A comparison of solute fluxes and sources from glacial and non-glacial catchments over contrasting melt seasons

Hydrological Processes

Volumn 19, Issue 15, 2005, Pages 2991-3012

  Lafrenière, Melissa J ^a,b   Sharp, Martin J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^b QUEEN S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Inorganic solutes; Snowmelt and glacial hydrochemistry; Solute flux runoff relationships; Weathering

Indexed keywords

CATCHMENTS; CLIMATE CHANGE; GLACIAL GEOLOGY; NITRATES; PERTURBATION TECHNIQUES; RUNOFF; SNOW; SOILS; WEATHERING;

CATCHMENT GEOLOGY; INORGANIC SOLUTES; SOLUTE FLUX-RUNOFF RELATIONSHIPS;

HYDROLOGY;

GLACIAL HYDROLOGY; HYDROCHEMISTRY; MELTWATER; RUNOFF; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; WEATHERING;

ALBERTA; BOW RIVER; CANADA; NORTH AMERICA; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; WORLD;

EID: 27144500969     PISSN: 08856087     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/hyp.5812     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Aitken JD. 1997. Stratigraphy of the Middle Cambrian Platformal Succession, Southern Rocky Mountains. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, 398. Natural Resources Canada.
2. Anderson SP, Drever JI, Humphrey NF. 1997. Chemical weathering in glacial environments. Geology 25(5): 399-402.
3. Atkinson TC. 1983. Growth mechanisms of speleotherms in Castleguard Cave, Columbia Icefields, Alberta, Canada. Arctic and Alpine Research 15: 523-536.
4. Bottrell S, Tranter M. 2002. Sulphide oxidation under partially anoxic conditions at the bed of the Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland. Hydrological Processes 16: 2363-2368.
5. Braithwaite R, Zhang Y. 1999. Modelling changes in glacier mass balance that may occur as a result of climate changes. Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography 81: 489-496.
6. Brantley SL, Chelsey JT, Stillings LL. 1998. Isotopic ratios and release rates of strontium measured from weathering of feldspars. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 62: 1493-1500.
7. Brooks PD, Williams MW. 1999. Snowpack controls on nitrogen cycling and export in seasonally snow-covered catchments. Hydrological Processes 13: 2177-2190.
8. Brooks PD, Campbell DH, Tonnessen KA, Heuer K. 1999. Natural variability in N export from headwater catchments: snow cover controls on ecosystem N retention. Hydrological Processes 13: 2191-2201,
9. 86Sr throughout the Phanerozoic time. Geology 10: 516-519.
10. Campbell DH, Baron J, Tonnessen KA, Brooks PD, Schuster P. 2000. Controls on nitrogen flux in alpine/subalpine watersheds of Colorado. Water Resources Research 36(1): 37-47.
11. Clark I, Fritz P. 1997. Environmental Isotopes in Hydrogeology. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL.
12. Claypool GE, Holser WT, Kaplan IR, Sakai H, Zak L. 1980. The age curves of sulfur and oxygen isotopes in marine sulphate and their mutual interpretation. Chemical Geology 28: 199-260.
13. Cress RG, Williams MW, Sievering H. 1995. Dry depositional loading of nitrogen to an alpine snowpack, Niwot Ridge, Colorado. In Biogeochemistry of Seasonally Snow-Covered Catchments, Tonnessen KA, Williams MW, Tranter M (eds). IAHS Publication No. 228. IARS Press: Wallingford; 33-40.
14. Drever JI. 1997. Weathering and water chemistry. In The Geochemistry of Natural Waters: Surface and Groundwater Environments. Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River; 235-288.
15. Dyurgerov M. 2002. Glacier Mass Balance and Regime: Data of Measurements and Analysis. Occasional Paper No. 55. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado: Boulder.
16. Dyurgerov M. 2003. Mountain and subpolar glaciers show an increase in sensitivity to climate warming and intensification of water cycle. Journal of Hydrology 282: 164-176.
17. Fairchild IJ, Bradby L, Sharp M, Tison J-L. 1994. Hydrochemistry of carbonate terrains in alpine glacial settings. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 19: 33-54.
18. Fountain AG. 1996. Effect of snow and firn hydrology on the physical and chemical characteristics of glacial runoff. Hydrological Processes 10: 509-521.
19. Fyfe JC, Flato G. 1999. Enhanced climate change and its detection over the Rocky Mountains. Journal of Climate 12: 230-243.
20. Grasby SE, Hutcheon I, Krouse HR. 2000. The influence of water-rock interaction on the chemistry of thermal springs in western Canada. Applied Geochemistry 15: 439-454.
21. Hanor JS. 2000. Barite-celestine geochemistry and environments of formation. In Sulphate Minerals: Crystallography, Geochemistry, and Environmental Significance, Alpers CN, Jambor JL, Nordstrom DK (eds). Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry. Geological Society of America: 193-263.
22. Hein FJ, McMechan ME. 1994. Protozoic and Lower Cambrian strata of the western Canada sedimentary basin. In Geological Atlas of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, Mossop GD, Shetsen I (eds). Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists and Alberta Research Council. http://www.ags. gov.ab.ca/AGS_PUB/ATLAS_WWW/A_CH06/CH_06.HTM.
23. 18O by combustion in metallic foil. Technical Procedure 31.0. Environmental Isotope Laboratory, University of Waterloo.
24. Hemskerk RA. 1993b. Sulphur 34/32 determination. Technical procedure 26.0. Environmental Isotope Laboratory, University of Waterloo.
25. Heuer K, Brooks PD, Tonnessen KA. 1999. Nitrogen dynamics in two high elevation catchments during spring snowmelt 1996, Rocky Mountains, Colorado. Hydrological Processes 13: 2203-2214.
