Cultural differentiation or social segregation? Four approaches to the digital divide

New Media and Society

Volumn 7, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 684-700

  Sassi, Sinikka ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

Author keywords

Democracy; Digital divide; Internet; Modernization; Social inequality

Indexed keywords

EID: 27644449557     PISSN: 14614448     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1461444805056012     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Axford, B. and R. Huggins (eds) (2001) The New Media and Politics. London: Sage.
2. Bäcklund, P. (ed.) (2003) Tietoyhteiskunnan osallistuva kansalainen. Tapaus Nettimaunula [The Citizen Participating into Information Society. The Case of Nettimaunula]. Helsinki: City of Helsinki Urban Facts.
3. Bauman, Z. (1998) Globdization. The Human Consequences. Cambridge: Polity Press.
4. Bauman, Z. (2000) Liquid Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press.
5. Becker, T. and D. Slaton (2000) The Future of Teledemocracy. Westport, CT: Praeger.
6. Berrigan, F.J. (1981) Community Communications. The Role of Community Media in Development, UNESCO Reports and Papers on Mass Communication. Paris: UNESCO Press.
7. Castells, M. (2000) End of Millenium (2nd edn). Oxford: Blackwell.
8. Castells, M. (2001) The Internet Galaxy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
9. Castells, M. and P. Himanen (2002) The Information Society and the Welfare State: the Finnish Model. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
10. Chossudovsky, M. (1999) Globalization of Poverty. Impacts of IMF and World Bank Reforms. Penang: Third World Network.
11. Christensen, N.B. (2003) Inuit in Cyberspace. Embedding Offline Identities Online. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, University of Copenhagen.
12. ci-online (2000) 'Cover story: Universal service - AreYou Being Served?', September, URL (consulted January 2002): http://www.totaltele.com/view.asp? articleID=31496&Pub=CI&categoryid=705&kw=digital+divide, http://www.careertools.org/rlib/doc_display.asp?DOCN=7167
13. eLearning Action Plan (2003) URL (consulted March 2004): http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/elearning/doc_en.html
14. Garnham, N. (2000) 'Information Society as Theory of Ideology: A Critical Perspective on Technology, Education and Employment in the Information Age', Information, Communication and Society 3(2): 139-52.
15. Hacker, K.L. and J. van Dijk (eds) (2000) Digital Democracy. Issues of Theory and Practice. London: Sage.
16. Lash, S. (1994) 'Reflexivity and its Doubles: Structure, Aesthetics, Community', in U. Beck, A. Giddens and S. Lash (eds) Reflexive Modernization, pp. 110-73. Cambridge: Polity Press.
17. Lash, S. (2002) Critique of Information. London: Sage.
18. May, C. (2002) Information Society: A Sceptical View. Cambridge: Polity Press.
19. Murdock, G. (1993) 'Communications and the Constitution of Modernity', Media, Culture and Society 15(4): 521-39.
20. Nordic Information Society Statistics (2002) URL (consulted March 2004): http://tilastokeskus.fi/tk/yr/tietoyhteiskunta/nordic_iss_02.pdf
21. Norris, P. (2000) 'Digital Divide? Civic Engagement, Information Poverty and the internet in Democratic Societies', URL (consulted July 2003): http://web.archive.org/web/20010217154551/http://ksghome.harvard.edu/~.pnorris. shorenstein.ksg/book1.htm
22. Nurmela, J., L. Parjo, L. and M. Ylitalo (2002) The Great Migration to the Information Society: Patterns of ICT Diffusion in Finland 1996-2002, Statistics Finland 2003/1. Helsinki: Tilastokeskus.
23. Okinawa Charter on Global Information Society (2000) 22 July, URL (consulted March 2004): http://www.g8.utoronto.ca/summit/2000okinawa/gis.htm
24. Rajani, N. (2003) Free as in Education. Significance of the Free/Libre and Open Source Software for Developing Countries. Helsinki: Hakapaino Oy.
25. Slevin, J. (2000) The Internet and Society. Oxford: Polity Press.
26. Sparks, C. (2000) 'The Distribution of Online Resources and the Democratic Potential of the Internet', in J. van Cuilenburg and R. van der Wurff (eds) Cultural, Economic and Policy Foundations for Media Openness and Diversity in East and West, pp. 229-54. Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis.
27. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (1980) Many Voices, One World. Towards a New More Just and More Efficient World Information and Communication Order. London: Kogan Page.
28. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (1998) World Communication Report. The Media and Challenges of the New Technologies. Paris: UNESCO.
29. Van Dijk, J. (1993) 'Communication Networks and Modernization', Communication Research 20(3): 384-407.
30. Van Dijk, J. (1999) The Network Society. Social Aspects of New Media. London: Sage.
31. Wacquant, L.J.D. (1996) 'The Rise of Advanced Marginality. Notes on its Nature and Implications', Acta Sociologica 39(2): 121-39.
32. Winston, B. (1986) Misunderstanding Media. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.