Perceptually based brush strokes for nonphotorealistic visualization

ACM Transactions on Graphics

Volumn 23, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 64-96

  Healey, Christopher G ^a,c   Tateosian, Laura ^a,c   Enns, James T ^b   Remple, Mark ^b  

^a NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^c North Carolina State University   (United States)

Author keywords

Abstractionism; Color; Computer graphics; Human vision; Impressionism; Nonphotorealistic rendering; Perception; Psychophysics; Scientific visualization; Texture

Indexed keywords

HUMAN VISION; NONPHOTOREALISTIC RENDERING; PSYCHOPHYSICS; SCIENTIFIC VISUALIZATION;

DATABASE SYSTEMS; INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY; TEXTURES; VIRTUAL REALITY; VISION;

THREE DIMENSIONAL COMPUTER GRAPHICS;

EID: 27144481490     PISSN: 07300301     EISSN: 07300301     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1145/966131.966135     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. AKS, D. J. AND ENNS, J. T. 1996. Visual search for size is influenced by a background texture gradient. J. Experim. Psych.: Human Percept. Perf. 22, 6, 1467-1481.
2. BERGMAN, L. D., ROGOWITZ, B. E., AND TREINISH, L. A. 1995. A rule-based tool for assisting colormap selection. In Proceedings of Visualization '95 (Atlanta, Ga.). 118-125.
3. BIRREN, F. 1969. Munsell: A Grammar of Color. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, New York.
4. BROWN, R. 1978. Impressionist technique: Pissarro's optical mixture. In Impressionism in Perspective, B. E. White, Ed. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N. J., 114-121.
5. CALLAGHAN, T. C. 1990. Interference and dominance in texture segregation. In Visual Search, D. Brogan, Ed. Taylor & Francis, New York, 81-87.
6. CHEVREUL, M. E. 1967. The Principles of Harmony and Contrast of Colors and Their Applications to the Arts. Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York.
7. CIE. 1978. CIE Publication No. 15, Supplement Number 2 (E-1.3.1, 1971): Official Recommendations on Uniform Color Spaces, Color-Difference Equations, and Metric Color Terms. Commission Internationale de L'Èclairge.
8. COREN, S., WARD, L. M., AND ENNS, J. T. 2003. Sensation and Perception (6th Edition). Wiley, New York, New York.
9. CUTTING, C. J., ANDERSON, S. E., SEIMS, J. E., FLEISCHER, K. W., AND SALESIN, D. H. 1997. Computer-generated watercolor. In SIGGRAPH97 Conference Proceedings (Los Angeles, Calif.) T. Whitted, Ed. ACM, New York, 421-430.
10. CUTTING, J. E. AND MILLARD, R. T. 1984. Three gradients and the perception of flat and curved surfaces. J. Experiment. Psych.: General 113, 2, 198-216.
11. EBERT, D. AND RHEINGANS, P. 2000. Volume illustration: Non-photorealistic rendering of volume models. In Proceedings of Visualization 2000 (San Francisco, Calif.). 195-202.
12. EGETH, H. E. AND YANTIS, S. 1997. Visual attention: Control, representation, and time course. Ann. Rev. Psychol. 48, 269-297.
13. FINKELSTEIN, A. AND SALESIN, D. H. 1994. Multiresolution curves. In SIGGRAPH 94 Conference Proceedings (Orlando, Fla.), A. S. Glassner, Ed. ACM, New York, 261-268.
14. GOOCH, B., COOMBE, G., AND SHIRLEY, P. 2002. Artistic vision: Painterly rendering using computer vision techniques. In Proceedings of the NPAR 2002 Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering (Annecy, France). 83-90.
15. GOOCH, B. AND GOOCH, A. 2001. Non-Photorealistic Rendering. A K Peters, Ltd., Natick, Mass.
16. GRINSTEIN, G., PICKETT, R., AND WILLIAMS, M. 1989. EXVIS: An exploratory data visualization environment. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface '89 (London, Ont., Canada). 254-261.
