Cloud-to-ground lightning production in strongly forced, low-instability, convective lines associated with damaging wind

Weather and Forecasting

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 517-530

  van den Broeke, Matthew S ^a,b   Schultz, David M ^c,d   Johns, Robert H ^e   Evans, Jeffry S ^f   Hales, John E ^f  

^a National Weather Center Research Experiences for Undergraduates   (United States)

^b VALPARAISO UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA   (United States)

^d NATIONAL SEVERE STORMS LABORATORY   (United States)

^e Storm Prediction Center ^*

^f NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLOUDS; CONDENSATION; LIGHTNING; METEOROLOGICAL RADAR; RADAR IMAGING; STORMS; WEATHER FORECASTING; WIND EFFECTS;

CLOUD-TO-GROUND LIGHTNING; CONVECTIVE AVAILABLE POTENTIAL ENERGY (CAPE); MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS;

PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY);

ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY; CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNING; COLD FRONT; CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; FORECASTING METHOD;

EID: 27544511435     PISSN: 08828156     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/WAF876.1     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Benjamin, S. G., G. A. Grell, J. M. Brown, T. G. Smirnova, and R. Bleck, 2004a: Mesoscale weather prediction with the RUC hybrid isentropic-terrain-following coordinate model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 473-494.
2. Benjamin, S. G., and Coauthors, 2004b: An hourly assimilation-forecast cycle: The RUC. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 495-518.
3. Bernardet, L. R., and W. R. Cotton, 1998: Multiscale evolution of a derecho-producing mesoscale convective system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 2991-3015.
4. Bjerknes, J., and H. Solberg, 1922: Life cycle of cyclones and the polar front theory of atmospheric circulation. Geofys. Publ., 3 (1), 3-18.
5. Bright, D. R., M. S. Wandishin, R. E. Jewell, and S. J. Weiss, 2005: A physically based parameter for lightning prediction and its calibration in ensemble forecasts. Preprints, Conf. on Meteorological Applications of Lightning Data, San Diego, CA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., CD-ROM, 4.3.
6. Brooks, H. E., C. A. Doswell III, and J. Cooper, 1994: On the environments of tornadic and nontornadic mesocyclones. Wea. Forecasting, 9, 606-618.
7. Browning, K. A., 1990: Organization of clouds and precipitation in extratropical cyclones. Extratropical Cyclones, The Erik Palmén Memorial Volume, C. W. Newton and E. O. Holopainen, Eds., Amer. Meteor. Soc., 129-153.
8. Browning, K. A., and C. W. Pardoe, 1973: Structure of low-level jet streams ahead of mid-latitude cold fronts. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 99, 619-638.
9. Bryan, G. H., and J. M. Fritsch, 2000: Moist absolute instability: The sixth static stability state. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 81, 1207-1230.
10. Craven, J. P., R. E. Jewell, and H. E. Brooks, 2002: Comparison between observed convective cloud-base heights and lifting condensation level for two different lifted parcels. Wea. Forecasting, 17, 885-890.
11. Cummins, K. L., M. J. Murphy, E. A. Bardo, W. L. Hiscox, R. B. Pyle, and A. E. Pifer, 1998: A combined TOA/MDF technology upgrade of the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 9035-9044.
12. Dorian, P. B., S. E. Koch, and W. C. Skillman, 1988: The relationship between satellite-inferred frontogenesis and squall line formation. Wea. Forecasting, 3, 319-342.
13. Doswell, C. A., III, 2001: Severe convective storms-An overview. Severe Convective Storms, Meteor. Monogr., No. 50, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 1-26.
14. Doswell, C. A., and E. N. Rasmussen, 1994: The effect of neglecting the virtual temperature correction on CAPE calculations. Wea. Forecasting, 9, 625-629.
15. Doswell, C. A., and P. M. Markowski, 2004: Is buoyancy a relative quantity? Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 853-863.
16. Doswell, C. A., H. E. Brooks, and M. P. Kay, 2005: Climatological estimates of daily local nontornadic severe thunderstorm probability for the United States. Wea. Forecasting, 20, 577-595.
17. Emanuel, K. A., 1994: Atmospheric Convection. Oxford University Press, 580 pp.
18. Evans, J. S., and C. A. Doswell III, 2001: Examination of derecho environments using proximity soundings. Wea. Forecasting, 16, 329-342.
19. Hinrichs, G., 1888: Tornadoes and derechos. Amer. Meteor. J., 5, 306-317, 341-349.
