The emergence of conversion in a Hindu-Buddhist polytropy: The Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, c. 1600-1995

Comparative Studies in Society and History

Volumn 47, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 755-780

  Gellner, David N ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CULTURE; POLITICAL DISCOURSE; RELIGION;

ASIA; EASTERN HEMISPHERE; EURASIA; KATHMANDU VALLEY; NEPAL; SOUTH ASIA; WORLD;

EID: 27144506029     PISSN: 00104175     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0010417505000344     Document Type: Review

References (88)

1. Allen, N. J. 1997. Hinduization: The Experience of the Thulung Rai. In, D. N. Gellner, J. Pfaff-Czarnecka, and J. Whelpton, eds., Nationalism and Ethnicity in a Hindu Kingdom: The Politics of Culture in Contemporary Nepal. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 303-23.
2. Alsop, I. 1996. Christians at the Malla Court: The Capuchin "Piccolo Libro." In, S. Lienhard, ed., Change and Continuity: Studies in the Nepalese Culture of the Kathmandu Valley. Alessandria: Edizioni dell'Orso/CESMEO, 123-35.
3. Barth, F. 1969. 'Introduction.' In, F. Barth, ed., Ethnic Groups and Boundaries. Bergen: Universitets Forlaget, 9-38.
4. Bennett, L. 1983. Dangerous Wives and Sacred Sisters: Social and Symbolic Worlds of High-Caste Women in Nepal. New York: Columbia University Press.
5. Borgström, B. E. 1980. The Patron and the Pancha: Village Values and Panchayat Democracy in Nepal. New Delhi: Vikas.
6. Bouillier, V. 1995. Du bon usage des Brahmanes: Les Bahun et l'état népalais. Journal Asiatique 283, 2: 445-68.
7. Brekke, T. 2003. Conversions in Buddhism? In, R. Robinson and S. Clarke, eds., Religious Conversion in India: Modes, Motivations, and Meanings. Oxford University Press: Delhi, 181-91.
8. Brinkhaus, H. 1996. Tolerance and Syncretism in the Religious History of the Kathmandu Valley. In, S. Lienhard, ed., Change and Continuity: Studies in the Nepalese Culture of the Kathmandu Valley. Alessandria: Edizioni dell'Orso/CESMEO, 137-47.
9. Burghart, R. 1996. The Conditions of Listening: Essays on Religion, History and Politics in South Asia. C. J. Fuller and J. Spencer, eds. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
10. Carrithers, M. 2000. On Polytropy: Or the Natural Condition of Spiritual Cosmo-politanism in India: The Digambar Jain Case. Modern Asian Studies 34, 4:831-61.
11. Chalmers, R. 2003. "'We Nepalis': Language, Literature and the Formation of a Nepali Public Sphere in India, 1914-1940." Ph.D. thesis, School of Oriental and Asian Studies, London.
12. Country. 1993. Country Paper on Indigenous Peoples of Nepal. Kathmandu: The National Committee for the International Year (1993) for the World's Indigenous Peoples, Nepal.
13. Dharmalok Mahasthabir, Bhikkhu. 1965. Buddha's Doctrine of Universal Flux, Whose Religion is True, and Answers to Five Questions Raised by Hemraj Timilsina Sharma. Kathmandu: Self-published.
14. Dhungel, S.P.S., B. Adhikari, B. P. Bhandari, and C. Murgatroyd. 1998. Commentary on the Nepalese Constitution. Kathmandu: DeLF.
15. Douglas, W. 2002. 'The Fifteenth-Century Re-Invention of Nepalese Buddhism.' D.Phil. thesis, University of Oxford.
16. Dumont, L. 1960. World Renunciation in Indian Religions. Contributions to Indian Sociology 4:33-62. (Repr. in L. Dumont 1980, Homo Hierarchicus. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 267-86.)
17. Fisher, H. J. 1973. Conversion Reconsidered: Some Historical Aspects of Religious Conversion in Black Africa. Africa 43:27-40.
18. Fisher, H. J. 1985. The Juggernaut's Apologia. Africa 55:153-73.
19. Fisher, W. F. 2001. Fluid Boundaries: Forming and Transforming Identity in Nepal. New York: Columbia University Press.
