Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation: Part 3 - A prospective study of the clinical manifestation, diagnosis, management, and outcome of children with alantoaxial rotatory fixation

Neurosurgery

Volumn 57, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 954-971

  Pang, Dachling ^a,b,d   Li, Veetai ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b Kaiser Foundation Hospitals of Northern California   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO   (United States)

^d KAISER PERMANENTE MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Algorithm; Atlanto axial rotation; Delay of treatment; Management occiput C 1 laxity; Outcome; Recurrent fixation; Rotatory fixation; Torticollis

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; ATLANTOAXIAL SUBLUXATION; CHILD; CHRONIC DISEASE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MOTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; TORTICOLLIS; TRACTION THERAPY;

ADOLESCENT; ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINT; CERVICAL VERTEBRAE; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HEAD MOVEMENTS; HUMANS; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; MALE; MOTION; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; TIME FACTORS; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED; TORTICOLLIS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 27644517467     PISSN: 0148396X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1227/01.NEU.0000180052.81699.81     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Al-Etani H, D'Astous J, Letts M, Hanh M, Yeadon A: Masked rotatory subluxation of the atlas associated with fracture of the clavicle: A clinical and biomechanical analysis. Am J Orthop 5:375-380, 1988.
2. Altongy JF, Fielding JW: Combined atlanto-axial and occipito-atlantal rotatory subluxation. J Bone Joint Surg 72-A:923-926, 1990.
3. Burkus JK, Desponte RJ: Case Report. Chronic atlantoaxial rotatory fixation correction by cervical traction, manipulation, and bracing. J Pediatr Orthop 6:631-635, 1986.
4. Clark CR, Akthol MH, Walsh T, El-Khoury Y: Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation with compensatory counter occipitoatlantal subluxations. A case report. Spine 11:1048-1050, 1986.
5. Coutts MB: Atlanto-epiphyseal subluxation. Arch Surg 29:297-311, 1934.
6. Cowan IA, Inglis GS: Atlanto-axial rotatory fixation: Improved demonstration using spiral CT. Australasian Radiol 40:119-124, 1996.
7. Crockard HA, Rogers MA: Open reduction of traumatic atlanto-axial rotatory dislocation with use of the extreme lateral approach. J Bone Joint Surg Am 78:431-436, 1996.
8. Crossman JE, David K, Hayward R, Crockard HA: Open reduction of pediatric atlantoaxial rotatory fixation: Long-term outcome study with functional measurements. J Neurosurg Spine 100:235-240, 2004.
9. Crossman JE, Thompson D, Hayward RD, Ransford AO, Crockard HA: Recurrent atlantoaxial rotatory fixation in children: A rare complication of a rare condition. J Neurosurg Spine 100:307-311, 2004.
10. Eadie PA, Moran R, Fogarty EE, Edwards GE: Rotatory atlanto-axial subluxation following pharyngoplasty. Br J Plastic Surg 42:722-723, 1989.
11. Fielding JW, Hawkins RJ: Atlanto-axial rotatory fixation. J Bone Joint Surg 59:37-44, 1977.
12. Goddard NJ, Stabler J, Albert JS: Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation and fracture of the clavicle. An association and a classification. J Bone Joint Surg Br 72-B:72-75, 1990.
13. Goto S, Mochizuki M, Kita T, Murakami M, Nishigaki H, Moriya H: Transoral joint release of the dislocated atlantoaxial joints combined with posterior reduction and fusion for a late infantile atlantoaxial rotatory fixation: A case report. Spine 23:1485-1489, 1998.
14. Govender S, Kumar KP: Staged reduction and stabilisation in chronic atlantoaxial rotatory fixation. J Bone Joint Surg Br 84-B:727-731, 2002.
15. Greig DM: Clinical Observations on Surgical Pathology of Bone. London, Oliver & Boyd, 1931.
16. Grisel P: Enueleation de c'atlas et torticollis nasopharyngien. Presse Med 38:50-53, 1930.
17. Hicazi A, Acaroglu E, Alanay A, Yazici M, Surat A: Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation-subluxation revisited a computed tomographic analysis of acute torticollis in pediatric patients. Spine 27:2771-2775, 2000.
18. Hosono N, Yonenobu K, Tada K, Yoshikawa H: Lateral atlantoaxial joint arthrography in atlantoaxial rotatory fixation. J Spinal Disord Tech 16:216-220, 2003.
