-
1
-
-
26944446457
-
'Droit belge'
-
This law came into force on 15 August The universal jurisdiction of the Belgian judge over war crimes differs from the usual conditions of extraterritorial jurisdiction See A. Cassese and M. Delmas-Marty (eds), (Paris: PUF, 2002), at
-
This law came into force on 15 August 1993. The universal jurisdiction of the Belgian judge over war crimes differs from the usual conditions of extraterritorial jurisdiction. See D. Vandermeersch, 'Droit belge', in A. Cassese and M. Delmas-Marty (eds), Juridictions nationales et crimes internationaux (Paris: PUF, 2002), at 89-97;
-
(1993)
Juridictions Nationales Et Crimes Internationaux
, pp. 89-97
-
-
Vandermeersch, D.1
-
2
-
-
26944437788
-
'La compétence universelle en droit belge'
-
Brugge: La Charte
-
D. Vandermeersch, 'La compétence universelle en droit belge', in Poursuites pénales et extraterritorialité (Brugge: La Charte, 2002), at 39-89;
-
(2002)
Poursuites Pénales Et Extraterritorialité
, pp. 39-89
-
-
Vandermeersch, D.1
-
3
-
-
26944450417
-
'Commentaire de la loi du 16 juin 1993 relative à la répression des infractions graves au droit international humanitaire'
-
A. Andries, E. David, C. Van Den Wyngaert and J. Verhaegen, 'Commentaire de la loi du 16 juin 1993 relative à la répression des infractions graves au droit international humanitaire', Revue de droit pénal et de criminologie (1994), at 1133.
-
(1994)
Revue De Droit Pénal Et De Criminologie
, pp. 1133
-
-
Andries, A.1
David, E.2
Van Den Wyngaert, C.3
Verhaegen, J.4
-
4
-
-
26944483750
-
-
Aside from the Statute of the ICC, no international agreement concerns crimes against humanity as such
-
Aside from the Statute of the ICC, no international agreement concerns crimes against humanity as such.
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
84881794088
-
'La loi du 10 février 1999 relative à la répression des violations graves du droit international humanitaire'
-
See, on this topic
-
See, on this topic, P. d'Argent, 'La loi du 10 février 1999 relative à la répression des violations graves du droit international humanitaire', Journal des Tribunaux (1999), at 554-555;
-
(1999)
Journal Des Tribunaux
, pp. 554-555
-
-
d'Argent, P.1
-
6
-
-
84920436911
-
'M. Pinochet, la coutume internationale et la cómpetence universelle'
-
note under Corr. Bruxelles, 6 November 1998
-
J. Verhoeven, 'M. Pinochet, la coutume internationale et la cómpetence universelle', note under Corr. Bruxelles, 6 November 1998, Journal des Tribunaux, 1999, at 311-315;
-
(1999)
Journal Des Tribunaux
, pp. 311-315
-
-
Verhoeven, J.1
-
7
-
-
84856372993
-
'Y-a-t-il un conflit insurmontable entre souverainete des Etats et justice pénale internationale'
-
A. Cassese and M. Delmas-Marty (eds), supra note 1
-
A. Cassese, 'Y-a-t-il un conflit insurmontable entre souverainete des Etats et justice pénale internationale', in A. Cassese and M. Delmas-Marty (eds), Crimes internationaux et juridictions internationales, supra note 1, at 22-29.
-
(1993)
Crimes Internationaux Et Juridictions Internationales
, pp. 22-29
-
-
Cassese, A.1
-
8
-
-
26944474699
-
'La compétence universelle en droit beige'
-
See. supra note 1
-
See D. Vandermeersch, 'La compétence universelle en droit beige', supra note 1, at 56-57.