20. Flood, G. 2003. Introduction: Establishing the Boundaries. In, G. Flood, ed., The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism. Oxford: Blackwell.
21. Gaborieau, M. 1982. Les rapports de classe dans l'idéologie officielle du Népal. Purusartha 6:251-90.
22. Gaenszle, M. 1997. Changing Concepts of Ethnic Identity among the Mewahang Rai. In, D. N. Gellner, J. Pfaff-Czarnecka, and J. Whelpton, eds., Nationalism and Ethnicity in a Hindu Kingdom: The Politics of Culture in Contemporary Nepal. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 351-73.
23. Geertz, C. 1973. The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. New York: Basic Books.
24. Gellner, D. N. 1986. Language, Caste, Religion, and Territory: Newar Identity Ancient and Modern. European Journal of Sociology 26:102-48.
25. Gellner, D. N. 1992. Monk, Householder, and Tantric Priest: Newar Buddhism and Its Hierarchy of Ritual. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
26. Gellner, D. N. 1996. A Sketch of the History of Lalitpur (Patan) with Special Reference to Buddhism Contributions to Nepalese Studies 23, 1:125-57.
27. Gellner, D. N. 1997. Caste, Communalism, and Communism: Newars and the Nepalese State.' In, D. N. Gellner, J. Pfaff-Czarnecka, and J. Whelpton, eds., Nationalism and Ethnicity in a Hindu Kingdom: The Politics of Culture in Contemporary Nepal. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 151-84.
28. Gellner, D. N. 2001a. The Anthropology of Buddhism and Hinduism: Weberian Themes. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
29. Gellner, D. N. 2001b. From Group Rights to Individual Rights and Back: Nepalese Struggles with Culture and Equality. In, J. Cowan, M. Dembour, and R. Wilson, eds., Culture and the Anthropology of Rights. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 177-200.
30. Gellner, D. N. 2003. From Cultural Hierarchies to a Hierarchy of Multiculturalisms: The Case of the Newars of Nepal. In, M. Lecomte-Tilouine and P. Dolfuss, eds., Ethnic Revival and Religious Turmoil in the Himalayas. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 73-131.
31. Gellner, D. N. Forthcoming. Public Order, Inclusion, Hybridity: Preconditions of Democracy in Nepal. In, D. Thapa, ed., Inclusion and Democracy in Nepal. Lalitpur: Himal Books.
32. Gellner, D. N. and D. Quigley, eds., 1995. Contested Hierarchies: A Collaborative Ethnography of Caste among the Newars of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Oxford: Clarendon.
33. Gombrich, R. F. 1988. Theravada Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benares to Modern Colombo. London: Routledge.
34. Grandin, I. 1989. Music and Media in Local Life: Music Practice in a Newar Neighbourhood in Nepal. Linköping: Linköping University, Sweden.
35. Grapard, A. G. 1992. The Protocol of the Gods: A Study of the Kasuga Cult in Japanese History. Berkeley: University of California Press.
36. Gurung, H. 1998. Nepal: Social Demography and Expressions. Kathmandu: New Era.
37. Gurung, H. 2003. Social Demography of Nepal: Census 2001. Lalitpur: Himal Books.
38. Gutschow, N. 1982. Stadtraum und Ritual der Newarischen Städte im Kathmandu-Tal: Eine architektur-anthropologische Untersuchung. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer.
39. Halbfass, W. 1988. India and Europe: An Essay in Understanding. Albany: State University of New York Press.
40. Hefner, R. 1993. Introduction: World-Building and the Rationality of Conversion. In, R. Hefner, ed., Conversion to Christianity: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives on a Great Transformation. Berkeley: University of California Press, 3-44.
41. Höfer, A. 1979. The Caste Hierarchy and the State in Nepal: A Study of the Muluki Ain of 1854. Innsbruck: Universitätsverlag Wagner.
