Smoking and low socio-economic status;Rauchen und unterer sozialstatus

Gesundheitswesen

Volumn 67, Issue 8-9, 2005, Pages 630-637

  Haustein, Knut Olaf ^a  

^a Fritz Lickint Institut fur Nikotinforschung und Raucherentwohnung   (Germany)

Author keywords

Children; Cigarette smoking; Females; Socio economic status; Unemployment

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; ILLICIT DRUG;

ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ARTICLE; CIGARETTE SMOKING; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; DRUG ABUSE; FEMALE; GERMANY; HEALTH CARE COST; HUMAN; INCOME; INDUSTRIALIZATION; LONELINESS; MALE; MEDICAL CARE; ONSET AGE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SOCIAL STATUS; SOCIOECONOMICS; TOBACCO; UNEMPLOYMENT;

AGE DISTRIBUTION; FEMALE; GERMANY; HEALTH STATUS; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; MALE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; SEX DISTRIBUTION; SMOKING; SMOKING CESSATION; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS;

EID: 26944450523     PISSN: 09413790     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-858608     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Peto R, Lopez AD, Boreham J et al. Mortality from tobacco in developed countries: indirect estimation from national vital statistics. Lancet 1992; 339(8804): 1268-1278
2. John U, Hanke M. Tabakrauch-attributable Mortalität in den deutschen Bundesländern. Gesundheitswesen 2001; 63: 363-369
3. Peto R, Lopez AD, Boreham J et al. Mortality from smoking in developed Coutries 1950-2000. Oxford, New York, Tokyo: Oxford University Press, 1994
4. Helmert U, Buitkamp M. Die Veränderung des Rauchverhaltens in Deutschland von 1985 bis 2002. Gesundheitswesen 2004; 66: 102-106
5. Jarre J. Umweltbelastungen und ihre Verteilung auf soziale Schichten. Kommission für wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Wandel ed. Göttingen: Otto Schwarz & Co, 1975
6. Heinrich J, Mielck A, Schäfer I et al. Soziale Ungleichheit und umweltbedingte Erkrankungen in Deutschland: Empirische Ergebnisse und Handlungsansätze. Landsberg: ecomed-Verlagsgesellschaft, 1998
7. Hoffmeister H, Hüttner H. Die Entwicklung sozialer Gradienten in den Nationalen Gesundheits-Surveys 1985-1991. Z Gesundheitswiss 1995; Beiheft 2: 113-129
8. Mielck A, Helmert U. Krankheit und soziale Ungleichheit. Sozialepidemiologische Forschung in Deutschland. In: Mielck A (Hrsg). Krankheit und Soziale Ungleichheit: Empirische Studien in Westdeutschland. Opladen: Leske und Budrich, 1994: 93-124
9. Oppolzer A. Weil Du arm bist, mußt Du früher sterben. Soziale Unterschiede in Gesundheit und Sterblichkeit. Hamburg: VSA-Verlag, 1986
10. Haustein KO. Cigarette smoking, nicotine and pregnancy. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999; 37 (9): 417-427
11. Marsh A, McKay S. Poor Smokers. In: PSI (Hrsg). London: PSI, 1994
12. Smoke Free Europe 2005. Luxembourg: 2.6.2005 smokefreeeurope.com, 2005
13. Iribarren C, Luepker RV, McGovern PG et al. Twelve-year trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Minnesota Heart Survey. Are socioeconomic differences widening? Arch Intern Med 1997; 157 (8): 873-881
14. Osler M, Gerdes LU, Davidsen M et al. Socioeconomic status and trends in risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in the Danish MONICA population, 1982-1992. J Epidemiol Community Health 2000; 54 (2): 108-113
15. Stanton WR, Oei TP, Suva PA. Sociodemographic characteristics of adolescent smokers. Int J Addict 1994; 29 (7): 913-925
16. Pekkanen J, Tuomilehto J, Uutela A et al. Social class, health behaviour, and mortality among men and women in eastern Finland. BMJ 1995; 311 (7005): 589-593
17. Cavelaars AE, Kunst AE, Geurts JJ et al. Educational differences in smoking: international comparison. BMJ 2000; 320 (7242): 1102-1107
