A micropower low-distortion digital Class-D amplifier based on an algorithmic pulsewidth modulator

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers

Volumn 52, Issue 10, 2005, Pages 2007-2022

  Gwee, Bah Hwee ^a   Chang, Joseph S ^a   Adrian, Victor ^a  

^a NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY   (Singapore)

Author keywords

Class D amplifier; Digital hearing aids; Linear interpolation; Pulse generator; Pulsewidth modulation (PWM); Sampling process

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHMS; BANDWIDTH; COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY; COMPUTER SIMULATION; ELECTRIC DISTORTION; FOURIER TRANSFORMS; HEARING AIDS; INTERPOLATION; PULSE GENERATORS; PULSE WIDTH MODULATION; SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; TIME DOMAIN ANALYSIS;

CLASS-D AMPLIFIER; DIGITAL HEARING AIDS; LINEAR INTERPOLATION; SAMPLING PROCESS;

POWER AMPLIFIERS;

EID: 27644480487     PISSN: 10577122     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TCSI.2005.852920     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. B. L. Sim, Y. C. Tong, J. S. Chang, and C. T. Tan, "A parametric formulation of the generalized spectral subtraction method," IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 328-337. Jul. 1998.
2. J. S. Chang, M. T. Tan, Z. H. Cheng, and Y. C. Tong, "Analysis and design of power efficient Class-D amplifier output stages," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Fundam. Theory Appl., vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 897-902, Jun. 2000.
3. H. S. Black, Modulation Theory. New York: Van Nostrand, 1953, pp. 263-281.
4. P. H. Mellor, S. P. Leigh, and B. M. G. Cheetham, "Reduction of spectral distortion in class D amplifiers by an enhanced pulsewidth modulation sampling process," Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng.-G, vol. 138, no. 4, pp. 441-448, Aug. 1991.
5. J. M. Goldberg and M. B. Sandler, "New high accuracy pulsewidth modulation based digital-to-analogue convertor/power amplifier," Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng. -Circuits, Devices Syst., vol. 141, no. 4, pp. 315-324, Aug. 1994.
6. M. Streitenberger, F. Felgenhauer, and H. Bresch, "Zero position coding (ZePoC) - A generalized concept of pulse-length modulated signals and its application to class-D audio power amplifiers," in Proc. 110th AES Convention, May 2001. preprint 5365.
7. B. F. Logan Jr., "Click modulation," AT&T Bell Lab Tech. J., vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 401-423, Apr. 1984.
8. L. Risbo and T. Mørch, "Performance of an all-digital power amplification system," in Proc. 104th AES Convention, May 1998. preprint no. 4695.
9. M. Johansen and K. Nielsen, "A review and comparison of digital PWM methods for digital pulse modulation amplifier (PMA) systems," in Proc. 107th AES Convention, Sep. 1999. preprint no. 5039.
10. Z. Song, "Digital pulse width modulation: analysis, algorithms, and applications," Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 2001.
11. B. H. Gwee, J. S. Chang, and H. Li, "A micropower low-distortion digital pulsewidth modulator for a digital Class-D amplifier," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, Analog Digit. Signal Process., vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 1-13, Jan. 2002.
12. B. H. Gwee, J. S. Chang, V. Adrian, and H. Amir, "A novel sampling process and pulse generator for a low distortion digital pulse-width modulator for digital Class-D amplifiers," Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Syst., vol. IV, pp. 504-507, May 2003.
13. M. T. Tan, J. S. Chang, H. C. Chua, and B. H. Gwee, "An investigation into the parameters affecting THD in low-voltage low-power Class-D amplifiers," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Fundam. Theory Appl., vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 1304-1315, Oct. 2003.
14. G. Y. Wei and M. Horowitz, "A low power switching power supply for self-clocked systems," Int. Symp. Low Power Electron. Design, pp. 313-318, Aug. 1996.
15. A. Dancy and A. P. Chandrakasan, "Ultra low power control circuits for PWM converters," in IEEE Power Electron. Specialist Conf., 1997, pp. 21-27.
16. A. Dancy and A. P. Chandrakasan, "A reconfigurable dual output low power digital PWM power converter," in Proc. Int. Symp. Low Power Electronics and Design, 1998, pp. 191-196.
17. R. E. Hiorns, J. M. Goldberg, and M. B. Sandler, "Realizing an all digital power amplifier," in Proc. AES 89th Convention, Sep. 1990. preprint no. 2960.
18. S. K. Tewksbury and R. W. Hallock, "Oversampled, linear predictive and noise-shaping coders of order N > 1," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst., vol. CAS-25, no. 7, pp. 436-447, Jul. 1978.
19. J. L. Melanson, "Delta Sigma PWM DAC to reduce switching," U.S. Patent 5 815 102, Sep. 29, 1998. (incorporated in Cirrus Logic CS44210).
20. A. J. Magrath and M. B. Sandler, "Digital power amplification using sigma-delta modulation and bit flipping," J. AES, vol. 45, no. 6, Jun. 1997.
21. R. Esslinger, G. Gruhler, and R. W. Stewart, "Sigma-delta modulation in digital class-D power amplifiers: Methods for reducing the effective pulse transition rate," in Proc. AES 112th Convention, May 2002. preprint no. 5634.
22. P. H. Mellor, S. P. Leigh, and B. M. G. Cheetham, "Improved sampling process for a digital, pulse-width modulated Class-D power amplifier," Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng. Colloq. Digit. Audio Signal Process., pp. 3/1-3/5, May 1991.
23. C. Pascual and B. Roeckner, "Computationally efficient conversion from pulse-code modulation to naturally sampled pulse-width modulation," in Proc. 109th AES Convention, Sep. 2000. preprint 5198.
24. W. R. Bennett, "New results in the calculation of modulation products," Bell Syst. Tech. J., no. 12, pp. 228-243, 1933.
25. R. F. Tinder, Engineering Digital Design, 2nd ed. San Diego, CA: Academic, 2000, pp. 353-357.
26. P. Midya, M. Miller, and M. Sandler, "Integral noise shaping for quantization of pulse width modulation," in Proc. 109th AES Convention, Sep. 2000. preprint no. 5193.
27. C. Pascual, "All-digital audio amplifier," Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 2001.
28. W. J. Roeckner, P. Midya, P. A. Wagh, and W. J. Rinderknecht, "Method and apparatus for generating a pulse width modulated signal," U.S. Patent 6 606 044, Aug. 2003.
29. P. Midya, B. Roeckner, P. Rakers, and P. Wagh, "Prediction correction algorithm for natural pulsewidth modulation," in Proc. 109th AES Convention, Sep. 2000. preprint 5194.