Evaluating the ICTY and its completion strategy: Efforts to achieve accountability for war crimes and their tribunals

Journal of International Criminal Justice

Volumn 3, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 82-102

  Raab, Dominic ^a  

^a British Embassy   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 27244456241     PISSN: 14781387     EISSN: 14781395     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jicj/3.1.82     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Report by Justice Jackson to US President, Harry Truman, 7 October 1946, available online at www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/imt/jackson/jack63.htm (visited August 2004).
2. SC Res. 808 (1993), §2.
3. Report of the Secretary General Pursuant to Paragraph 2 of Security Council Resolution 808 (1993)', UN doc. S/25704, 3 May 1993, §§ 19 and 20.
4. Ibid., §21.
5. Ibid., §28.
6. Ibid., §29.
7. See supra note 5.
8. Available online at http://www.un.org/icty/pressreal/p466-e.htm (visited August 2004).
9. Available online at http://www.un.org/icty/pressreal/RAP000620e.htm (visited August 2004).
10. Available online at http://www.un.org/icty/pressreal/p512-e.htm (visited August 2004).
11. See supra note 9.
12. SC Res. 1329 (2000), 30 November 2000, UN doc. S/RES/1329 (2000).
13. Available online at http://www.un.org/icty/pressreal/p641-e.htm (visited August 2004).
14. Available online at http://www.un.org/icty/pressreal/p642-e.htm (visited August 2004).
15. UN doc. S/PRST/2002/21.
16. Available online at http://www.un.org/icty/pressreal/p708-e.htm (visited August 2004).
17. Available online at http://www.un.org/icty/pressreal/p709-e.htm (visited August 2004).
18. UN doc. S/PRST/2002/39.
19. UN doc. S/RES/1503 (2003). The seventh preambular paragraph called on the ICTY to implement the Completion Strategy 'by concentrating on the prosecution and trial of the most senior leaders'. §1 called on the international community to assist national courts in improving their capacity to prosecute cases, in order to facilitate the transfer of cases from the ICTY. §2 called on the States of the former Yugoslavia to 'intensify cooperation', particularly with a view to securing the arrest of fugitive indictees, including Karadžić, Mladić and Gotovina. §5 called on the donor community to support the Bosnian authorities in the creation of a special chamber to conduct war crimes trials. §6 requested the President and Prosecutor of the ICTY to explain their plans to implement the Completion Strategy in their annual reports. Finally, §8 split the positions of ICTY and ICTR Prosecutor, thereby providing full-time positions for both Tribunals. Carla Del Ponte was subsequently re-appointed Prosecutor at the ICTY for a second four-year term.
20. Available online at http://www.un.org/icty/pressreal/p790-e.htm (visited August 2004).
21. UN doc. S/RES/1534 (2004). §1 reaffirmed the necessity of trial of ICTY indictees and called for cooperation to secure the arrest of fugitives, most notably Karadžić, Mladić and Gotovina. §3 emphasized the importance of adhering to the 2004, 2008 and 2010 deadlines. §4 called on the ICTY Prosecutor (and that of the ICTR) to review the cases that could be tried at the ICTY (and ICTR) and those that could be transferred to competent national jurisdictions. §6 requested six monthly assessments from the ICTY (and ICTR) Presidents and Prosecutors on progress towards the implementation of the Completion Strategies. §7 declared an intention to review the situation and ensure adherence to the time frames set out in SC Res. 1503(2003). §8 dealt with sentence enforcement, §9 with strengthening national judiciaries and §10 welcomed efforts to establish a special war-crimes chamber in Sarajevo.
22. For example, see Arts 15, 17, 18, 19, 53, 56 and 57 ICCSt., which provide for judicial review of the Prosecutor's decision to initiate an investigation.
23. §§ 49-51 of Enclosure I, UN doc. S/2004/420.
24. Enclosure II, UN doc. S/2004/420.
25. Available online at http://www.un.org/icty/pressreal/2004/p863-e.htm (visited August 2004).
