrombolytic and reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction Ann Intern Med 137 2002 87 95
    • (2002) Ann Intern Med , vol.137 , pp. 87-95
    • Selker, H.1    Beshansky, J.2    Griffith, J.3
  • 142
    • 0027126209 scopus 로고
    • Coronary heart disease incidence, by sex - United States, 1971-1987
    • Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Coronary heart disease incidence, by sex - United States, 1971-1987 MMWR Morb Mort Wkly Rep 41 1992 526 529
    • (1992) MMWR Morb Mort Wkly Rep , vol.41 , pp. 526-529
  • 144
    • 0020595863 scopus 로고
    • Computer-assisted diagnosis in the noninvasive evaluation of patients with suspected coronary artery disease
    • G. Diamond, H. Staniloff, and J. Forrester Computer-assisted diagnosis in the noninvasive evaluation of patients with suspected coronary artery disease J Am Coll Cardiol 1 1983 444 455
    • (1983) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.1 , pp. 444-455
    • Diamond, G.1    Staniloff, H.2    Forrester, J.3
  • 145
    • 0033133596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study: Protocol design, methodology and feasibility report
    • C. Merz, S. Kelsey, and C. Pepine The Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study: protocol design, methodology and feasibility report J Am Coll Cardiol 33 1999 1453 1461
    • (1999) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.33 , pp. 1453-1461
    • Merz, C.1    Kelsey, S.2    Pepine, C.3
  • 146
    • 0019951906 scopus 로고
    • The clinical spectrum of coronary artery disease and its surgical and medical management, 1974-1979. the Coronary Artery Surgery study
    • J. Kennedy, T. Killip, and L. Fisher The clinical spectrum of coronary artery disease and its surgical and medical management, 1974-1979. The Coronary Artery Surgery study Circulation 66 1982 III16 III23
    • (1982) Circulation , vol.66
    • Kennedy, J.1    Killip, T.2    Fisher, L.3
  • 147
    • 10044225734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic review: Transient left ventricular apical ballooning: A syndrome that mimics ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
    • K. Bybee, T. Kara, and A. Prasad Systemic review: transient left ventricular apical ballooning: a syndrome that mimics ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction Ann Intern Med 141 2004 858 865
    • (2004) Ann Intern Med , vol.141 , pp. 858-865
    • Bybee, K.1    Kara, T.2    Prasad, A.3
  • 148
    • 0030590027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evaluation of chest pain in women
    • P. Douglas, and G. Ginsburg The evaluation of chest pain in women N Engl J Med 334 1996 1311 1315
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.334 , pp. 1311-1315
    • Douglas, P.1    Ginsburg, G.2
  • 149
    • 0030981007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospital mortality in women and men with acute cardiac ischemia: A prospective multicenter study
    • B. Coronado, J. Griffith, and J. Beshansky Hospital mortality in women and men with acute cardiac ischemia: a prospective multicenter study J Am Coll Cardiol 29 1997 1490 1496
    • (1997) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.29 , pp. 1490-1496
    • Coronado, B.1    Griffith, J.2    Beshansky, J.3
  • 150
    • 0033595079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex-based differences in early mortality after myocardial infarction. National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 participants
    • V. Vaccarino, L. Parsons, and N. Every Sex-based differences in early mortality after myocardial infarction. National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 participants N Engl J Med 341 1999 217 225
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.341 , pp. 217-225
    • Vaccarino, V.1    Parsons, L.2    Every, N.3
  • 151
    • 0032578496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Better outcome for women compared with men undergoing coronary revascularization: A report from the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI)
    • A. Jacobs, S. Kelsey, and M. Brooks Better outcome for women compared with men undergoing coronary revascularization: a report from the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) Circulation 98 1998 1279 1285
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.98 , pp. 1279-1285
    • Jacobs, A.1    Kelsey, S.2    Brooks, M.3
  • 152