-
(1993)
'Droit Belge'
, pp. 56-57
-
-
Vandermeersch, D.1
-
9
-
-
26944466038
-
'La loi du 10 février 1999 relative à la répression des violations graves du droit international humanitaire'
-
Moniteur beige, 23 March This Law came into force on 2 April 1999. See P. d'Argent, 1999
-
Moniteur beige, 23 March 1999. This Law came into force on 2 April 1999. See P. d'Argent, 'La loi du 10 février 1999 relative à la répression des violations graves du droit international humanitaire', Journal des Tribunaux (1999), at 550.
-
(1999)
Journal Des Tribunaux
, pp. 550
-
-
-
10
-
-
26944475850
-
'Any person who claims to have been the victim of a crime or délit is allowed to report it and become the partie civile (a private party who either institutes a prosecution independently or joins himself to the public prosecution) in proceedings before a judge'
-
In Belgium, in M. Delmas-Marty and J.R. Spencer (eds), European Criminal Procedure (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
-
In Belgium, 'Any person who claims to have been the victim of a crime or délit is allowed to report it and become the partie civile (a private party who either institutes a prosecution independently or joins himself to the public prosecution) in proceedings before a judge' (B. Pesquié and Y. Cartuiyvels, 'The Belgian System, in M. Delmas-Marty and J.R. Spencer (eds), European Criminal Procedure (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), at 94).
-
(2002)
'The Belgian System'
, pp. 94
-
-
Pesquié, B.1
Cartuiyvels, Y.2
-
11
-
-
26944468944
-
-
Moniteur belge, 7 May
-
Moniteur belge, 7 May 2003.
-
(2003)
-
-
-
12
-
-
26444612702
-
'Belgium's First Application of Universal Jurisdiction: The Butare Four Case'
-
Moniteur belge, 7 August 2003. See
-
Moniteur belge, 7 August 2003. See L. Reydams, 'Belgium's First Application of Universal Jurisdiction: The Butare Four Case', 2 Journal of International Criminal Justice (2003) 428-436.
-
(2003)
Journal of International Criminal Justice
, vol.2
, pp. 428-436
-
-
Reydams, L.1
-
13
-
-
26944445705
-
-
During the parliamentary debates, reference was made several times to the substantial deterioration of relations with the United States and namely to the latter's threat to remove the headquarters of NATO from Brussels Chambre, S.E. doc. 51/0103/003, at 14, 27, 28, 30 and
-
During the parliamentary debates, reference was made several times to the substantial deterioration of relations with the United States and namely to the latter's threat to remove the headquarters of NATO from Brussels (Report of the Justice Commission of the Chamber of Representatives, Documents parlementaires, Chambre, S.E. 2003, doc. 51/ 0103/003, at 14, 27, 28, 30 and 50).
-
(2003)
(Report of the Justice Commission of the Chamber of Representatives, Documents Parlementaires)
, pp. 50
-
-
-
14
-
-
26944456863
-
'The necessity of fighting against impunity regarding violations of international humanitarian law remains the government's starting point. Although one must admit: The new law will be much less ambitious. It does, in effect, constitute a step backwards.
-
The law of 5 August 2003 was adopted during an extraordinary session of the House of Representatives. Departure on leave was postponed in order to allow voting for three laws, one of which concerns international humanitarian law. Realism prevailed in the law of 5 August. This is reflected in the Justice Minister's statement: 'The necessity of fighting against impunity regarding violations of international humanitarian law remains the government's starting point. Although one must admit: The new law will be much less ambitious. It does, in effect, constitute a step backwards. Although this is regrettable, one must not forget that, on the one hand, Belgium could not avoid this reform, and on the other, that the new law is more realistic and puts an end to a highly criticised procedure introduced by the law of 23 April 2003, in §4, article 7 of the 1993 law', Report of the Justice Commission of the Chamber of Representatives, Documents parlementaires, Chambre, S.E. 2003, doc. 51/0103/003, at 11.
-
(2003)
Report of the Justice Commission of the Chamber of Representatives, Documents Parlementaires
, pp. 11
-
-
-
15
-
-
26944466037
-
'Détentions et poursuites judiciaires en Belgique'
-
W. Bourdon et al., Paris: Karthala
-
M.A. Swartenbroeckx, 'Détentions et poursuites judiciaires en Belgique', in W. Bourdon et al., La justice internationale face au drame rwandais (Paris: Karthala, 1996), at 143.
