Height effects in real and virtual environments

Human Factors

Volumn 47, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 430-438

  Simeonov, Peter I ^a,b   Hsiao, Hongwei ^a   Dotson, Brian W ^a   Ammons, Douglas E ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH   (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HEART RATE; POSTURAL INSTABILITY EFFECTS; SAFE EVALUATION; SAFETY RESEARCH;

HUMAN ENGINEERING; LIVING SYSTEMS STUDIES; PHYSIOLOGY; RAILINGS; RISK ASSESSMENT;

VIRTUAL REALITY;

ADULT; ALTITUDE ACCLIMATIZATION; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; BODY EQUILIBRIUM; CONTROLLED STUDY; FALL RISK ASSESSMENT; FEMALE; HAZARD; HEART RATE VARIABILITY; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; JOB PERFORMANCE; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PERCEPTIVE DISCRIMINATION; SIMULATION; SKIN CONDUCTANCE; VIRTUAL REALITY; WORK ENVIRONMENT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; BIOENGINEERING; COMPARATIVE STUDY; COMPUTER INTERFACE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DEPTH PERCEPTION; EVALUATION; FALLING; OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENT; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; REPRODUCIBILITY;

ACCIDENTAL FALLS; ACCIDENTS, OCCUPATIONAL; ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANXIETY; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DEPTH PERCEPTION; FEMALE; HUMAN ENGINEERING; HUMANS; MALE; MUSCULOSKELETAL EQUILIBRIUM; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; USER-COMPUTER INTERFACE;

EID: 26944443721     PISSN: 00187208     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1518/0018720054679506     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Adelstein, B. D., Johnston, E. R., & Ellis, S. R. (1996). Dynamic response of electromagnetic spatial displacement trackers. Presence, 5, 302-318.
2. Adkin, A. L., Frank, J. S., Carpenter, M. G., & Peysar, G. W. (2000). Postural control is scaled to level of postural threat. Gait and Posture. 12, 87-93.
3. Bles, W., Kapteyn, T. C., Brandt, T., & Arnold, F. (1980). The mechanism of physiological height vertigo: II. Posturography. Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 89, 534-540.
4. Cobb, S. V. G. (1999). Measurement of postural stability before and after immersion in a virtual environment. Applied Ergonomics, 30, 47-57.
5. Cohen, D. C. (1977). Comparison of self-report and overt-behavioral procedures for assessing acrophobia. Behavior Therapy, 8, 17-23.
6. Emmelkamp, P. M., & Felten, M. (1985). The process of exposure in vivo: Cognitive and physiological changes during treatment of acrophobia. Behaviour Research and Vierapy, 23, 219-223.
7. Emmelkamp, P. M., Krijn, M., Hulsbosch, A. M., de Vries, S., Schuemie, M. J., & van der Mast, C. A. (2002). Virtual reality treatment versus exposure in vivo: A comparative evaluation in acrophobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 509-516.
8. Gibson, E. J., & Walk, R. D. (1960). The "visual cliff." Scientific American, 202, 64-71.
9. Hodges, L. F., Kooper, R., Meyer, T. C., Rothbaum, B. O., Opdyke, D., de Graaff, J. J., et al. (1995). Virtual environments for treating the fear of heights. Computer, 28(7), 27-34.
10. Hsiao, H., & Simeonov, P. I. (2001). Preventing falls from roofs: A critical review. Ergonomics, 44, 537-561.
11. Jones, B., Jarvis, P., Lewis, J. A., & Ebbutt, A. F. (1996). Trials to assess equivalence: The importance of rigorous methods. British. Medical Journal, 313, 36-39.
12. Kennedy, R. S., & Lilienthal, M. G. (1994). Measurement and control of motion sickness after-effects from immersion in virtual reality. In Proceedings of Virtual Reality in Medicine: The Cutting Edge (pp. 111-119). New York: SIG-Advanced Applications.
13. Keshner, E. A., & Kenyon, R. V. (2000). The influence of an immersive virtual environment on the segmental organization of postural stabilizing responses. Journal of Vestibular Research, 10, 207-219.
14. Kolasinski, E. (1995). Simulator sickness in virtual environments (Tech. Report 1027). Alexandria, VA: U.S. Army Research Institute for Behavioral and Social Sciences.
15. Le Clair, K., & Riach, C. (1996). Postural stability measures: What to measure and for how long. Clinical Biomechanics, 11, 176-178.
16. Lee, D. N., & Lishman, J. R. (1975). Visual proprioceptive control of stance. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 1, 87-95.
17. Levenson, R. W. (1992). Autonomic nervous system differences among emotions. Psychological Science, 3, 23-27.
18. Meehan, M., Razzaque, S., Whitton, M., & Brooks, F. P. (2003). Effect of latency on presence in stressful virtual environments. In Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (pp. 141-148). Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society.
19. Menzies, R. G., & Clarke, J. C. (1995). Danger expectancies and insight in acrophobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 215-221.
20. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (2000). DWI detection and standardized field sobriety testing student manual. Washington, DC: Author.
21. Paulus, W. M., Straube, A., & Brandt, T. (1984). Visual stabilization of posture. Brain, 107, 1143-1163.
22. Porges, S. W., & Byrne, E. A. (1992). Research methods for measurement of heart rate and respiration, Biological Psychology 34, 93-130.
23. Regenbrecht, H. T., Schubert, T. W., & Friedman, F. (1998). Measuring the sense of presence and its relations to fear of heights in virtual environments. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 10, 233-249.
24. Riccio, G. E., & Stoffregen, T. A. (1991). An ecological theory of motion sickness and postural instability. Ecological Psychology, 3, 195-240.
25. Rothbaum, B. O., Hodges, L., Anderson, P. L., Price, L., & Smith, S. (2002). Twelve-month follow-up of virtual reality and standard exposure therapies for the fear of flying. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 428-432.
26. Simeonov, P., & Hsiao, H. (2001). Height, surface Firmness and visual reference effects on balance control. Injury Prevention, 7(Suppl. 1), i50-i53.
27. Simeonov, P., Hsiao, H., Dotson, B., & Ammons, D. (2003). Control and perception of balance at elevated and sloped surfaces. Human Factors, 45, 136-147.
28. Sinai, M. J., Ooi, T. L., & He, Z. J. (1998). Terrain influences the accurate judgment of distance. Nature, 395, 497-500.
29. Stanney, K. M., Mourant, R. R., & Kennedy, R. S. (1998). Human factors issues in virtual environments: A review of the literature. Presence, 7, 327-351.
30. Stoffregen, T. A., Bardy, B. G., Smart, L. J., & Pagulayan, R. J. (2003). On the nature and evaluation of fidelity in virtual environments. In L. J. Hettinger & M. W. Haas (Eds.), Virtual and adaptive environments: Applications, implications, and human performance issues (pp. 111-128). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
31. Stoffregen, T. A., Pagulayan, R. J., Bardy, B. G., & Hettinger, L. J. (2000). Modulating postural control to facilitate visual performance. Human Movement Science, 19, 203-220.
32. Warner, K. G., & Demling, R. H. (1986). The pathophysiology of free-fall injury. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 15, 1088-1093.
33. Witmer, B. G., & Sadovsky, W. J., Jr. (1998). Nonvisually guided locomotion to a previously viewed target in real and virtual environments. Human Factors, 40, 478-488.
34. Zimolong, B. (1985). Hazard perception and risk estimation in accident causation. In R. E. Eberts & C. G. Eberts (Eds.), Trends in ergonomics/human factors II (pp. 463-470). Amsterdam: Elsevier.