    • 0032125736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of gender on coronary bypass operative mortality
    • F. Edwards, J. Carey, and F. Grover Impact of gender on coronary bypass operative mortality Ann Thorac Surg 66 1998 125 131
    • (1998) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.66 , pp. 125-131
    • Edwards, F.1    Carey, J.2    Grover, F.3
  • 153
    • 0034638481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in prognostic factors and outcomes between women and men undergoing coronary artery stenting
    • J. Mehilli, A. Kastrati, and J. Dirschinger Differences in prognostic factors and outcomes between women and men undergoing coronary artery stenting JAMA 284 2000 1799 1805
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.284 , pp. 1799-1805
    • Mehilli, J.1    Kastrati, A.2    Dirschinger, J.3
  • 154
    • 10244237721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of sex on the use of cardiac procedures in patients presenting to the emergency department: A prospective multicenter study
    • C. Maynard, J. Beshansky, and J. Griffith Influence of sex on the use of cardiac procedures in patients presenting to the emergency department: a prospective multicenter study Circulation 94 1996 II93 II98
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.94
    • Maynard, C.1    Beshansky, J.2    Griffith, J.3
  • 155
    • 0025787006 scopus 로고
    • Differences in the use of procedures between women and men hospitalized for coronary heart disease
    • J. Ayanian, and A. Epstein Differences in the use of procedures between women and men hospitalized for coronary heart disease N Engl J Med 325 1991 221 225
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 221-225
    • Ayanian, J.1    Epstein, A.2
  • 156
    • 0027534579 scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up of patients initially diagnosed as syndrome X
    • F. Romeo, G. Rosano, and E. Martuscelli Long-term follow-up of patients initially diagnosed as syndrome X Am J Cardiol 71 1993 669 673
    • (1993) Am J Cardiol , vol.71 , pp. 669-673
    • Romeo, F.1    Rosano, G.2    Martuscelli, E.3
  • 157
    • 0028204981 scopus 로고
    • Chest pain in women: Clinical, investigative, and prognostic features
    • A. Sullivan, D. Holdright, and C. Wright Chest pain in women: clinical, investigative, and prognostic features BMJ 308 1994 883 886
    • (1994) BMJ , vol.308 , pp. 883-886
    • Sullivan, A.1    Holdright, D.2    Wright, C.3
  • 158
    • 0028946396 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac syndrome X: Clinical characteristics and left ventricular function. Long-term follow-up study
    • J. Kaski, G. Rosano, and P. Collins Cardiac syndrome X: clinical characteristics and left ventricular function. Long-term follow-up study J Am Coll Cardiol 25 1995 807 814
    • (1995) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.25 , pp. 807-814
    • Kaski, J.1    Rosano, G.2    Collins, P.3
  • 159
    • 10744220848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women's Ischemic Syndrome Evaluation: Current status and future research directions: Report of the National heart, Lung and Blood Institute workshop
    • N. Bairey Merz, R.O. Bonow, and G. Sopko Women's Ischemic Syndrome Evaluation: current status and future research directions: report of the National heart, Lung and Blood Institute workshop Circulation 109 2002 805 807
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 805-807
    • Bairey Merz, N.1    Bonow, R.O.2    Sopko, G.3
  • 160
    • 0022656719 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality in the sexes: A 26-year follow-up of the Framingham population
    • D. Lerner, and W. Kannel Patterns of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality in the sexes: a 26-year follow-up of the Framingham population Am Heart J 111 1986 383 390
    • (1986) Am Heart J , vol.111 , pp. 383-390
    • Lerner, D.1    Kannel, W.2
  • 161
    • 0025029361 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of coronary heart disease in Scotland: Scottish Heart Health Study
    • W. Smith, M. Kenicer, and H. Tunstall-Pedoe Prevalence of coronary heart disease in Scotland: Scottish Heart Health Study Br Heart J 64 1990 295 298
    • (1990) Br Heart J , vol.64 , pp. 295-298
    • Smith, W.1    Kenicer, M.2    Tunstall-Pedoe, H.3
  • 162
    • 0021881712 scopus 로고
    • Coronary heart disease in residents of Rochester, Minnesota, V: Prognosis of patients with CAD based on initial manifestation
