Erosion of undisturbed clay samples from the banks of the St. Lawrence River

Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering

Volumn 30, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 585-595

  Gaskin, S J ^a   Pieterse, J ^a,c   Al Shafie, A ^a,d   Lepage, S ^b  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b ENVIRONMENT CANADA   (Canada)

^c Concordia University ^*  (Germany)

^d Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science   (Canada)

Author keywords

Desiccation; Erosion; Leda clay; Natural clay structure; St. Lawrence river; Undisturbed clay; Vegetation; Waves; Weathering

Indexed keywords

CRACKS; EROSION; SHEAR STRESS; VEGETATION; WEATHERING;

LEDA CLAY; NATURAL CLAY STRUCTURE; UNDISTURBED CLAY;

CLAY;

CLAY; CRACKS; EROSION; SHEAR STRESS; VEGETATION; WEATHERING;

CLAY; DESICCATION; EROSION RATE; RIVER BANK; SHEAR STRESS; VEGETATION; WATER LEVEL; WAVE; WEATHERING;

CANADA; ILES DE VERCHERES; LAC SAINT PIERRE; NORTH AMERICA; QUEBEC [CANADA]; SAINT LAWRENCE RIVER;

NUCULANA;

EID: 26944448292     PISSN: 03151468     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/l03-008     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Argus Groupe-conseil. 1991. L'érosion des îles du Saint-Laurent, tronçon Montréal - Lac Saint-Pierre. Rapport présenté à Environnement Canada, Service canadien de la Faune et Centre Saint-Laurent, et Transport Canada, Garde côtière canadienne.
2. Ariathurai, R., and Arulanandan, K. 1978. Erosion rates of cohesive soils. ASCE Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 104(HY2): 279-283.
3. Bishop, C., Skafel, M., and Nairn, R. 1992. Cohesive profile erosion by waves. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Coastal Engineering, Venice, Italy, 4-9 October 1992. Edited by B.L. Edge. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, pp. 2976-2989.
4. Chapuis, R.P. 1986. Quantitative measurement of the scour resistance of natural solid clays. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 23: 132-141.
5. Coops, H., Geilen, N., Verheij, H.J., Boeters, R., and van der Velde, G. 1996. Interactions between waves, bank erosion and emergent vegetation: an experimental study in a wave tank. Aquatic Botany, 53: 187-198.
6. D'Agnolo, F 1978. Étude d'érosion; partie du fleuve St. Laurent entre Montréal et Sorel. Garde côtière canadienne, Ministère des Transports, Ottawa, Ont.
7. Dauphin, D. 2000. Influence de la navigation commerciale et de la navigation de plaisance sur l'érosion des rives du Saint-Laurent dans le tronçon. Cornwall-Montmagny. Rapport final. Ministère des Transports du Québec, Service du transport maritime, Qué bec, Que.
8. Govers, G., and Loch, R.J. 1993. Effects of initial water content and soil mechanical strength on the runoff erosion resistance of clay soils. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 31: 549-566.
9. Hooke, J.M. 1979. An analysis of the processes or river bank erosion. Journal of Hydrology, 42: 39-62.
10. Kamphuis, J.W. 1983. On the erosion of consolidated clay material by a fluid containing sand. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 10: 223-231.
11. Kamphuis, J.W. 1987. Recession rate of glacial till bluffs. ASCE Journal of Waterways, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, 113(1): 60-73.
12. Kamphuis, J.W., Gaskin, P.N., and Hoogendoorn, E. 1990. Erosion tests on four intact Ontario clays. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 27: 692-696.
13. Krone, R.B. 1999. Effects of bed structure on erosion of cohesive sediments. ASCE Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 125(12): 1297-1301.
14. Lawler, D.M. 1992. Process dominance in bank erosion systems. In Lowland floodplain rivers: geomorphological perspectives. Edited by P.A. Carling and G.E. Petts. Wiley, Chichester, England, pp. 117-143.
15. Le Bissonnais, Y., Bruand, A., and Jamagne, M. 1989. Laboratory experimental study of soil crusting: relation between aggregate breakdown, mechanisms and crust structure. Catena, 16: 377-392.
16. Lefebvre, G., and Rohan, K. 1986. On the principal factors controlling erosivity of undisturbed clay. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Cohesive Shores, Burlington, Ont., 5-7 May 1986. Edited by M.G. Skafel. National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ont., pp. 170-195.
17. Lefebvre, G., Rohan, K., and Douville, S. 1985. Erosivity of natural intact structured clay: Evaluation. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 22: 508-517.
18. Lefebvre, G., Rohan, K., and Milette, J.-P. 1986. Erosivity of intact clay: Influence of the natural structure. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 23: 427-434.
