The impact of a nationwide effort to reduce airbag-related deaths among children: An examination of fatality trends among younger and older age groups

Journal of Safety Research

Volumn 36, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 309-320

  Nichols, James L ^a,b,c,d,e   Glassbrenner, Donna ^b   Compton, Richard P ^b,f  

^a Nichols and Associates   (United States)

^b NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION   (United States)

^c International Council on Alcohol   (United States)

^d Transporation Research Board   (United States)

^e National Safety Council   (United States)

^f AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION   (United States)

Author keywords

Airbags; Children; Impact; Motor Vehicle Deaths; Safety Programs

Indexed keywords

AIRBAG-RELATED DEATHS; FATALITY TRENDS; REAR-SEAT DEATHS; UNRESTRAINED DEATHS;

AUTOMOBILE SEAT BELTS; LAW ENFORCEMENT; LAWS AND LEGISLATION;

ACCIDENT PREVENTION;

AGE; ARTICLE; CAR; CHILD; CHILDHOOD MORTALITY; EQUIPMENT; FEMALE; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMAN; INFANT; INFANT MORTALITY; MALE; METHODOLOGY; MORTALITY; NEWBORN; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT; PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT; PUBLIC HEALTH; SAFETY; SOCIAL MARKETING; STANDARD; STATISTICS; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT; UNITED STATES; UTILIZATION REVIEW;

ACCIDENTS, TRAFFIC; AGE FACTORS; AIR BAGS; AUTOMOBILES; CHILD; CHILD MORTALITY; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT EQUIPMENT; INFANT MORTALITY; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT; PUBLIC HEALTH; SAFETY; SOCIAL MARKETING; UNITED STATES;

EID: 27544435150     PISSN: 00224375     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2005.05.004     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Airbag and Seat Belt Safety Campaign [AB&SBSC] Internal document: Summary of participating agencies in seat belt mobilizations, 1997 through 2003 2004 Author Washington, DC
2. A.W. Block 1998 Motor vehicle occupant safety survey Child safety seat report vol. 3 2000 U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration DOT HS 809 182 Washington DC
3. A.W. Block 2000 Motor vehicle occupant safety survey Child safety seat report vol. 5 2002 U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration DOT HS 809 465 Washington DC
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] Warnings on interaction between airbags and rear-facing child restraints MMWR 42 1993 280 282
5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] Airbag associated fatal injuries to infants and children riding in front passenger seats - United States MMWR 44 1995 845 847
6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] Update: Fatal airbag related injuries to children - United States, 1993-1996 MMWR 45 49 1996 1073 1075
7. D.R. Durbin, M. Elliott, and F.K. Winston Belt-positioning booster seats and reduction in risk of injury among children in vehicle crashes JAMA 28 21 2003 2835 2840
8. D.R. Durbin, M. Kallan, and F.K. Winston Trends in booster seat use among children in crashes Pediatrics 108 6 2001 109
9. D. Glassbrenner The use of child restraints in 2002 2003 U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration DOT HS 809 555, Washington DC
10. D. Glassbrenner, J. Carra, and J.L. Nichols Recent estimates of safety belt use Journal of Safety Research 35 2004 237 244
11. Kindelberger, J. (2003) Moving children out of the front seat. Presentation at Lifesavers National Conference Washington DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, National Center for Statistics and Analysis.
12. Kindelberger, J., & Starnes, M. (2003). Moving children from the front seat to the back seat: The influence of child safety campaigns. Research Note. DOT HS 809 698 Washington DC: National Center for Statistics and Analysis, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation.
13. W. McInturff Tracking the impact of the ABC mobilization and national research trends: Report to the Airbag and Seat Belt Safety Campaign on the results of telephone surveys. Public opinion strategies 1999 Airbag and Seat Belt Safety Campaign Washington DC
14. M. Milano, B. McInturff, and J.L. Nichols The effect of earned and paid media strategies in high visibility enforcement campaigns Journal of Safety Research 35 2004 203 214
15. National Center for Statistics and Analysis [NCSA] Reduction of fatalities and injuries among passenger vehicle occupants age 4-7. Crash stats 2004 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation DOT HS 809 786. Washington DC
16. National Center for Statistics and Analysis/Special Crash Investigations (2004). Children fatally injured by PAB, normalized by vehicle registrations (chart). Retrieved December 24, 2004, from http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/nrd-30/ncsa/3q2004/ntc.pdf
17. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [NHTSA] Safety agency issues warning on airbag danger to children. Press release 72-95 1995 U.S. Department of Transportation Washington, DC
18. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [NHTSA] A national strategy: Increasing booster seat use for 4- to 8-year-old children 2002 U.S. Department of Transportation Washington, DC
19. National SAFE KIDS Campaign Child passengers at risk in America: A national rating of child occupant protection laws 2001 Author Washington, DC
20. National SAFE KIDS Campaign Closing the gaps across the map: A progress report on SAFE KIDS' efforts to improve child occupant protection laws 2004 Author Washington, DC
21. National SAFE KIDS Campaign Summary of child booster seat laws: 31 states and the District of Columbia 2004 Author Washington, DC
22. National Transportation Safety Board [NTSB] Safety recommendation H-95-17 1995 Author Washington DC
23. Nichols, J. L. (1996). Increasing safety belt and child seat usage to prevent deaths and injuries to unrestrained and improperly restrained vehicle occupants. Background paper for "Safety Belts, Airbags, and Passenger Safety: A Call to Action" Conference. January 16-17, 1996. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
24. M. Solomon, R. Compton, and D. Preusser Taking the Click it or Ticket model nationwide Journal of Safety Research 35 2004 197 201
25. M. Starnes, and A. Eigen Fatalities and injuries to 0-8 year old passenger vehicle occupants based on impact attributes 2002 U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration DOT HS 809 410. Washington DC
26. Uitenbroek, D. G. (1997a). SISA t-test. Southampton: D.G. Uitenbroek. Retrieved December 24, 2004, from http://www.home.clara.net/sisa/t-test.htm
27. Uitenbroek, D. G. (1997b). SISA two-by two table. Southampton: D.G. Uitenbroek. Retrieved December 24, 2004, from http://www.home.clara.net/sisa/twoby2.htm
28. F.K. Winston, E.K. Moll, D.R. Durbin, and N. Kassam-Adams The premature graduation of children from child restraints to vehicle seat belts Traffic Tech: NHTSA Technology Transfer Series vol. 253 2001 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Washington DC
29. S. Zaza, D.A. Sleet, R.S. Thompson, D.M. Sosin, and J.C. Bolen Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to increase use of child safety seats American Journal of Preventive Medicine 21 4 Supplement 2001 31 47