17. HABERLI, P.- 1990. Paint by numbers: Abstract image representations. Comput. Graph. (SIGGRAPH 90 Conference Proceedings) 24, 4, 207-214.
18. HABERLI, P. AND SEGAL, M. 1993. Texture mapping as a fundamental drawing primative. In Proceedings of the 4th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, (Paris, France). M. Cohen, C. Puech, and F. Sillion, Eds. 259-266.
19. HARALICK, R. M., SHANMUGAM, K., AND DINSTEIN, I. 1973. Textural features for image classification. IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, and Cybernet. SMC-3, 6, 610-621.
20. HEALEY, C. G. 1996. Choosing effective colors for data visualization. In Proceedings of Visualization '96 (San Francisco, Calif.). 263-270.
21. HEALEY, C. G., BOOTH, K. S., AND ENNS, J. T. 1996. High-speed visual estimation using preattentive processing. ACM Trans. Computer-Hum. Interact. 3, 2, 107-135.
22. HEALEY, C. G. AND ENNS, J. T. 1998. Building perceptual textures to visualize multidimensional datasets. In Proceedings of Visualization '98 (Research Triangle Park, N. C.). 111-118.
23. HEALEY, C. G. AND ENNS, J. T. 1999. Large datasets at a glance: Combining textures and colors in scientific visualization. IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graph. 5, 2, 145-167.
24. HERING, E. 1964. Outlines of a Theory of Light Sense. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
25. HERTZMANN, A. 1998. Painterly rendering with curved brush strokes of multiple sizes. In SIGGRAPH 98 Conference Proceedings (Orlando, Fla.). M. Cohen, Ed. ACM, New York, 453-460.
26. HERTZMANN, A. 2002. Fast texture maps. In Proceedings of NPAR 2002 Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering (Annecy, France). 91-96.
27. HERTZMANN, A., JACOBS, C. E., OLIVER, N., CURLESS, B., AND SALESIN, D. H. 2001. Image analogies. In SIGGRAPH 2001 Conference Proceedings (Los Angeles, Calif.). E. Fiume, Ed. ACM, New York, 327-340.
28. HSU, S. C. AND LEE, I. H. H. 1994. Drawing and animation using skeletal strokes. In SIGGRAPH 94 Conference Proceedings (Orlando, Fla.). A. Glassner, Ed. ACM, New York, 109-118.
29. INTERRANTE, V. 2000. Harnessing natural textures for multivariate visualization. IEEE Comput. Graph. Applic, 20, 6, 6-11.
30. JULÉSZ, B. 1975. Experiments in the visual perception of texture. Scient. Amer. 232, 34-43.
31. JULÉSZ, B. 1984. A brief outline of the texton theory of human vision. Trends Neurosci. 7, 2, 41-45.
32. JULÉSZ, B., GILBERT, E. N., AND SHEPP, L. A. 1973. Inability of humans to discriminate between visual textures that agree in second-order statistics - revisited. Perception 2, 391-405.
33. JULÉSZ, B., GILBERT, E. N., AND VICTOR, J. D. 1978. Visual discrimination of textures with identical third-order statistics. Biologic. Cybernet. 31, 137-140.
34. KIRBY, R. M., MARMANIS, H., AND LAIDLAW, D. H. 1999. Visualizing multivalued data from 2D incompressible flows using concepts from painting. In. Proceedings of Visualization '99 (San Francisco, Calif.). 333-340.
35. LAIDLAW, D. H. 2001. Loose, artistic "textures" for visualization. IEEE Comput. Graph. Applic. 21, 2, 6-9.
36. LAIDLAW, D. H., AHRENS, E. T., KREMERS, D., AVALOS, M. J., JACOBS, R. E., AND READHEAD, C. 1998. Visualizing diffusion tensor images of the mouse spinal cord. In Proceedings of Visualization '98 (Research Triangle Park, N. C.). 127-134.
37. LEWIS, J.-P. 1984. Texture synthesis for digital painting. Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH 84 Proceedings) 18, 3, 245-252.
38. LITWINOWICZ, P. 1997. Processing images and video for an impressionist effect. In SIGGRAPH 97 Conference Proceedings, (Los Angeles, Calif). T. Whitted, Ed. ACM, New York, 407-414.
39. LIU, G., HEALEY, C. G., AND ENNS, J. T. 2003. Target detection and localization in visual search: A dual systems perspective. Percept. Psychophys. 65, 5, 678-694.