18. Townsend J, Roderick P, Cooper J. Cigarette smoking by socioeconomic group, sex, and age: effects of price, income, and health publicity. BMJ 1994; 309 (6959): 923-927
19. Bartley M, Fitzpatrick R, Firth D et al. Social distribution of cardiovascular disease risk factors: change among men in England 1984-1993. J Epidemiol Community Health 2000; 54 (11): 806-814
20. Fernandez E, Garcia M, Schiaffino A et al. Smoking initiation and cessation by gender and educational level in Catalonia, Spain. Prev Med 2001; 32 (3): 218-223
21. Escobedo LG, Anda RF, Smith PF et al. Sociodemographic characteristics of cigarette smoking initiation in the United States. Implications for smoking prevention policy. JAMA 1990; 264(12): 1550-1555
22. Giovino GA, Henningfield JE, Tomar SL et al. Epidemiology of tobacco use and dependence. Epidemiol Rev 1995; 17 (1): 48-65
23. Wagenknecht LE, Perkins LL, Cutter GR et al. Cigarette smoking behavior is strongly related to educational status: the CARDIA study. Prev Med 1990; 19 (2): 158-169
24. Helmert U, Borgers D. Rauchen und Beruf: eine Analyse von 100 000 Befragten des Mikrozensus 1995. Bundesgesundheitsblatt 1998; 3: 102-107
25. Geißler R. Die Sozialstruktur Deutschlands. Gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen vor und nach der Vereinigung. Wiesbaden: Westdeutscher Verlag, 2002
26. Helmert U, Mielck A, Shea S. Poverty, health, and nutrition in Germany. Rev Environ Health 1997; 12(3): 159-170
27. Harrell JS, Bangdiwala SI, Deng S et al. Smoking initiation in youth: the roles of gender, race, socioeconomics, and developmental status. J Adolesc Health 1998; 23 (5): 271-279
28. Chassin L, Presson CC, Rose JS et al. The natural history of cigarette smoking from adolescence to adulthood: demographic predictors of continuity and change. Health Psychol 1996; 15 (6): 478-484
29. Pierce JP, Gilpin E. How long will today's new adolescent smoker be addicted to cigarettes? Am J Public Health 1996; 86 (2): 253-256
30. Daly MC, Duncan GJ, McDonough P et al. Optimal indicators of socioeconomic status for health research. Am J Public Health 2002; 92 (7): 1151-1157
31. Gilman SE. Childhood socioeconomic status, life course pathways and adult mental health. Int J Epidemiol 2002; 31 (2): 403-404
32. Flint AJ, Novotny TE. Poverty status and cigarette smoking prevalence and cessation in the United States, 1983-1993: the independent risk of being poor. Tob Control 1997; 6 (1): 14-18
33. Brunner E, Shipley MJ, Blane D et al. When does cardiovascular risk start? Past and present socioeconomic circumstances and risk factors in adulthood. J Epidemiol Community Health 1999; 53 (12): 757-764
34. Lynch JW, Kaplan GA, Salonenb JT. Why do poor people behave poorly? Variation in adult health behaviours and psychosocial characteristics by stages of the socioeconomic lifecourse. Soc Sci Med 1997; 44 (6): 809-819
35. van de Mheen H, Stronks K, Looman CW et al. Does childhood socioeconomic status influence adult health through behavioural factors? Int J Epidemiol 1998; 27 (3): 431-437
36. Gilman SE, Abrams DB, Buka SL Socioeconomic status over the life course and stages of cigarette use: initiation, regular use, and cessation. J Epidemiol Community Health 2003; 57 (10): 802-808
37. Harper S, Lynch J, Hsu WL et al. Life course socioeconomic conditions and adult psychosocial functioning. Int J Epidemiol 2002; 31 (2): 395-403
38. McLoyd VC, Wilson L. The strain of living poor: parenting, social support, and child mental health. In: Huston AC (Hrsg). Children in poverty: Child development and public policy. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press, 1994: 105-135