    • L. Elveback, and D. Connolly Coronary heart disease in residents of Rochester, Minnesota, V: prognosis of patients with CAD based on initial manifestation Mayo Clin Proc 60 1985 305 331
    • (1985) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.60 , pp. 305-331
    • Elveback, L.1    Connolly, D.2
  • 163
    • 0027743404 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for coronary heart disease among older men and women: A prospective study of community-dwelling elderly
    • T. Seeman, C. Mendes de Leon, and L. Berkman Risk factors for coronary heart disease among older men and women: a prospective study of community-dwelling elderly Am J Epidemiol 138 1993 1037 1049
    • (1993) Am J Epidemiol , vol.138 , pp. 1037-1049
    • Seeman, T.1    Mendes De Leon, C.2    Berkman, L.3
  • 164
    • 0001701846 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of women with acute MI: New findings from the MITI Registry
    • C. Maynard, and W. Weaver Treatment of women with acute MI: new findings from the MITI Registry J Myocard Ischemia 4 1992 27 37
    • (1992) J Myocard Ischemia , vol.4 , pp. 27-37
    • Maynard, C.1    Weaver, W.2
  • 165
    • 0025774361 scopus 로고
    • Differences in the impact and management of heart disease between older women and men
    • P. Sharpe, N. Clark, and N. Janz Differences in the impact and management of heart disease between older women and men Women Health 17 1991 25 34
    • (1991) Women Health , vol.17 , pp. 25-34
    • Sharpe, P.1    Clark, N.2    Janz, N.3
  • 166
    • 0024424675 scopus 로고
    • The effect of gender on the probability of myocardial infarction among emergency department patients with acute chest pain
    • M. Cunningham, T. Lee, and E. Cook The effect of gender on the probability of myocardial infarction among emergency department patients with acute chest pain J Gen Intern Med 4 1989 392 398
    • (1989) J Gen Intern Med , vol.4 , pp. 392-398
    • Cunningham, M.1    Lee, T.2    Cook, E.3
  • 167
    • 0023100493 scopus 로고
    • Sex differential in the relationship of electrocardiographic ST-T abnormalities to risk of coronary death: 11.5 year follow-up findings of the Chicago heart association detection project in industry
    • Y. Liao, K. Lui, and A. Dyer Sex differential in the relationship of electrocardiographic ST-T abnormalities to risk of coronary death: 11.5 year follow-up findings of the Chicago heart association detection project in industry Circulation 75 1987 347 352
    • (1987) Circulation , vol.75 , pp. 347-352
    • Liao, Y.1    Lui, K.2    Dyer, A.3
  • 168
    • 0028012334 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, clinical features, and acute course of atypical myocardial infarction
    • L. Lusiani, A. Perrone, and R. Pesavento Prevalence, clinical features, and acute course of atypical myocardial infarction Angiology 45 1994 49 55
    • (1994) Angiology , vol.45 , pp. 49-55
    • Lusiani, L.1    Perrone, A.2    Pesavento, R.3
  • 169
    • 0025174905 scopus 로고
    • Differences between women and men in survival after myocardial infarction: Biology or methodology?
    • N. Fiebach, C. Viscoli, and R. Horwitz Differences between women and men in survival after myocardial infarction: biology or methodology? JAMA 263 1990 1092 1096
    • (1990) JAMA , vol.263 , pp. 1092-1096
    • Fiebach, N.1    Viscoli, C.2    Horwitz, R.3
  • 170
    • 0023907778 scopus 로고
    • Acute myocardial infarction in women: Influence of gender on mortality and prognostic variables
    • H. Dittrich, E. Gilpin, and P. Nicod Acute myocardial infarction in women: influence of gender on mortality and prognostic variables Am J Cardiol 62 1988 1 7
    • (1988) Am J Cardiol , vol.62 , pp. 1-7
    • Dittrich, H.1    Gilpin, E.2    Nicod, P.3
  • 171
    • 0025146608 scopus 로고
    • Risk of coronary heart disease in subjects with chest discomfort: The Framingham Heart Study
    • J.M. Murabito, K.M. Anderson, and W.B. Kannel Risk of coronary heart disease in subjects with chest discomfort: the Framingham Heart Study Am J Med 89 1990 297 302
    • (1990) Am J Med , vol.89 , pp. 297-302
    • Murabito, J.M.1    Anderson, K.M.2    Kannel, W.B.3
  • 172
    • 0036481455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Typical symptoms are predictive of acute coronary syndromes in women
    • K. Milner, M. Funk, and A. Arnold Typical symptoms are predictive of acute coronary syndromes in women Am Heart J 143 2002 283 288
