Quantitative segmental analysis of weight-bearing radiographs of the foot and ankle for children: Normal alignment

Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics

Volumn 25, Issue 6, 2005, Pages 769-776

  Davids, Jon R ^a   Gibson, T Whitney ^a   Pugh, Linda I ^a  

^a Motion Analysis Laboratory   (United States)

Author keywords

Children; Foot alignment; Radiographs

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ANALYTIC METHOD; ANKLE FRACTURE; ARTICLE; BONE RADIOGRAPHY; CHILD; CORRELATION COEFFICIENT; FEMALE; FOOT MALFORMATION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEASUREMENT; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; NORMAL VALUE; OBSERVER VARIATION; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; WEIGHT BEARING;

ADOLESCENT; ANKLE; CEREBRAL PALSY; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; FOOT BONES; HEMIPLEGIA; HUMANS; MALE; OBSERVER VARIATION; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES;

EID: 27544477762     PISSN: 02716798     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.bpo.0000173244.74065.e4     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Mosca VS. Calcaneal lengthening for valgus deformity of the hindfoot. Results in children who had severe, symptomatic fiatfoot and skewfoot. J Bone Joint Surg [Am]. 1995;77:500-512.
2. Sutherland DH. Varus foot in cerebral palsy: an overview. AAOS Instr Course Lect. 1993;42:539-543.
3. Sutherland DH, Kaufman KR, Wyatt MP, et al. Double-blind study of botulinum A toxin injections into the gastrocnemius muscle in patients with cerebral palsy. Gait Posture. 1999;10:1-9.
4. Gage JR. The clinical use of kinetics for evaluation of pathologic gait in cerebral palsy. AAOS Instr Course Lect. 1995;44:507-515.
5. Gage JR, DeLuca PA, Renshaw TS. Gait analysis: principle and applications with emphasis on its use in cerebral palsy. AAOS Instr Course Lect. 1996;45:491-507.
6. Gage JR, Novacheck TF. An update on the treatment of gait problems in cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2001;10:265-274.
7. Rose SA, DeLuca PA, Davis RB3rd, et al. Kinematic and kinetic evaluation of the ankle after lengthening of the gastrocnemius fascia in children with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop. 1993;13:727-732.
8. Ounpuu S, Bell KJ, Davis RB3rd, et al. An evaluation of the posterior leaf spring orthosis using joint kinematics and kinetics. J Pediatr Orthop. 1996;16:378-384.
9. Thomson JD, Ounpuu S, Davis RB, et al. The effects of ankle-foot orthoses on the ankle and knee in persons with myelomeningocele: an evaluation using three-dimensional gait analysis. J Pediatr Orthop. 1999; 19:27-33.
10. Beatson TR, Pcarson JR. A method of assessing correction in club feet. J Bone Joint Surg [Br]. 1966;48:40-50.
11. Keim HA, Ritchie GW. Weight-bearing roentgenograms in the evaluation of foot deformities. Clin Orthop. 1970;70:133-136.
12. Ponseti IV, El-Khoury GY, Ippolito E, et al. A radiographic study of skeletal deformities in treated clubfeet. Clin Orthop. 1981;160:30-42.
13. Simons GW. A standardized method for the radiographic evaluation of clubfeet. Clin Orthop. 1978;135:107-118.
14. Templeton AW, McAlister WH, Zim ID. Standardization of terminology and evaluation of osseous relationships in congenitally abnormal feet. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1965;93:374-381.
15. Vanderwilde R, Staheli LT, Chew DE, et al. Measurements on radiographs of the foot in normal infants and children. J Bone Joint Surg [Am]. 1988; 70:407-415.
16. Inman VT. The human foot. Manit Med Rev. 1966;46:513-515.
17. Inman VT. The influence of the foot-ankle complex on the proximal skeletal structures. Artif Limbs. 1969;13:59-65.
18. Morrissy RT, Goldsmith GS, Hall EC, et al. Measurement of the Cobb angle on radiographs of patients who have scoliosis. Evaluation of intrinsic error. J Bone Joint Surg [Am]. 1990;72:320-327.
19. Beals RK, Skyhar M. Growth and development of the tibia, fibula, and ankle joint. Clin Orthop. 1984;182:289-292.
20. Sangeorzan BJ, Mosca V, Hansen ST Jr. Effect of calcaneal lengthening on relationships among the hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot. Foot Ankle. 1993;14:136-141.
21. Steel MW3rd, Johnson KA, DeWitz MA, et al. Radiographic measurements of the normal adult foot. Foot Ankle. 1980;1:151-158.
22. Burstein AH. Fracture classification systems: do they work and are they useful? J Bone Joint Surg [Am]. 1993;75:1743-1744.
23. Stokes IA, Aronsson DD. Identifying sources of variability in scoliosis classification using a rule-based automated algorithm. Spine. 2002; 27:2801-2805.
24. Mosca VS. The child's foot: principles of management. J Pediatr Orthop. 1998;18:281-282.
25. Close JR, Inman VT, Poor PM, et al. The function of the subtalar joint. Clin Orthop. 1967;50:159-179.
26. Mosca VS. The cavus foot. J Pediatr Orthop. 2001;21:423-424.
27. Alman BA, Craig CL, Zimbler S. Subtalar arthrodesis for stabilization of valgus hindfoot in patients with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop. 1993;13:634-641.
28. Aronson J, Nunley J, Frankovitch K. Lateral talocalcaneal angle in assessment of subtalar valgus: follow-up of seventy Grice-Green arthrodeses. Foot Ankle. 1983;4:56-63.
29. Mosca VS. Flexible fiatfoot and skewfoot. AAOS Instr Course Lect. 1996; 45:347-354.