26. Rule 28(A) provides: 'On receipt of an indictment for review from the Prosecutor, the Registrar shall consult with the President. The President shall refer the matter to the Bureau which shall determine whether the indictment, prima facie, concentrates on one or more of the most senior leaders suspected of being most responsible for crimes within the jurisdiction of the Tribunal. If the Bureau determines that the indictment meets this standard, the President shall designate one of the permanent Trial Chamber Judges for the review under Rule 47. If the Bureau determines that the indictment does not meet this standard, the President shall return the indictment to the Registrar to communicate this finding to the Prosecutor.'
27. Available online at http://www.un.org/icty/glance/index.htm (visited August 2004). See 'Facts and Figures'.
28. See also President Jorda's report to the Security Council of 29 October 2002, supra note 16.
29. Available online at http://www.un.org/icty/banovic65-1/trialc/judgment/ ban-sj031028e.htm (visited August 2004).
30. Available online at http://www.un.org/icty/cases/factsheets/ procfact-e.htm (visited August 2004).
31. The Rules of the Road cases refer to case files referred to ICTY by local Bosnian prosecutors, pursuant to the Rome Agreement 1996. The ICTY review the case files and report back to the local prosecutors on the readiness of the cases for trial.
32. OSCE Mission to Serbia and Montenegro, 'War Crimes Before Domestic Courts', Belgrade October 2003, available online at http://www.osce.org/sim/documents/reports (visited August 2004).
33. OSCE Mission to Croatia, 22 June 2004: 'Background Report: Domestic War Crimes Trials 2003' and 'Supplementary Report on War Crimes Proceedings in Croatia and Findings from Trial Monitoring', available online at http://www.osce.org/croatia/human.rights (visited August 2004).
34. Available online at http://www.un.org/icty/pressreal/2003/p797-e.htm (visited August 2004).
35. OHR Press release, 'OHR-ICTY Working Group on Development of BiH Capacity for War-crimes trials Successfully Completed', 21 February 2003.
36. See supra note 27.
37. See, e.g. R. Zacklin, 'The Failings of Ad Hoc International Tribunals', 2 JICJ (2004), at 541.
38. See supra note 27.
39. See supra note 27.
40. Available on the UN website at http://www.un.org/geninfo/ir/ch5.txt.htm (visited 29 May 2004).
41. Amnesty International, 'Bosnia-Herzegovina: Shelving justice - war crimes prosecutions in paralysis', 12 November 2003, p. 3, available online at http://web.amnesty.org/library/print/ENGEUR630182003 (visited August 2004).
42. Ibid., Recommendation 1.
43. Dissenting Opinion of Judge David Hunt on Admissibility of Evidence in Chief in the form of Written Statement, 21 October 2003, §22, available online at http://www.un.org/icty/milosevic/appeal/decision-e/ 031021diss.htm (visited August 2004).
44. §21 of the Separate Opinion of Judge Shahabuddeen Appended to Appeals Chamber's Decision Dated 30 September 2003 on Admissibility of Evidence-in-Chief in the form of Written Statements (31 October 2003), available online at http://www.un.org/icty/milosevic/appeal/decision-e/ 031031-so.htm (visited August 2004).
45. See supra note 42.
46. See supra note 36.
47. Ibid., at 543.
48. See supra note 3.
49. On sentencing, see T. Meron, 'Procedural Evolution in the ICTY', 2 JICJ (2004) 521, at 523-524.
50. See supra note 26.
51. Ibid.
52. The Bureau consists of 21 representatives elected by the ASP, 'to assist the Assembly in the discharge of its responsibilities' (Art. 112(3)(c) ICCSt).
53. The Coordination Council is provided for by Reg. 3 of the Regulations of the Court, as adopted on 26 May 2004. Regulation 4 provides for an Advisory Committee on Legal Texts with scope, under §3, for consultation with 'other interested groups or persons'.
54. See the Annex to the Policy Paper of the Office of the Prosecutor, available online at http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/organs/otp/ policy_annex_final_210404.pdf (visited August 2004).