19. Lehoux, D. 1996. Restauration naturelle des rives du Saint-Laurent entre Cornwall et l'Île d'Orléans. Guide d'intervention + 4 documents cartographiques. Environment Canada, Canada Wildlife Service, Quebec Ministry of Transport, James Bay Energy Society, Ducks Unlimited, and Les Consultants en environnement Argus.
20. Lepage, S., and Richard, L.-F. 2001. Utilization d'une nouvelle structure benthique pour l'étude de l'érosion et de la remise en suspension des sédiments en milieu littoral peu profond. In Proceedings of the Canadian Coastal Conference, Québec City, 16-19 May 2001. Edited by B.F Long. National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ont., pp. 493-506.
21. Lepage, S., Rondeau, B., Richard, L.-F., Gaskin, S., Al Shafie, A., Pieterse, J., Bouchard, M., and Lafleur, Y. 2001. Erosion of post-glacial marine clays in the Varennes-Contrecoeur reach of the St. Lawrence River: the influence of hydro-meteorological cycles and anthropogenic activities. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Fluvial Sedimentology, Lincoln, Nebr., 6-10 August 2001. Edited by M. Blum and S. Marriott. Special Publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists. Abstract only.
22. Maa, P.Y, and Mehta, A.J. 1987. Mud erosion by waves: a laboratory study. Continental Shelf Research, 7(11/12): 1269-1284.
23. Mehta, A.J. 1991. Review notes on cohesive sediment erosion. In Coastal Sediments 9.1: Proceedings of the Speciality Conference on Quantitative Approaches to Coastal Sediment Processes, Seattle, Wash., 25-27 June 1991. Edited by N.C. Kraus, K.J. Gingerich, and D.L. Kriebel. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, c1991, pp. 40-53.
24. Ouellet, Y., and Baird, W. 1978. L'érosion des rives dans le Saint-Laurent. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 5: 311-323.
25. Panabokke, C.R., and Quirk, J.P. 1957. Effect of initial water content on stability of soil aggregates in water. Soil. Science, 83: 185-195.
26. Panasuk, S. 1987. L'érosion actuelle et récente des Iles de Varennes dans la région de Montréal. Rapport de recherche pour la maitrise en science de l'environnement, Université du Québec a Montréal, Montréal, Que.
27. Partheniades, E. 1965. Erosion and deposition of cohesive soils. ASCE Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 91(HY1): 105-139.
28. Rohan, K., Lefebvre, G., and Douville, S. 1980. Mécanismes d'érosion de l'argile intacte. In Proceedings of the Canadian Coastal Conference 1980, Burlington, Ont., 22-24 April 1980. National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ont., pp. 200-219.
29. Rondeau, B., Cossa, D., Gagnon, P., and Bilodeau, L. 2000. Budget and sources of suspended sediments in the St. Lawrence River. Hydrological Processes, 14: 21-36.
30. Samad, M., Baird, D.C., Vermeyen, T.B., and Melford, B.W. 1995. Erosion characteristics of cohesive sediments. In Water Resources Engineering: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference, San Antonio, Tex., 14-18 August 1995. Edited by W.H. Esprey and R.G. Combs. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, c1995, pp. 425-429.
31. Sangrey, D.A. 1972. Naturally cemented sensitive soils. Géotechnique, 22(1): 139-152.
32. Skafel, M. 1995. Laboratory measurement of nearshore velocities and erosion of cohesive sediment (till) shoreline. Coastal Engineering, 24(3): 343-349.
33. Skafel, M., and Bishop, C. 1994. Flume experiments on the erosion of till shores by waves. Coastal Engineering, 23: 329-348.
34. Thorne, C.R. 1990. Effects of vegetation on riverbank erosion and stability. In Vegetation and erosion: processes and environments. Edited by J.B. Thornes. Wiley, Chichester, England, pp. 125-144.
35. Truman, C.C., Bradford, J.M., and Ferris, J.E. 1990. Antecedent water content and rainfall energy influence on soil aggregate breakdown. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 54: 1385-1392.
36. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1984. Shore protection manual. 4th ed. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Vallejo, L.E. 1980. Analysis of wave-induced erosion of cohesive soils forming coastal bluffs. In Proceedings of the Canadian Coastal Conference 1980, Burlington, Ont., 22-24 April 1980. National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ont., pp. 220-228.
37. Zreik, D.A., Krishnappan, B.G., Germain, J.T., Madsen, O.S., and Ladd, C.C. 1998. Erosional and mechanical strengths of deposited cohesive sediment. ASCE Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 124(11): 1076-1085.