39. Yarnell J, Yu S, McCrum E et al. Education, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, and risk of coronary heart disease: the PRIME Study. Int J Epidemiol 2004
40. Janlert U, Hammarstrom A. Alcohol consumption among unemployed youths: results from a prospective study. Br J Addict 1992; 87 (5): 703-714
41. Morris JK, Cook DG, Shaper AG. Non-employment and changes in smoking, drinking, and body weight. BMJ 1992; 304 (6826): 536-541
42. Valkonen T. Problems in the measurement and international comparisons of socio-economic differences in mortality. Soc Sci Med 1993; 36 (4): 409-418
43. Leino-Arjas P, Liira J, Mutanen P et al. Predictors and consequences of unemployment among construction workers: prospective cohort study. BMJ 1999; 319 (7210): 600-605
44. Reine I, Novo M, Hammarstrom A. Does the association between ill health and unemployment differ between young people and adults? Results from a 14-year follow-up study with a focus on psychological health and smoking. Public Health 2004; 118 (5): 337-345
45. Whooley MA, Kiefe CI, Chesney MA et al. Depressive symptoms, unemployment, and loss of income: The CARDIA Study. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162 (22): 2614-2620
46. Lahelma E, Rahkonen O, Berg MA et al. Changes in health status and health behavior among Finnish adults 1978-1993. Scand J Work Environ Health 1997; 23 (Suppl3): 85-90
47. Kivimaki M, Vantera J, Virtanen M et al. Temporary employment and risk of overall and cause-specific mortality. Am J Epidemiol 2003; 158 (7): 663-668
48. Novo M, Hammarstrom A, Janlert U. Smoking habits-a question of trend or unemployment? A comparison of young men and women between boom and recession. Public Health 2000; 114 (6): 460-463
49. Janlert U. Unemployment as a disease and diseases of the unemployed. Scand J Work Environ Health 1997; 23 Suppl 3: 79-83
50. Fry V, Pashardes P. Changing patterns of smoking: are there economic causes? Report Series No. 30. London: Institute for Fiscal Studies, 1988
51. Jones AM. Health, addiction, social interaction and the decision to quit smoking. J Health Econ 1994; 13 (1): 93-110
52. Blaylock J, Blisard W. U.S. Cigarette consumption: The case of low-income women. Amer J Agricult Economics 1992; 74: 698-705
53. Wasserman J, Manning WG, Newhouse JP et al. The effects of excise taxes and regulations on cigarette smoking. J Health Econ 1991; 10 (1): 43-64
54. Farrell P, Fuchs VR. Schooling and health: the cigarette connection. J Health Econ 1982; 1 (3): 217-230
55. Hsieh CR, Yen LL, Liu JT et al. Smoking, health knowledge, and anti-smoking campaigns: an empirical study in Taiwan. J Health Econ 1996; 15(1): 87-104
56. Becker G. Optimal Discounting of the future. Chicago IL: Department of Economics.University of Chicago, 1990
57. Dorsett R. An econometric analysis of smoking prevalence among lone mothers. J Health Econ 1999; 18 (4): 429-441
58. Marsh A, Matheson J. Smoking Attitudes and Behaviour. London: HMSO, 1983
59. Fuchs V. Time preference and health: an explanatory study. In: Fuchs VR (Hrsg). University of Chicago Press. Chicago IL: Economic Aspects of HEalth, 1982: 93-120
60. Dunn HG. Social aspects of low birth weight. Can Med Assoc J 1984; 130 (9): 1131-1140
61. Hesse V, Voigt M, Salzler A et al. Alterations in height, weight, and body mass index of newborns, children, and young adults in eastern Germany after German reunification. J Pediatr 2003; 142 (3): 259-262
62. Silva AA, Barbieri MA, Gomes UA et al. Trends in low birth weight: a comparison of two birth cohorts separated by a 15-year interval in Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. Bull World Health Organ 1998; 76 (1): 73-84
63. Phung HN, Bauman AE, Young L et al. Ecological and individual predictors of maternal smoking behaviour. Looking beyond individual socioeconomic predictors at the community setting. Addict Behav 2003; 28 (7): 1333-1342