40. LU, A., MORRIS, C. J., EBERT, D. S., RHEINGANS, P., AND HANSEN, C. 2002. Non-photorealistic volume rendering using stippling techniques. In Proceedings of Visualization 2002 (Boston, Mass.), 211-218.
41. MACEACHREN, A. M. 1995. How Maps Work. Guilford Publications, Inc., New York.
42. MACK, A. AND ROCK, I. 1998. Inattentional Blindness. MIT Press, Menlo Park, Calif.
43. MCCORMICK, B. H., DEFANTI, T. A., AND BROWN, M. D. 1987. Visualization in scientific computing. Comput. Graph. 21, 6, 1-14.
44. MEIER, B. J. 1996. Painterly rendering for animation. In SIGGRAPH 96 Conference Proceedings (New Orleans, La.) H. Rushmeier, Ed. ACM, New York, 477-484.
45. MUNSELL, A. H. 1905. A Color Notation. Geo. H. Ellis Co., Boston, Mass.
46. POMERANTZ, J. AND PRISTACH, E. A. 1989. Emergent features, attention, and perceptual glue in visual form perception. J. Experim. Psych.: Human Percept. Perf. 15, 4, 635-649.
47. POSNER, M. I. AND RAICHLE, M. E. 1994. Images of mind. Scientific American Library.
48. RAMACHANDRAN, V. S. AND HIRSTEIN, W. 1999. The science of art: A neurological theory of aesthetic experience. J. Conscious. Stud. 6, 6-7, 15-51.
49. RAO, A. R. AND LOHSE, G. L. 1993a. Identifying high level features of texture perception. CVGIP: Graph. Models Image Process. 55, 3, 218-233.
50. RAO, A. R. AND LOUSE, G. L. 1993b. Towards a texture naming system: Identifying relevant dimensions of texture. In Proceedings of Visualization '93 (San Jose, Calif), 220-227.
51. RENSINK, R. A. 2000. Seeing, sensing, and scrutinizing. Vision Res. 40, 10-12, 1469-1487.
52. RHEINGANS, P. AND EBERT, D. 2001. Volume illustration: Nonphotorealistic rendering of volume models. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 7, 3, 253-264.
53. RHEINGANS, P. AND TEBBS, B. 1990. A tool for dynamic explorations of color mappings. Comput. Graph. 24, 2, 145-146.
54. ROGOWITZ, B. E. AND TREINISH, L. A. 1993. An architecture for rule-based visualization. In Proceedings of Visualization '93 (San Jose, Calif.), 236-243.
55. ROOD, O. N. 1879. Modern Chromatics, with Applications to Art and Industry. Appleton, New York.
56. ROSENBLUM, L. J. 1994. Research issues in scientific visualization. IEEE Comput. Graph. Applic. 14, 2, 61-85.
57. SALISBURY, M., ANDERSON, C., LISCHINSKI, D., AND SALESIN, D. H. 1996. Scale-dependent reproduction of pen-and-ink illustrations. In SIGGRAPH 96 Conference Proceedings (New Orleans, La), H. Rushmeier, Ed. ACM, New York, 461-468.
58. SALISBURY, M., ANDERSON, S. E., BARZEL, R., AND SALESIN, D. H. 1994. Interactive pen-and-ink illustrations. In SIGGRAPH 94 Conference Proceedings, (Orlando, Fla.). A. S. Glassner, Ed. ACM, New York, 101-108.
59. SALISBURY, M., WONG, M. T., HUGUES, J. F., AND SALESIN, D. H. 1997. Orientable textures for image-based pen-and-ink illustration. In SIGGRAPH 97 Conference Proceedings (Los Angeles, Calif.). T. Whitted, Ed. 401-406.
60. SCHAPIRO, M. 1997. Impressionism: Reflections and Perceptions. George Brazillier, Inc., New York.
61. SHIRAISHI, M. AND YAMAGUCHI, Y. 1999. Image moment-based stroke placement. In SIGGRAPH 99: Sketches & Applications (Los Angeles, Calif.). R. Kidd, Ed. ACM, New York, 247.
62. SIMONS, D. J. 2000. Current approaches to change blindness. Vis. Cognit. 7, 1/2/3, 1-15.
63. SLOCUM, T. A. 1998. Thematic Cartography and Visualization. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, N. J.
64. SMITH, P. H. AND VAN ROSENDALE, J. 1998. Data and visualization corridors report on the 1998 CVD workshop series (sponsored by DOE and NSF). Tech. Rep. CACR-164, Center for Advanced Computing Research, California Institute of Technology.