42. Hoftun, M., W. Raeper, and J. Whelpton. 1999. People, Politics and Ideology: Democracy and Social Change in Nepal. Kathmandu: Mandala Book Point.
43. Horton, R. 1971. African Conversion. Africa 41:85-108.
44. Horton, R. 1975. On the Rationality of Conversion. Africa 45:219-35, 373-99.
45. Ikenga-Metuh, E. 1987. The Shattered Microcosm: A Critical Survey of Explanations of Conversion in Africa. In, K. Holst Petersen, ed., Religion, Development and African Identity. Uppsala: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 11-27.
46. Joshi, M. B. and L. Rose. 1966. Democratic Innovations in Nepal: A Case Study of Political Acculturation. Berkeley: University of California Press.
47. Kloppenberg, R. 1977. Theravada Buddhism in Nepal. Kailash 5, 4:301-21.
48. Krauskopff, G. and M. Lecomte-Tilouine, eds. 1996. Célébrer le pouvoir: Dasai, une fête royale au Népal. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
49. Leve, L. 2002. Subjects, Selves, and the Politics of Personhood in Theravada Buddhism in Nepal. Journal of Asian Studies 61, 3:833-60.
50. Lévi, S. 1905. Le Népal: étude historique d'un royaume hindou (3 vols.). Paris: Leroux. (Reissued 1991, Delhi: Asian Educational Services.)
51. LeVine, S. and D. N. Gellner. Forthcoming. Rebuilding Buddhism: The Theravada Movement in Twentieth-Century Nepal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
52. Levy, R. I. (with K. Rajopadhyaya). 1990. Mesocosm: Hinduism and the Organization of a Traditional Newar City in Nepal. Berkeley: University of California Press.
53. Lewis, T. T. 2000. Popular Buddhist Texts from Nepal: Narratives and Rituals of Newar Buddhism. Albany: SUNY Press.
54. Locke, J. 1980. Karunamaya: The Cult of Avalokitesvara-Matsyendranath in the Valley of Nepal. Kathmandu: Sahayogi.
55. Lorenzen, D. N. 1999. Who Invented Hinduism? Comparative Studies in Society and History 41, 4:630-59.
56. Mahapragya 1983 (3 vols.: 1983, 1995, 1998). Sāhityasutā karmasthānācārya wa bauddharsi Mahāprajñāyā ātmakathā (An Autobiography of Mahaprajna, the First Theravadi Bhikshu of Modern Nepal, D. Newami, trans. and ed. Rishi Ashram, Kathmandu: Sakalopasika.
57. Messerschmidt, D. and N. J. Gurung. 1974. Parallel Trade and Innovation in Central Nepal: The Case of the Gurung and Thakali Subbas Compared. In, C. von Fürer-Haimendorf, ed., Contributions to the Anthropology of Nepal. Warminster: Aris and Phillips, 197-221.
58. Meyer, B. 1996. Modernity and Enchantment: The Image of the Devil in Popular African Christianity. In, P. van der Veer, ed., Conversion to Modernities: The Globalization of Christianity. New York and London: Routledge, 199-230.
59. Michaels, A. 1997. The King and the Cow: On a Crucial Symbol of Hinduization in Nepal. In, D. N. Gellner, J. Pfaff-Czarnecka, and J. Whelpton, eds., Nationalism and Ethnicity in a Hindu Kingdom: The Politics of Culture in Contemporary Nepal. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 79-99.
60. Michaels, A. 2004. Hinduism, Past and Present, B. Harshav, trans. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
61. Onta, P. 1996. Creating a Brave Nepali Nation in British India: The Rhetoric of Jati Improvement, Rediscovery of Bhanubhakta and the Writing of Bir History. Studies in Nepali History and Society 1, 1:37-76.
62. Onta, P. 1997. Activities in a 'Fossil State': Balkrishna Sama and the Improvisation of Nepali Identity. Studies in Nepali History and Society 2, 1:69-102.
63. Owens, B. M. 1989. "The Politics of Divinity in the Kathmandu Valley: The Festival of Bungadya/Rato Matsyendranath." Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University.
64. Owens, B. M. 2000. Envisioning Identity: Deity, Person, and Practice in the Kathmandu Valley. American Ethnologist 27, 3:702-35.