-
(1996)
La Justice Internationale Face Au Drame Rwandais
, pp. 143
-
-
Swartenbroeckx, M.A.1
-
16
-
-
26944443760
-
-
In Belgian law, the prosecutor is independent of the executive. The Justice Minister does not have any right of negative interference to prevent prosecution but may order the initiation of prosecution (Art. 151 of the Belgian Constitution)
-
In Belgian law, the prosecutor is independent of the executive. The Justice Minister does not have any right of negative interference to prevent prosecution but may order the initiation of prosecution (Art. 151 of the Belgian Constitution).
-
-
-
-
17
-
-
26944488594
-
'Parliamentary Investigation Commission for Rwanda, Summary Report of Auditions'
-
Sénat, COM-R 1-43
-
'Parliamentary Investigation Commission for Rwanda, Summary Report of Auditions', Documents parlementaires, Sénat, 1996-1997, COM-R 1-43, at 414.
-
(1996)
Documents Parlementaires
, pp. 414
-
-
-
18
-
-
26944488594
-
'Parliamentary Investigation Commission for Rwanda, Summary Report of Auditions'
-
For more detail on the process of these investigations, see Sénat, COM-R 1-43, at and under
-
For more detail on the process of these investigations, see 'Parliamentary Investigation Commission for Rwanda, Summary Report of Auditions', Documents parlementaires, Sénat, 1996-1997, COM-R 1-43, at 414 and under.
-
(1996)
Documents Parlementaires
, pp. 414
-
-
-
20
-
-
26944450808
-
-
In Belgium, members of government are granted privilege from jurisdiction
-
In Belgium, members of government are granted privilege from jurisdiction.
-
-
-
-
21
-
-
26944467460
-
-
Corr. Bruxelles (ch. cons.), 22 July 1996, 20 September
-
Corr. Bruxelles (ch. cons.), 22 July 1996, Journal des Procès, no. 310, 20 September 1996, at 28-31.
-
(1996)
Journal Des Procès
, Issue.310
, pp. 28-31
-
-
-
22
-
-
26944444949
-
-
Brussels (indictment), 27 June arrêt no. 1939
-
Brussels (indictment), 27 June 2000, arrêt no. 1939.
-
(2000)
-
-
-
23
-
-
26944501511
-
-
See Cass., 9 October 1996, Bull., 1996, at 962, at and the note by H.D. Bosly
-
See Cass., 9 October 1996, Bull., 1996, at 962, 77 Revue de droit pénal et de criminologie (1997), at 1076 and the note by H.D. Bosly.
-
(1997)
Revue De Droit Pénal Et De Criminologie
, vol.77
, pp. 1076
-
-
-
24
-
-
26944468556
-
-
note
-
After the law of 22 March 1996 came into effect, and following the divestment of the Belgian investigating judge by the Court of Cassation (Cass.), these three persons were temporarily arrested under the provisions of the law for their transfer to the ICC. Two of them were transferred to Arusha, and the indictment has not yet been confirmed for the third individual.
-
-
-
-
25
-
-
26944470664
-
-
Gand (indictment), 22 January in the case of N
-
Gand (indictment), 22 January 2000, in the case of N.