65. SNOWDEN, R. J. 1998. Texture segregation and visual search: A comparison of the effects of random variations along irrelevant dimensions. J. Experiment. Psych.: Human Percept. Perform. 24, 5, 1354-1367.
66. SOUSA, M. C. AND BUCHANAN, J. W. 1999a. Computer-generated graphite pencil rendering of 3d polygon models. Comput. Graph. Forum (Proceedings Eurographics '99) 18, 3, 195-208.
67. SOUSA, M. C. AND BUCHANAN, J. W. 1999b. Computer-generated pencil drawings. In Proceedings SKIGRAPH '99 (Banff, Canada).
68. SOUSA, M. C. AND BUCHANAN, J. W. 2000. Observational models of graphite pencil materials. Comput. Graph. Forum 19, 1, 27-49.
69. STRASSMANN, S. 1986. Hairy brushes. Comput. Graph. (SIGGRAPH 86 Proceedings) 20, 4, 185-194.
70. STROTHOTTE, T. AND SCHLECHTWEG, S. 2002. Non-Photorealistic Computer Graphics: Modeling, Rendering and Animation. Morgan-Kaufmann, Inc., San Francisco, Calif.
71. TAKAGI, S. AND FUJISHIRO, I. 1997. Microscopic structural modeling of colored pencil drawings. In SIGGRAPH 97 Sketches & Applications (Los Angeles, Calif.). D. S. Ebert, Ed. ACM, New York, 187.
72. TAKAGI, S., FUJISHIRO, I., AND NAKAJIMA, M. 1999. Volumetric modeling of artistic techniques in colored pencil drawing. In SIGGRAPH 99 Sketches & Applications, (Los Angeles, Calif.). R. Kidd, Ed. ACM, New York, 283.
73. TAMURA, H., MORI, S., AND YAMAWAKI, T. 1978. Textural features corresponding to visual perception. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man, and Cybernet. SMC-8, 6, 460-473.
74. TRIESMAN, A. 1985. Preattentive processing in vision. Comput. Vis. Graph. Image Process. 31, 156-177.
75. TRIESMAN, A. 1991. Search, similarity, and integration of features between and within dimensions. J. Experiment. Psych.: Human Percept. Perf. 17, 3, 652-676.
76. TRIESMAN, A. AND GORMICAN, S. 1988. Feature analysis in early vision: Evidence from search asymmetries. Psychol. Rev. 95, 1, 15-48.
77. TUFTE, E. R. 1983. The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Graphics Press, Cheshire, Conn.
78. TUFTE, E. R. 1990. Envisioning Information. Graphics Press, Cheshire, Conn.
79. TUFTE, E. R. 1997. Visual Explanations: Images and Quantities, Evidence and Narrative. Graphics Press, Cheshire, Conn.
80. VENTURI, L. 1978. Impressionist style. In Impressionism in Perspective, B. E. White, Ed. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N. J., 105-113.
81. WARE, C. 1988. Color sequences for univariate maps: Theory, experiments, and principles. IEEE Comput. Graph. Applic. 8, 5, 41-49.
82. WARE, C. 2000. Information Visualization: Perception for Design. Morgan-Kaufmann, San Francisco, Calif.
83. WARE, C. AND KNIGHT, W. 1995. Using visual texture for information display. ACM Trans. Graph. 14, 1, 3-20.
84. WEIGLE, C., EMIGH, W. G., LIU, G., TAYLOR, R. M., ENNS, J. T., AND HEALEY, C. G. 2000. Oriented texture slivers: A technique for local value estimation of multiple scalar fields. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2000 (Montreal, Quebec, Canada), 163-170.
85. WINKENBACH, G. AND SALESIN, D. H. 1994. Computer-generated pen-and-ink illustration. In SIGGRAPH 94 Conference Proceedings. (Orlando, Fla.). A. Glassner, Ed. ACM, New York, 91-100.
86. WINKENBACH, G. AND SALESIN, D. H. 1996. Rendering free-form surfaces in pen-and-ink. In SIGGRAPH 96 Conference Proceedings, (New Orleans, La.). H. Rushmeier, Ed. ACM, New York, 469-476.
87. WOLFE, J. M. 1994. Guided Search 2.0: A revised model of visual search. Psycho. Bull. Rev. 1, 2, 202-238.
88. WOLFE, J. M., KLEMPEN, N., AND DAHLEN, K. 2000. Post attentive vision. J. Experiment. Psych.: Human Percept. Perform. 26, 2, 693-716.
89. ZEKI, S. 1999. Inner Vision. Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K.