19. Jayakrishnan VK, Teasdale E: Torticollis due to atlanto-axial rotatory fixation following general anaesthesia. Br J Neurosurg 14:583-585, 2000.
20. Johnson DP, Fergusson CM: Early diagnosis of atlanto-axial rotatory fixation. J Bone Joint Surg Br 68-B:698-701, 1986.
21. Kawabe N, Hirotani H, Tanake O: Pathomechanism of atlanto-axial rotatory fixation in children. J Pediatr Orthop 9:569-574, 1989.
22. Lee SC, Lui TN, Lee TS: Atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation in skeletally immature patients. Br J Neurosurg 16:154-157, 2002.
23. Lee SL, Joyce S, Seeger J: Asymmetry of the odontoid-lateral mass interspaces: A radiographic finding of questionable clinical significance. Ann Emerg Med 5:1173-1176, 1986.
24. Lukhele M: Atlanto-axial rotatory fixation. S Afr Med J 86:1549-1552, 1996.
25. Maheshwaran S, Sgouros S, Jeyapalan K, Chapman S, Chandy J, Flint G: Imaging of childhood torticollis due to atlanto-axial rotatory fixation. Childs Nerv Syst 11:667-671, 1995.
26. McGuire KJ, Silber J, Flynn JM, Levine M, Dormans JP: Torticollis in children: Can dynamic computed tomography help determine severity and treatment. J Pediatr Orthop 22:766-770, 2002.
27. Mihara H, Onari K, Hachiya M, Toguchi A, Yamada K: Follow-up study of conservative treatment for atlantoaxial rotatory displacement. J Spinal Disord 14:494-499, 2001.
28. Muniz A, Belfer RA: Atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation in children. Pediatr Emerg Care 15:25-29, 1999.
29. Nerubay J, Lin E, Weiss J, Lev-el A, Katznelson A, Tadmor R: Case report: Post-traumatic atlantoaxial rotatory fixation. J Pediatr Orthop 5:734-736, 1985.
30. Ono K, Yonenobu K, Fuji T, Okada K: Atlanto-axial rotatory fixation: Radiographic study of its mechanism. Spine 10:602-608, 1985.
31. Pang D, Li V: Atlanto-axial rotatory fixation: Part I-Biomechanics of normal rotation at the atlanto-axial joint in children. Neurosurg 55:614-626, 2004.
32. Pang D, Li V: Atlanto-axial rotatory fixation: Part II-New diagnostic paradigm and a new classification based on motion analysis using computed tomographic imaging. Neurosurgery 57:941-953, 2005.
33. Parke WW, Rothman RH, Brown MD: The pharyngo vertebral veins: An anatomical rationale for Grisel's syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Am 66:568-574, 1984.
34. Phillips WA, Hensinger RN: The management of rotatory atlanto-axial subluxation in children. J Bone Joint Am 71:664-668, 1989.
35. Roche CJ, O'Malley, M, Dorgan JC, Carty HM: A pictorial review of atlanto-axial rotatory fixation: Key points for the radiologist. Clin Radiol 56:947-958, 2001.
36. Schmidek HH, Smith DA, Sofferman RA, Gomes FB: Transoral unilateral facetectomy in the management of unilateral anterior rotatory atlanto-axial fracture/dislocation: a case report. Neurosurgery 18:645-652, 1986.
37. Schwarz N: The fate of missed atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation in children. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 117:288-289, 1998.
38. Subach BR, McLaughlin MR, Albright AL, Pollack IF: Current management of pediatric atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation. Spine 23:2174-2179, 1998.
39. Sullivan AW: Subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint: Sequel to inflammatory processes of the neck. J Pediatr 35:451-464, 1949.
40. Tuite GF, Veres R, Crockard HA, Sell D: Pediatric transoral surgery: indications, complications and long-term outcome. J Neurosurg 84:573-583, 1996.
41. Villas C, Arriagada C, Zubieta JL: Preliminary CT study of C1-C2 rotational mobility in normal subjects. Eur Spine J 8:223-228, 1999.
42. Waegeneers S, Voet V, DeBoeck H, Opdecam P: Atlantoaxial rotatory fixation: A case report and proposal of a new classification system. Acta Orthopaedica Belgica 63-1:35-39, 1997.
43. Watson-Jones R: Spontaneous hyperaemic dislocation of the atlas. Proc R Soc Med 25:586-590, 1931.
44. Weinstein SL: Atlantoaxial rotatory displacement, in The Pediatric Spine, I. New York, Raven Press, 1994, pp 408-420.
45. Weisskopf M, Naeve D, Ruf M, Harms J, Jeszensky D: Therapeutic options and results following fixed atlantoaxial rotatory dislocation. Eur Spine J 14:61-68, 2005.
46. Wittek A: Ein Fall von Distensionluxation im Atlanto-epiphyseal Gelenke. Munch Med Worchenschr 55:1836-1837, 1908.
47. Wortzman G, Dewar FP: Rotary fixation of the atlanto-axial joint. Rotational atlanto-axial subluxation. Radiology 90:479-487, 1968.