20. Holitza, F. J., and H. W. Kasemir, 1974: Accelerated decay of thunderstorm electric fields by chaff seeding. J. Geophys. Res., 79, 425-429.
21. Iacopelli, A. J., and J. A. Knox, 2001: Mesoscale dynamics of the record-breaking 10 November 1998 mid-latitude cyclone: A satellite-based case study. Natl. Wea. Dig., 25 (1), 33-42.
22. Johns, R. H., and W. D. Hirt, 1987: Derechos: Widespread convectively induced windstorms. Wea. Forecasting, 2, 32-49.
23. Kain, J. S., and J. M. Fritsch, 1998: Multiscale convective over-turning in mesoscale convective systems: Reconciling observations, simulations, and theory. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 2254-2273.
24. Kasemir, H. W., F. J. Holitza, W. E. Cobb, and W. D. Rust, 1976: Lightning suppression by chaff seeding at the base of thunderstorms. J. Geophys. Res., 81, 1965-1970.
25. Koch, S. E., and P. J. Kocin, 1991: Frontal contraction processes leading to the formation of an intense narrow rainband. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 46, 123-154.
26. Locatelli, J. D., R. D. Schwartz, M. T. Stoelinga, and P. V. Hobbs, 2002: Norwegian-type and cold front aloft-type cyclones east of the Rocky Mountains. Wea. Forecasting, 17, 66-82.
27. Lucas, C., E. J. Zipser, and M. A. LeMone, 1994: Vertical velocity in oceanic convection off tropical Australia. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3183-3193.
28. MacGorman, D. R., and W. D. Rust, 1998: The Electrical Nature of Storms. Oxford University Press, 422 pp.
29. Maddox, R. A., K. W. Howard, and C. L. Dempsey, 1997: Intense convective storms with little or no lightning over central Arizona: A case of inadvertent weather modification. J. Appl. Meteor., 36, 302-314.
30. McCann, D. W., 1978: Severe convective storms with little or no thunder. Natl. Wea. Dig., 3 (2), 2-5.
31. Michimoto, K., 1991: A study of radar echoes and their relationship to lightning discharge of thunderclouds in the Hokuriku District. Part I: Observation and analysis of thunderclouds in summer and winter. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 69, 327-335.
32. Michimoto, K., 1993: A study of radar echoes and their relationship to lightning discharge of thunderclouds in the Hokuriku District. Part II: Observation and analysis of "single-flash" thunderclouds in midwinter. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 71, 195-204.
33. NOAA, 1998: Storm Data. Vol. 40, No. 11, 134 pp.
34. NOAA, 2002: Storm Data. Vol. 44, No. 3, 189 pp.
35. Olsen, M. A., W. A. Gallus Jr., J. L. Stanford, and J. M. Brown, 2000: Fine-scale comparison of TOMS total ozone data with model analysis of an intense midwestern cyclone. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 20 487-20 495.
36. Parker, M. D., 2004: Simulated convective lines with parallel precipitation. Preprints, 22d Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Hyannis, MA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., CD-ROM, 6.3.
37. Parker, M. D., and R. H. Johnson, 2000: Organizational modes of midlatitude mesoscale convective systems. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3413-3436.
38. Petersen, W. A., S. A. Rutledge, and R. E. Orville, 1996: Cloud-to-ground lightning observations from TOGA COARE: Selected results and lightning location algorithms. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 602-620.
39. Reynolds, S. E., and M. Brook, 1956: Correlation of the initial electric field and the radar echo in thunderstorms. J. Meteor., 13, 376-380.
40. Rogers, R. R., and M. K. Yau, 1989: A Short Course in Cloud Physics. 3d ed. Pergamon, 293 pp.
41. Rust, W. D., and P. R. Krehbiel, 1977: Microwave radiometric detection of corona from chaff within thunderstorms. J. Geophys. Res., 82, 3945-3950.
42. Thorncroft, C. D., B. J. Hoskins, and M. E. McIntyre, 1993: Two paradigms of baroclinic-wave life-cycle behavior. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 119, 17-55.
43. Wakimoto, R. M., 2001: Convectively driven high wind events. Severe Convective Storms, Meteor. Monogr., No. 50, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 255-298.
44. Weiss, S. J., J. A. Hart, and P. R. Janish, 2002: An examination of severe thunderstorm wind report climatology: 1970-1999. Preprints, 21st Conf. on Severe Local Storms, San Antonio, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., CD-ROM, 11B.2.
45. Workman, E. J., and S. E. Reynolds, 1949: Electrical activity as related to thunderstorm cell growth. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 30, 142-144.
46. Zipser, E. J., 1994: Deep cumulonimbus clouds systems in the Tropics with and without lightning. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 1837-1851.