64. Ahern J, Pickett KE, Selvin S et al. Preterm birth among African American and white women: a multilevel analysis of socioeconomic characteristics and cigarette smoking. J Epidemiol Community Health 2003; 57 (8): 606-611
65. Stein A, Campbell EA, Day A et al. Social adversity, low birth weight, and preterm delivery. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987; 295 (6593): 291-293
66. Berkowitz GS, Kasl SV. The role of psychosocial factors in spontaneous preterm delivery. J Psychosom Res 1983; 27 (4): 283-290
67. Newton RW, Hunt LP. Psychosocial stress in pregnancy and its relation to low birth weight. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1984; 288 (6425): 1191-1194
68. Norbeck JS, Tilden VP. Life stress, social support, and emotional disequilibrium in complications of pregnancy: a prospective, multivariate study. J Health Soc Behav 1983; 24 (1): 30-46
69. Marcus SM, Flynn HA, Blow FC et al. Depressive symptoms among pregnant women screened in obstetrics settings. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2003; 12 (4): 373-380
70. Howden-Chapman P, Stuart K, Maoritanga T. Health partnerships for public health development: a New Zealand perspective. Health Educ Behav 2000; 27 (3): 284-287
71. Tobias M, Cheng J. Inhaling inequality tobacco's contribution to health inequality in New Zealand (). Public Health Intelligence Occasional Bulletin No.7. Wellington: Ministry of Health, 2001
72. Thomson GW, Wilson NA, O'Dea D et al. Tobacco spending and children in low income households. Tob Control 2002; 11 (4): 372-375
73. Efroymson D, Ahmed S, Townsend J et al. Hungry for tobacco: an analysis of the economic impact of tobacco consumption on the poor in Bangladesh. Tob Control 2001; 10(3): 212-217
74. Turrell G, Battistutta D, McGuffog I. Social determinants of smoking among parents with infants. Aust N Z J Public Health 2002; 26 (1): 30-37
75. Haustein KO, Vogt M, Haustein H et al. Ergebnisse einer Befragung zum Rauchen in verschiedenen Schultypen Erfurts und Jenas. Suchtmed Forsch Praxis 2004; 6 (4): 297-306
76. Fuchs R, Zirm E, Uischner C. Rauchverhalten und Alkoholkonsum bei Schülern im ländlichen Bereich Ostdeutschlands, Ergebnisse einer Totalerhebung. Gesundheitswesen 2001; 63: 354-362
77. Hammarstrom A, Janlert U. Unemployment - an important predictor for future smoking: a 14-year follow-up study of school leavers. Scand J Public Health 2003; 31 (3): 229-232
78. Nordlund LA. Trends in smoking habits and lung cancer in Sweden. Eur J Cancer Prev 1998; 7(2): 109-116
79. Strand TE, Malayeri C, Eskonsipo PK et al. Adolescent smoking and trends in lung cancer incidence among young adults in Norway 1954-1998. Cancer Causes Control 2004; 15 (1): 27-33
80. Lampert T, Thamm M. Soziale Ungleichheit des Rauchverhaltens in Deutschland. Bundesgesundheitsbl-Gesundheitsforsch-Gesundheitsschutz 2004; 47: 1033-1042
81. Albertsen K, Hannerz H, Borg V et al. The effect of work environment and heavy smoking on the social inequalities in smoking cessation. Public Health 2003; 117 (6): 383-388
82. Pott E, Lang P, Töppich J. Gesundheitsziel: Tabakkonsum reduzieren. Bundesgesundheitsblatt-Gesundheitsforschung-Gesundheitsschutz 2003; 46: 150-155
83. Weite R, König HH, Leidl R. The costs of health damage and productivity losses attributable to cigarette smoking in Germany. Eur J Public Health 2000; 10 (31): 38
84. Helmert U, Borgers D, Bammann K. Soziale Polarisierung des Rauchens: Ergebnisse und Schlufolgerungen für Beratung und Gesundheitspolitik. Z Allg Med 2000; 76: 397-400
85. Khlat M, Sermet C, Le Pape A. Increased prevalence of depression, smoking, heavy drinking and use of psycho-active drugs among unemployed men in France. Eur J Epidemiol 2004; 19 (5): 445-451