Applicability of alkaline hydrolysis for remediation of TNT-contaminated water

Water Research

Volumn 39, Issue 18, 2005, Pages 4503-4511

  Hwang, Sangchul ^a   Ruff, Timothy J ^b   Bouwer, Edward J ^c   Larson, Steven L ^d   Davis, Jeffrey L ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO   (Puerto Rico)

^b MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c The Johns Hopkins University   (United States)

^d U S ARMY ENGINEER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

2; 4; 6 trinitrotoluene; Alkaline hydrolysis; Batch reactor; Continuous flow stirred tank reactor

Indexed keywords

COLOR; CONTAMINATION; HYDROLYSIS; REACTION KINETICS; REMEDIATION; TOLUENE;

2;4;6; TRINITOULENE; ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS; CONTINUOUS FLOW STIRRED-TANK REACTORS; STEADY-STATE REACTION;

WATER ANALYSIS;

OXALIC ACID; TRINITROTOLUENE; WATER;

HYDROLYSIS; REMEDIATION; STIRRED TANK; TRINITROTOLUENE; WASTEWATER TREATMENT;

ARTICLE; CHEMICAL REACTION; CONTINUOUS FLOW REACTOR; DIMERIZATION; HYDROLYSIS; PH MEASUREMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REDUCTION; STEADY STATE; TECHNOLOGY; WATER CONTAMINATION; WATER TREATMENT;

EID: 27544434828     PISSN: 00431354     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2005.09.008     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. P.Y. Bruce Organic Chemistry 1995 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, NJ
2. M. Croce, and Y. Okamoto Cationic micellar catalysis of the aqueous alkaline hydrolysis of 1,3,5-triaza-1,3,5-trinitrocyclohexane and 1,3,5,7-tetraaza-1,3,5,7-tetranitrocyclooctane J. Org. Chem. 44 13 1979 2100 2103
3. M. Emmrich Kinetics of the alkaline hydrolysis of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in aqueous solution and highly contaminated soils Environ. Sci. Technol. 33 21 1999 3802 3805
4. Felt, D.R., Larson, S.L., Valente, E.J., 2002. UV-VIS spectroscopy of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene-hydroxide reaction. US Army ERDC Technical Report 02-22.
5. HACH DR/2000 Spectrophotometer Procedures Manual 1991 Hach Company Loveland, CO
6. H.M. Heilmann, U. Wiesmann, and M.K. Stenstrom Kinetics of the alkaline hydrolysis of high explosives RDX and HMX in aqueous solution and adsorbed to activated carbon Environ. Sci. Technol. 30 5 1996 1485 1492
7. J.C. Hoffsommer, D.A. Kubose, and D.J. Glover Kinetic isotope effects and intermediates formation for the aqueous alkaline homogeneous hydrolysis of 1,3,5-triaza-1,3,5-trinitrocyclohexane (RDX) J Phys Chem 81 5 1977 380 385
8. Hwang, S., Felt, D.R., Bouwer, E.J., Larson, S.L., Davis, J.L., 2003. Kinetics and treatability of aqueous alkaline hydrolysis for hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). Air & Waste Management Association's 96th Annual Conference and Exhibition. San Diego, CA.
9. C. Karasch, M. Popovic, M. Qasim, and R.K. Bajpai Alkali hydrolysis of trinitrotoluene Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 98-100 2002 1173 1185
10. C.M. Peres, and S.N. Agathos Biodegradation of nitroaromatic pollutants: from pathways to remediation Biotechnol. Ann. Rev. 6 2000 197 220
11. P.G. Rieger, and H.J. Knackmuss Basic knowledge and perspectives on biodegradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and related nitroaromatic compounds in contaminated soil J.C. Spain Biodegradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds 1995 Plenum Press New York
12. B. Riemer Theoretische Betrachtungen moeglicher Reaktionswege bei der Desensibilisierung von TNT unter alkalischten Bedingungen 1995 Bericht fur die BC-Berlin Consult GmbH Berlin
13. D.H. Rosenblatt, E.P. Burrows, W.R. Mitchell, and D.L. Parmer Organic explosives and related compounds O. Hutzinger The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry vol. 3 1991 Springer Berlin Part G
14. J.C. Spain Biodegradation of nitroaromatic compounds Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 49 1995 523 555
15. J.C. Spain, J.B. Hughes, and H.J. Knackmuss Biodegradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds and Explosives 2000 Lewis Boca Raton, FL
16. P.A. Vesilind Introduction to Environmental Engineering 1997 PWS Publishing Company Boston, MA
17. Walsh, M.E., Jenkins, T.F., Schnitker, P.S., Elwell, J.W., Stutz, M.H., 1993. US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL Special Report 93-5. Hanover, NH.
18. W.D. Won, L.H. DiSalvo, and J. Ng Toxicity and mutagenicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and its metabolites Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 31 1976 576 580