65. Peel, J.D.Y. 1977. Conversion and Tradition in Two African Societies: Ijebu and Buganda. Past and Present 77:108-41.
66. Peel, J.D.Y. 1990. The Pastor and the Babalawo: The Interaction of Religions in Nineteenth-Century Yorubaland. Africa 60:338-69.
67. Petech, L. 1984. Mediaeval History of Nepal (c. 750-1482). Rome: ISMEO.
68. Pfaff-Czarnecka, J. 1996. A Battle of Meanings: Commemorating Goddess Durga's Victory over the Demon Mahisa as a Political Act. Kailash 18, 3-4:57-92.
69. Pfaff-Czarnecka, J. 1997. Vestiges and Visions: Cultural Change in the Process of Nation-Building in Nepal. In, D. N. Gellner, J. Pfaff-Czarnecka, and J. Whelpton, eds., Nationalism and Ethnicity in a Hindu Kingdom: The Politics of Culture in Contemporary Nepal. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 419-70.
70. Pigg, S. L. 1992. Inventing Social Categories through Space: Social Representations of Development in Nepal. Comparative Studies in Society and History 34:491-593.
71. Quigley, D. 1996. Social Mobility and Social Fragmentation in the Newar Caste System. In, S. Lienhard, ed., Change and Continuity: Studies in the Nepalese Culture of the Kathmandu Valley. Alessandrio: Edizioni dell'Orso/CESMEO, 69-84.
72. Robinson, R. and S. Clarke, eds. 2003. Religious Conversion in India: Modes, Motivations, and Meanings. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
73. Rosser, C. 1966. Social Mobility in the Newar Caste System. In, C. von Fürer-Haimendorf, ed., Caste and Kin in Nepal, India and Ceylon. Bombay: Asia Publishing House, 68-139.
74. Sakya, K. M. 1991. Hindu Adhirajya, Nepalko Vidambana (Hindu kingdom: Nepal's humiliation) [in Nepali]. Kathmandu: Yuva Bauddha Samuha.
75. Shrestha, B. G. 1999. The Newars: The Indigenous Population of the Kathmandu Valley in the Modern State of Nepal. Contributions to Nepalese Studies 26, 1:83-117.
76. Srinivas, M. N. 1956. A Note on Sanskritization and Westernization. Journal of Asian Studies (Far Eastern Quarterly) 15, 4:481-96.
77. Staal, F. 1963. Sanskrit and Sanskritization. Journal of Asian Studies 23, 3:26-75.
78. Toffin, G. 1984. Société et religion chez les Néwar du Népal. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
79. Toffin, G. 1993. Le Palais et Le Temple: Le Fonction Royale dans la Vallée de Népal. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
80. Tuladhar, Y. R. 1992. Nepal's Misfortune, the Unequal Treaty and Brahmanism. Kathmandu: Rosan Ratna Tuladhar.
81. Ullmann-Margalit, E. 1985. Opting: The Case of 'Big' Decisions. In, P. Wapnewsky, ed., Yearbook of the Institute of Advanced Study, Berlin. Berlin: Wissenschaftskolleg, 441-54.
82. Vajracharya, A. K. 1980 (VS 2037). Bungadyo Nepale Hahgu Khā (The story of how Bungadyo was brought to Nepal) [in Nepal Bhasha]. Lalitpur: self-published.
83. Van der Veer, P. 1994. Religious Nationalism: Hindus and Muslims in India. Berkeley: University of California Press.
84. Viswanathan, G. 1998. Outside the Fold: Conversion, Modernity and Belief. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
85. Von Stietencron, H. 1997. Hinduism: On the Proper Use of a Deceptive Term. In. G.-D. Sontheimer and H. Kulke, eds., Hinduism Reconsidered. Delhi: Manohar.
86. Whelpton, J. 1991. Kings, Soldiers and Priests: Nepalese Politics, 1830-1857. Delhi: Manohar.
87. Whelpton, J. 1997. Political Identity in Nepal: State, Nation and Community. In, D. N. Gellner, J. Pfaff-Czarnecka, and J. Whelpton, eds., Nationalism and Ethnicity in a Hindu Kingdom: The Politics of Culture in Contemporary Nepal. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 39-78.
88. Whelpton, J. 2005. A History of Nepal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.