    • (2002) Am Heart J , vol.143 , pp. 283-288
    • Milner, K.1    Funk, M.2    Arnold, A.3
  • 173
    • 0033566779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in symptom presentation associated with coronary heart disease
    • K. Milner, M. Funk, and S. Richards Gender differences in symptom presentation associated with coronary heart disease Am J Cardiol 84 1999 396 399
    • (1999) Am J Cardiol , vol.84 , pp. 396-399
    • Milner, K.1    Funk, M.2    Richards, S.3
  • 174
    • 0033931320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age and sex differences in presentation of symptoms among patients with acute coronary disease: The REACT trial
    • R. Goldberg, D. Goff, and L. Cooper Age and sex differences in presentation of symptoms among patients with acute coronary disease: the REACT trial Coron Artery Dis 11 2000 399 407
    • (2000) Coron Artery Dis , vol.11 , pp. 399-407
    • Goldberg, R.1    Goff, D.2    Cooper, L.3
  • 175
    • 0025730754 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of angina pectoris in syndrome X
    • A. Maseri, F. Crea, and J. Kaski Mechanisms of angina pectoris in syndrome X J Am Coll Cardiol 17 1991 499 506
    • (1991) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.17 , pp. 499-506
    • Maseri, A.1    Crea, F.2    Kaski, J.3
  • 176
    • 0037142007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal subendocardial perfusion in cardiac syndrome X detected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging
    • J. Panting, P. Gatehouse, and G. Yang Abnormal subendocardial perfusion in cardiac syndrome X detected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging N Engl J Med 346 2002 1948 1953
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 1948-1953
    • Panting, J.1    Gatehouse, P.2    Yang, G.3
  • 177
    • 0032490711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelial function in health and disease: New insights into the genesis of cardiovascular disease
    • A. Quyyumi Endothelial function in health and disease: new insights into the genesis of cardiovascular disease Am J Med 105 1998 32S 39S
    • (1998) Am J Med , vol.105
    • Quyyumi, A.1
  • 178
    • 10744229486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential expression of cardiac biomarkers by gender in patients with unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: A TACTICS-TIMI 18 substudy
    • S. Wiviott, C. Cannon, and D. Morrow Differential expression of cardiac biomarkers by gender in patients with unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a TACTICS-TIMI 18 substudy Circulation 109 2004 580 586
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 580-586
    • Wiviott, S.1    Cannon, C.2    Morrow, D.3
  • 179
    • 0037125399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women do have an improved long-term outcome after non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes treated very early and predominantly with percutaneous coronary intervention: A prospective study in 1,450 consecutive patients
    • C. Mueller, F. Neumann, and H. Roskamm Women do have an improved long-term outcome after non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes treated very early and predominantly with percutaneous coronary intervention: a prospective study in 1,450 consecutive patients J Am Coll Cardiol 40 2002 245 250
    • (2002) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.40 , pp. 245-250
    • Mueller, C.1    Neumann, F.2    Roskamm, H.3
  • 180
    • 0022607233 scopus 로고
    • Blacks in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS): Risk factors and coronary artery disease
    • C. Maynard, L. Fisher, and E. Passamani Blacks in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS): risk factors and coronary artery disease Circulation 74 1986 64 71
    • (1986) Circulation , vol.74 , pp. 64-71
    • Maynard, C.1    Fisher, L.2    Passamani, E.3
  • 181
    • 0026728352 scopus 로고
    • Comparability of risk factors for coronary artery disease among black and whites in the NHANES-I epidemiologic follow-up study
    • R. Cooper, and E. Ford Comparability of risk factors for coronary artery disease among black and whites in the NHANES-I epidemiologic follow-up study Ann Epidemiol 2 1992 637 645
    • (1992) Ann Epidemiol , vol.2 , pp. 637-645
    • Cooper, R.1    Ford, E.2
  • 182
    • 0027413003 scopus 로고