-
(2000)
-
-
-
26
-
-
26944475851
-
-
Two other Rwandan nationals residing in Belgium, having been indicted by the ICTR, were arrested in Belgium and transferred to the International Tribunal. See Cass., 7 August 2001
-
Two other Rwandan nationals residing in Belgium, having been indicted by the ICTR, were arrested in Belgium and transferred to the International Tribunal. See Cass., 7 August 2001, 82 Revue de droit pénal et de criminologie (2002), at 681;
-
(2002)
Revue De Droit Pénal Et De Criminologie
, vol.82
, pp. 681
-
-
-
27
-
-
26944433329
-
-
Bruxelles (indictment), 8 August 2001
-
Bruxelles (indictment), 8 August 2001, 82 Revue de droit pénal et de criminologie (2002), at 277,
-
(2002)
Revue De Droit Pénal Et De Criminologie
, vol.82
, pp. 277
-
-
-
29
-
-
26944464495
-
-
This trial will start on 9 May 2005 before the Court of Assizes in Brussels
-
This trial will start on 9 May 2005 before the Court of Assizes in Brussels.
-
-
-
-
30
-
-
26944456232
-
-
In conjunction with this case, another Rwandan accused has been held in Tanzania for several years pending extradition procedures in Rwanda and Belgium
-
In conjunction with this case, another Rwandan accused has been held in Tanzania for several years pending extradition procedures in Rwanda and Belgium.
-
-
-
-
31
-
-
26944449203
-
'Les décisions Pinochet au Royaume-Uni'
-
See
-
See J. Verhoeven, 'Les décisions Pinochet au Royaume-Uni', Journal des Tribunaux (2000), at 226-228;
-
(2000)
Journal Des Tribunaux
, pp. 226-228
-
-
Verhoeven, J.1
-
32
-
-
26944470266
-
'Sur l'ordonnance du juge d'instruction Vandermeersch rendue dans l'affaire Pinochet le 6 novembre 1998'
-
A. Weyembergh, 'Sur l'ordonnance du juge d'instruction Vandermeersch rendue dans l'affaire Pinochet le 6 novembre 1998', 32 Revue Belge de droit international (1999), at 178-204;
-
(1999)
Revue Belge De Droit International
, vol.32
, pp. 178-204
-
-
Weyembergh, A.1
-
33
-
-
26944501113
-
'Ordonnance du juge d'instruction de Bruxelles du 6 novembre 1998'
-
and under, with observations by H.-D. Bosly and J. Burneo Labrin, Journal des Tribunaux (1999) at 308 and observations by J. Verhoeven
-
'Ordonnance du juge d'instruction de Bruxelles du 6 novembre 1998', 79 Revue de droit pénal et de criminologie (1999) at 282 and under, with observations by H.-D. Bosly and J. Burneo Labrin, Journal des Tribunaux (1999) at 308 and observations by J. Verhoeven.
-
(1999)
Revue De Droit Pénal Et De Criminologie
, vol.79
, pp. 282
-
-
-
34
-
-
26944463004
-
-
See newspaper articles in Le Soir, 24 January 2000 and 24 January
-
See newspaper articles in Le Soir, 24 January 2000 and La libre Belgique, 24 January 2000.
-
(2000)
La Libre Belgique
-
-
-
35
-
-
26944487155
-
-
ICJ, (Democratic Republic of Congo v. Belgium) 14 February 2002, available online at www.icj-cij.org (docket) (last visited 16 March
-
ICJ, Case Concerning the Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (Democratic Republic of Congo v. Belgium) 14 February 2002, available online at www.icj-cij.org (docket) (last visited 16 March 2005).
-
(2005)
Case Concerning the Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000
-
-
-
36
-
-
26944488595
-
-
To this date, the Court of Appeals has not reached a decision
-
To this date, the Court of Appeals has not reached a decision.
-
-
-
-
37
-
-
26944487879
-
-
See (Belgian House of Representatives bulletin), 50th legislature, no. 020, 17 March
-
See Informations parlementaires (Belgian House of Representatives bulletin), 50th legislature, no. 020, 17 March 2000, at 9.
-
(2000)
Informations Parlementaires
, pp. 9
-
-
-
38
-
-
26944486526
-
-
Cass., 24 September ref. P.03.1217.F
-
Cass., 24 September 2003, ref. P.03.1217.F.
-
(2003)
-
-
-
39
-
-
26944478473
-
-
Cass., 24 September 2003, ref. P.03.1216.F
-
Cass., 24 September 2003, ref. P.03.1216.F, Journal des Tribunaux (2003), at 369.