26. Houghton JT, Ding Y, Griggs DJ, Noguer M, van der Linden PJ, Dai X, Maskell K, Johnson CA (eds). 2001. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK.
27. Koffyberg A. 1994. Strontium isotopic constraints on the geochemistry and origin of regional vein-forming fluids in the southern Canadian Cordillera. M.Sc. thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton.
28. Kretz R. 1985. Calculation and illustration of uncertainty in geochemical analysis. Journal of Geological Education 33: 40-44.
29. Lafrenière MJ, Sharp MJ. 2003. Wavelet analysis of inter-annual variability in the runoff regimes of glacial and nival stream catchments, Bow Lake, Alberta. Hydrological Processes 17: 1093-1118.
30. Lafrenière MJ, Sharp MJ. 2004. The concentration and fluorescence of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in glacial and non-glacial catchments: interpreting hydrological flow routing and DOC sources. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research 36(2): 156-165.
31. Machel HG, Anderson JH. 1989. Pervasive subsurface dolomitization of the Nisku Formation in central Alberta. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 59: 891-911.
32. Machel HG, Krouse HR, Riciputi LR, Cole DR. 1995. Devonian Nisku Sour Gas Play, Canada: a unique natural laboratory for study of thermochemical sulphate reduction. In Geochemical Transformations of Sedimentary Sulphur, Vairavamurthy MA, Schoonens MA (eds). ACS Symposium Series No.612. American Chemical Society: Washington, DC; 439-454.
33. Meybeck M. 1987. Global chemical weathering of surficial rocks estimated from river dissolved loads. American Journal of Science 287: 401-428.
34. Montañez IP, Osleger DA, Banner JL, Mack LE, Musgrove M. 2000. Evolution of the Sr and C isotope composition of Cambrian oceans. GSA Today 10(5): 1-7.
35. Moore RD, Demuth MN. 2001. Mass balance and streamflow variability at Place Glacier, Canada, in relation to recent climate fluctuations. Hydrological Processes 15: 3473-3486.
36. Nesbitt BE, Muehlenbachs K. 1994. Paleohydrogeology of the Canadian Rockies and origins of brines, Pb-Zn deposits and dolomitization in the western Canada sedimentary basin. Geology 22: 243-246.
37. NOAA. 2004. Climate Prediction Center-data: southern oscillation index (S01): (stand Tahiti-stand Darwin) sea level pressure. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. ftp://ftpprd.ncep.noaa.gov/pub/cpc/ wd52dg/data/indices/soi [1 June 2003].
38. Price RA, Mountjoy EW. 1978. Hector Lake (east and west halves). Geological Survey of Canada.
39. Rusch D, Sievering H. 1995. Variation in ambient air nitrogen concentration and total annual atmospheric deposition at Niwot Ridge, Colorado. In Biogeochemistry of Seasonally Snow-Covered Catchments, Tonnessen KA, Williams MW, Tranter M (eds), IAHS Publication No. 228. IAHS Press: Wallingford; 23-32.
40. Sharp MJ, Creaser RA, Skidmore M. 2002. Strontium isotope composition from a glaciated carbonate terrain. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66(4): 595-614.
41. Sickman JO, Leydecker A, Melack JM. 2001. Nitrogen mass balances and abiotic controls on N retention and yield in high-elevation catchments of the Sierra Nevada. Water Resources Research 37(5): 1445-1461.
42. Sickman JO, Melack JM, Stoddard JL. 2002. Regional analysis of inorganic nitrogen yield and retention in high-elevation ecosystems or the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains. Biogeochemistry 57-58: 341-374.
43. Sueker J, Clow DW, Ryan JN, Jarrett RD. 2001. Effect of basin physical characteristics on solute fluxes in nine alpine/subalpine basins, Colorado, USA. Hydrological Processes 15: 2749-2769.
44. Taylor AS, Blum JD, Lasaga AS, MacInnis IN. 2000. Kinetics of dissolution and Sr release during biotite and phlogopite weathering. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 64: 1191-1208.
45. Taylor JR. 1997. An Introduction to Error Analysis. University Science Books: Sausalito.
46. Tranter M, Brown GH, Raiswell R, Sharp MJ, Gurnell AM. 1993. A conceptual model of solute acquisition by alpine glacial meltwaters. Journal of Glaciology 39: 573-581.
47. Turekian KK, Wedepohl KH. 1961. Distribution of the elements in some major units of the Earth's crust. Geological Society of America Bulletin 72: 175-182.
48. 18O abundances differentiate Upper Cambrian and Lower Devonian gypsumbearing units, District of Mackenzie, N.W.T.-an update. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 19: 1246-1254.
49. 18O in sulfate. In Environmental Geochemistry of Sulphide Oxidation, Alpers CN, Blowes DW (eds). ACS Symposium Series 550. American Chemical Society: Washington, DC; 446-480.
50. Wadham JL, Bottrell S, Tranter M, Raiswell R. 2004. Stable isotope evidence for microbial sulphate reduction at the bed of a polythermal high Arctic glacier. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 219: 341-355.
51. White AF, Blum AE. 1995. Effects of climate on chemical weathering in watersheds. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59(9): 1729-1747.
52. Williams MW, Brooks PD, Mosier A, Tonnessen KA. 1996. Mineral nitrogen transformations in and under seasonal snow in a high-elevation catchment in the Rocky Mountains, United States. Water Resources Research 32: 3161-3171.
53. Williams MW, Davinroy T, Brooks PD. 1997. Organic and inorganic nitrogen pools in talus fields and subtalus water, Green Lakes Valley, Colorado Front Range. Hydrological Processes 11: 1747-1760.