    • Effect of race on the presentation and management of patients with acute chest pain
    • P. Johnson, T. Lee, and E. Cook Effect of race on the presentation and management of patients with acute chest pain Ann Intern Med 118 1993 593 601
    • (1993) Ann Intern Med , vol.118 , pp. 593-601
    • Johnson, P.1    Lee, T.2    Cook, E.3
  • 183
    • 0013357741 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac anatomy and function in hypertensive blacks
    • W. Hall E. Sanders N. Shulman Year Book Medical Publishers Chicago (IL)
    • C. Curry, and J. Lewis Cardiac anatomy and function in hypertensive blacks W. Hall E. Sanders N. Shulman Hypertension in blacks 1985 Year Book Medical Publishers Chicago (IL) 61 67
    • (1985) Hypertension in Blacks , pp. 61-67
    • Curry, C.1    Lewis, J.2
  • 184
    • 0028037515 scopus 로고
    • Report of the NHLBI working group on research in coronary artery disease in blacks
    • C. Lenfant Report of the NHLBI working group on research in coronary artery disease in blacks Circulation 90 1994 1613 1623
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , pp. 1613-1623
    • Lenfant, C.1
  • 185
    • 0027194537 scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in the incidence of cardiac arrest and subsequent survival
    • L. Becker, B. Han, and P. Meyer Racial differences in the incidence of cardiac arrest and subsequent survival N Engl J Med 329 1993 600 606
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , pp. 600-606
    • Becker, L.1    Han, B.2    Meyer, P.3
  • 186
    • 0027275664 scopus 로고
    • Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Racial differences in outcome in Seattle
    • M. Cowie, C. Fahrenbruch, and L. Cobb Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: racial differences in outcome in Seattle Am J Public Health 83 1993 955 959
    • (1993) Am J Public Health , vol.83 , pp. 955-959
    • Cowie, M.1    Fahrenbruch, C.2    Cobb, L.3
  • 187
    • 3843085402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women's Ischemic Syndrome Evaluation: Current status and future research directions
    • A. Maseri Women's Ischemic Syndrome Evaluation: current status and future research directions Circulation 109 2004 e62 e63
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109
    • Maseri, A.1
  • 188
    • 0031252821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes of chest pain and symptoms suggestive of acute cardiac ischemia in African-American patients presenting to the emergency department: A multicenter study
    • C. Maynard, J. Beshansky, and J. Griffith Causes of chest pain and symptoms suggestive of acute cardiac ischemia in African-American patients presenting to the emergency department: a multicenter study J Natl Med Assoc 89 1997 665 671
    • (1997) J Natl Med Assoc , vol.89 , pp. 665-671
    • Maynard, C.1    Beshansky, J.2    Griffith, J.3
  • 190
    • 0028097184 scopus 로고
    • Error in medicine
    • L. Leale Error in medicine JAMA 272 1994 1851 1857
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.272 , pp. 1851-1857
    • Leale, L.1
  • 191
    • 0030998580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presentations of acute myocardial infarction in men and women
    • D. Zucker, J. Griffith, and J.R. Beshansky Presentations of acute myocardial infarction in men and women J Gen Intern Med 12 1997 79 87
    • (1997) J Gen Intern Med , vol.12 , pp. 79-87
    • Zucker, D.1    Griffith, J.2    Beshansky, J.R.3
  • 192
    • 0026773991 scopus 로고
    • Do patients' coronary risk factor reports predict acute cardiac ischemia in the emergency department? a multicenter study
    • R. Jayes, J. Beshansky, and R. D'Agostino Do patients' coronary risk factor reports predict acute cardiac ischemia in the emergency department? A multicenter study J Clin Epidemiol 45 1992 621 626
    • (1992) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.45 , pp. 621-626
    • Jayes, R.1    Beshansky, J.2    D'Agostino, R.3
  • 193
    • 9644263962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the initial diagnostic impression of "noncardiac chest pain" adequate to exclude cardiac disease?
    • C. Miller, C. Lindsell, and S. Khandelwal Is the initial diagnostic impression of "noncardiac chest pain" adequate to exclude cardiac disease? Ann Emerg Med 44 2004 565 574
    • (2004) Ann Emerg Med , vol.44 , pp. 565-574
    • Miller, C.1    Lindsell, C.2    Khandelwal, S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.