-
(2003)
Journal Des Tribunaux
, pp. 369
-
-
-
40
-
-
26944441926
-
-
Cass., 10 December Ref. P.03.1506.F
-
Cass., 10 December 2003, Ref. P.03.1506.F.
-
(2003)
-
-
-
41
-
-
26944467460
-
-
During the hearing before the Council Chamber at the end of the investigation, the Brussels Crown Prosecutor's assistant bravely pleaded against the previous pleadings for divestment which the Prosecutor General had ordered him to sign (see Corr. Bruxelles (ch. cons), 22 July 20 September 1996, at On the subsequent delays in procedure, see the Parliamentary Investigation Commission for Rwanda, Compte rendu analytique, Sénat, 6 May 1997, COM-R 1-43, at 417-418
-
During the hearing before the Council Chamber at the end of the investigation, the Brussels Crown Prosecutor's assistant bravely pleaded against the previous pleadings for divestment which the Prosecutor General had ordered him to sign (see Corr. Bruxelles (ch. cons), 22 July 1996, Journal des Procès, no. 310, 20 September 1996, at 28-31). On the subsequent delays in procedure, see the Parliamentary Investigation Commission for Rwanda, Compte rendu analytique, Sénat, 6 May 1997, COM-R 1-43, at 417-418.
-
(1996)
Journal Des Procès
, Issue.310
, pp. 28-31
-
-
-
42
-
-
26944501510
-
'Le parquet fédéral est arrivé: Plus-value pour le ministère public?'
-
See, on this topic
-
See, on this topic, A. Masset, 'Le parquet fédéral est arrivé: plus-value pour le ministère public?', Journal des Tribunaux (2002), at 121-129;
-
(2002)
Journal Des Tribunaux
, pp. 121-129
-
-
Masset, A.1
-
43
-
-
26944457246
-
'La loi modifiant diverses dispositions en ce qui concerne le parquet fédéral'
-
J.C. Paye, 'La loi modifiant diverses dispositions en ce qui concerne le parquet fédéral', Journal des Procès (2001), no. 427, at 17-19;
-
(2001)
Journal Des Procès
, Issue.427
, pp. 17-19
-
-
Paye, J.C.1
-
44
-
-
26944502614
-
Opinion of the Superior Council for Justice concerning the proposed legislation for the Federal Prosecutor
-
Opinion of the Superior Council for Justice concerning the proposed legislation for the Federal Prosecutor, Journal des Procès (2001), no. 407, at 16-19.
-
(2001)
Journal Des Procès
, Issue.407
, pp. 16-19
-
-
-
45
-
-
26944469886
-
-
Concerning the private petition against Mr Bush et al., several plaintiffs declared that they were filing such complaints preventively, in light of the build-up to the new war in Iraq
-
Concerning the private petition against Mr Bush et al., several plaintiffs declared that they were filing such complaints preventively, in light of the build-up to the new war in Iraq.
-
-
-
-
46
-
-
26944436948
-
-
In Belgium, trial by jury is held before the Court of Assizes, which has jurisdiction over such crimes
-
In Belgium, trial by jury is held before the Court of Assizes, which has jurisdiction over such crimes.
-
-
-
-
47
-
-
26944449202
-
-
See, on this topic, Art. 38 of the organic law of 30 November 1998 concerning intelligence and security services
-
See, on this topic, Art. 38 of the organic law of 30 November 1998 concerning intelligence and security services.
-
-
-
-
48
-
-
26944435088
-
-
Assistance from the local police proved to be highly valuable when taking statements from witnesses in their language (kinyarwanda)
-
Assistance from the local police proved to be highly valuable when taking statements from witnesses in their language (kinyarwanda).
-
-
-
-
49
-
-
26944500092
-
'Compte rendu analytique des auditions'
-
See, on this topic, Parliamentary Investigation Commission for Rwanda, Sénat, COM-R 1-43
-
See, on this topic, Parliamentary Investigation Commission for Rwanda, 'Compte rendu analytique des auditions', Documents parlementaires, Sénat, 1996-1997, COM-R 1-43, at 414-415.
-
(1996)
Documents Parlementaires
, pp. 414-415
-
-
-
50
-
-
26944503363
-
-
Article 93.1 of the Rome Statute addresses requests for judicial assistance made by national authorities to the ICC
-
Article 93.1 of the Rome Statute addresses requests for judicial assistance made by national authorities to the ICC.
-
-
-
-
51
-
-
26944441535
-
'La loi du 22 mars 1996 relative à la reconnaissance du Tribunal international pour l'ex-Yougoslavie et du Tribunal international pour le Rwanda et à la coopération avec ces Tribunaux'
-
Law of 22 March 1996 concerning the recognition of the International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, and cooperation with these Tribunals (Moniteur belge of 27 April 1996, at 10.260). The law entered into force on the day of its publication (Art. 15). For a more detailed analysis of this law, see 76
-
Law of 22 March 1996 concerning the recognition of the International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, and cooperation with these Tribunals (Moniteur belge of 27 April 1996, at 10.260). The law entered into force on the day of its publication (Art. 15). For a more detailed analysis of this law, see D. Vandermeersch, 'La loi du 22 mars 1996 relative à la reconnaissance du Tribunal international pour l'ex-Yougoslavie et du Tribunal international pour le Rwanda et à la coopération avec ces Tribunaux', 76 Revue de droit pénal et de criminologie (1996), at 855-888.
-
(1996)
Revue De Droit Pénal Et De Criminologie
, pp. 855-888
-
-
Vandermeersch, D.1
-
52
-
-
26944459918
-
'Concerning cooperation with the International Criminal Court and the International Criminal Tribunals'
-
A legislative proposal was introduced before Parliament Chambre, SO, 2450/001)
-
A legislative proposal 'concerning cooperation with the International Criminal Court and the International Criminal Tribunals' was introduced before Parliament (Documents parlementaires, Chambre, SO, 2002-2003, 2450/001).
-
(2002)
Documents Parlementaires
-
-
-
53
-
-
26944448841
-
'Compte rendu analytique des auditions'
-
This mainly concerns the Bagosora case and those involving the RTLM (Parliamentary Investigation Commission for Rwanda, Sénat, COM-R 1-43
-
This mainly concerns the Bagosora case and those involving the RTLM (Parliamentary Investigation Commission for Rwanda, 'Compte rendu analytique des auditions', Documents parlementaires, Sénat, 1996-1997, COM-R 1-43, at 415).
-
(1996)
Documents Parlementaires
, pp. 415
-
-
-
54
-
-
26944483911
-
-
See also ICTR, Decision on the Application by the Prosecutor for Transfer and Detention, Bagosora (ICTR-96-7), Trial Chamber, 17 May 1996 in and Cass., 12 April 2000, ref. No. P.00.0537.F
-
See also ICTR, Decision on the Application by the Prosecutor for Transfer and Detention, Bagosora (ICTR-96-7), Trial Chamber, 17 May 1996 in Tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda - Recueil des ordonnances, décisions et arrêts, 1995-1997, at 87, and Cass., 12 April 2000, ref. No. P.00.0537.F.
-
(1995)
Tribunal Pénal International Pour Le Rwanda - Recueil Des Ordonnances, Décisions Et Arrêts
, pp. 87
-
-
-
55
-
-
26944477676
-
-
Article 10 of the law of 22 March
-
Article 10 of the law of 22 March 1996.
-
(1996)
-
-
-
56
-
-
26944460287
-
-
Certain defence investigators prolonged such confusion by introducing themselves in Belgium as investigators for the ICTR
-
Certain defence investigators prolonged such confusion by introducing themselves in Belgium as investigators for the ICTR.
-
-
-
-
57
-
-
26944456864
-
-
A number of witnesses have been questioned over 10 times
-
A number of witnesses have been questioned over 10 times.
-
-
-
-
58
-
-
26944499686
-
-
note
-
Differences in treatment between individuals accused and tried in Rwanda before the International Tribunal or in a third country (such as a European state) have been underscored by several non-governmental organizations.
-
-
-
-
59
-
-
26944496713
-
-
ICJ, 14 February 2002 note by in Journal des Procès (2002), at 28. On this issue, see D. Vandermeersch, 'La compétence universelle en droit belge', supra, note 1, at 65-74
-
ICJ, 14 February 2002, Journal des Tribunaux (2002), at 282, note by J. d'Aspremont Lynden and F. Dopagne, in Journal des Procès (2002), at 28. On this issue, see D. Vandermeersch, 'La compétence universelle en droit belge', supra, note 1, at 65-74
-
(2002)
Journal Des Tribunaux
, pp. 282
-
-
d'Aspremont Lynden, J.1
Dopagne, F.2
-
60
-
-
26944434224
-
'Quelques considérations sur le statut pénal des gouvernants étrangers d'après l'arrêt de la Cour internationale de Justice du 14 février 2002'
-
P. Morlet, 'Quelques considérations sur le statut pénal des gouvernants étrangers d'après l'arrêt de la Cour internationale de Justice du 14 février 2002', 82 Revue de droit pénal et de criminologie (2002), at 979-1003.
-
(2002)
Revue De Droit Pénal Et De Criminologie
, vol.82
, pp. 979-1003
-
-
Morlet, P.1
-
61
-
-
26944446857
-
-
See, in the same vein, Cass. fr., 13 March 2001 note by
-
See, in the same vein, Cass. fr., 13 March 2001, Journal des Tribunaux (2002), at 430, note by O. Corten and A. Weyembergh.
-
(2002)
Journal Des Tribunaux
, pp. 430
-
-
Corten, O.1
Weyembergh, A.2
-
62
-
-
26944492106
-
-
Cass., 12 February ref. P.021139.F/1
-
Cass., 12 February 2003, ref. P.021139.F/1.
-
(2003)
-
-
-
63
-
-
4344658597
-
-
On this obiter dictum, see (Oxford: Oxford University Press)
-
On this obiter dictum, see A. Cassese, International Criminal Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), at 266-273.
-
(2003)
International Criminal Law
, pp. 266-273
-
-
Cassese, A.1
-
64
-
-
26944447405
-
-
This includes the issuance of an international arrest warrant
-
This includes the issuance of an international arrest warrant.
-
-
-
-
65
-
-
84855675205
-
-
On this question, see (Bruxelles: Bruylant)
-
On this question, see J. Salmon, Manuel de droit diplomatique (Bruxelles: Bruylant, 1996), at 481ff.
-
(1996)
Manuel De Droit Diplomatique
-
-
Salmon, J.1
-
66
-
-
26944448117
-
'L'impunité est-elle soluble dans le droit pénal international?'
-
C. Deman, 'L'impunité est-elle soluble dans le droit pénal international?', in 23 Politique-Revue de débats (2002), at 31.
-
(2002)
Politique-Revue De Débats
, vol.23
, pp. 31
-
-
Deman, C.1
-
67
-
-
26944436565
-
'Jurisdiction is universal when it is shared by states, and not when one of them, in the name of universal principles, leaves its judges to exercise jurisdiction over crimes committed in supposedly undemocratic countries'
-
As Pierre d'Argent has pointedly stated, 'Jurisdiction is universal when it is shared by states, and not when one of them, in the name of universal principles, leaves its judges to exercise jurisdiction over crimes committed in supposedly undemocratic countries'; 'Report of the Justice Commission of the Chamber of Representatives', Documents parlementaires, Chambre, SE 2003, doc. 51/0103/003, at 22-23.
-
(2003)
Documents Parlementaires
, pp. 22-23
-
-
|