Representation of Women in the Austrian Political System 1945-1998: From a Token Female Politician Towards an Equal Ratio?

Women and Politics

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 81-106

  Steininger, Barbara ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

Author keywords

Austria; Political parties; Women in parliament

Indexed keywords

EID: 26844543019     PISSN: 01957732     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J014v21n02_04     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Biographisches Handbuch der österreichischen Parlamentarier 1918-1993. 1993. Vienna: Parlamentsdirektion, Österreichische Staatsdruckerei.
2. Chowdhury, Najma, Barbara J. Nelson, Kathrin A. Carver, Nancy J. Johnson and Paula L. O’Loughlin. 1994. “Redefining Politics: Patterns of Women’s Political Engagement from a Global Perspective." In Women and Politics Worldwide, Eds. Barbara Nelson and Najma Chowdhury. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
3. Davis, Rebecca Howard. 1997. Women and Power in Parliamentary Democracies: Cabinet Appointments in Western Europe, 1968-1992. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.
4. Fischer, Heinz. 1974. “Die parlamentarischen Fraktionen." In Das politische System Österreichs, Ed. Heinz Fischer. Vienna: Europaverlag.
5. Gottweis, Herbert. 1997. “Neue soziale Bewegungen in Österreich." In Handbuch des politischen Systems Österreichs, (Eds.) Herbert Dachs, Peter Gerlich, et al. Vienna: Manz.
6. Hofinger, Christoph and Günther Ogris. 1996. “Achtung, gender gap! Geschlecht und Wahlverhalten 1979-1995. " In Wahlkampf und Wählerentscheidung. Analysen zur Nationalratswahl 1995, Eds. Fritz Plasser, Peter A. Ulram and Günther Ogris. Wien: Signum.
7. Katz, Richard. 1986. “Intraparty Preference Voting." In Electoral Laws and Their Political Consequences (Eds). New York: Agathon Press.
8. Kramer-Fischer, Dorit and Astrid Krizanic-Fallmann. 1994. “Frauen im österreichischen Parlament." Vienna: Bundesministeriums für Wissenschaft und Forschung.
9. Luther, Kurt R. 1992. “Consociationalism, Parties and the Party System." In Politics in Austria. Still a Case of Consociationalism? Eds. Kurt R. Luther and Wolfgang C. Müller. London: Frank Cass.
10. Luther, Kurt R. and Wolfgang C.Müller. 1992. “Consociationalism, and the Austrian Political System." In Politics in Austria. Still a Case of Consociationalism? Eds. Kurt R. Luther and Wolfgang C. Müller. London: Frank Cass.
11. Matland, Richard E. 1995. “How the Election System Structure has helped Women close the Representation Gap." In Women in Nordic Politics: Closing the Gap, eds. Lauri Karvonen and Per Selle. Aldershot: Darthmouth.
12. Matland, Richard E. 1998. “Women’s Representation in National Legislatures: Developed and Developing Countries." Legislative Studies Quarterly 23(1): 109-125
13. Matland, Richard E. and Donley T. Studlar. 1996. “The Contagoin of Women Candi dates in Single-Member District and Proportional Representation Electoral Systems: Canada and Norway." The Journal of Politics 58(3): 707-733
14. Müller, Wolfgang C. 1992. “Austria 1945-1990." In Party Organizations. A Data Handbook on Party Organizations in Western Democracies, 1960-1990, Eds. Richard S. Katz and Peter Mair. London: Sage Publications.
15. Müller, Wolfgang C. 1993. “Austria." European Journal of Political Research 24(4): 375-381.
16. Müller, Wolfgang C. 1996. “Political Parties." In Contemporary Austrian Politics, Ed.Volkmar Lauber. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
17. Müller, Wolfgang C. and Christian Scheucher. 1995. “Das verstärkte Vorzugsstimmensystem: Durchbruch zur Persönlichkeitswahl? Bilanz der Nationalratswahl 1994." In Wählerverhalten und Parteienwettbewerb. Analysen zur Nationalratswahl 1994, Eds. Wolfgang C. Müller, Fritz Plasser and Peter A. Ulram. Vienna: Signum Verlag.
18. Müller, Wolfgang C. and Barbara Steininger. 1994. “Christian Democracy in Austria: the Austrian People’s Party," In Christian Democracy in Europe, Ed. David Hanley. London-New York: Pinter Publishers.
19. Neyer, Gerda. 1997. “Frauen in der Politik. Am Beispiel der Repräsentation von Frauen im Nationalrat." In Handbuch des politischen Systems Österreichs, Eds. Herbert Dachs, Peter Gerlich et al. Vienna: Manz.
20. Norris, Pippa. 1993. “Conclusion: Comparing Legislative Recruitment." In Gender and Party Politics, (Eds.) Joni Lovenduski and Pippa Norris. London: Sage Publications.
21. Norris, Pippa. 1996. “Legislative Recruitment." In Comparing Democracies. Elections and Votings in Global Perspective, Eds. Lawrence Le Duc, Richard G. Niemi and Pippa Norris. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
22. Norris, Pippa and Joni Lovenduski. 1995. Political Recruitment. Gender, Race and Class in the British Parliament. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
23. Randall, Vicky. 1987. Women and Politics. An International Perspective. Houndmills: Macmillan.
24. Rule, Wilma and Matthew Soberg Shugart. 1991. “Electing Women’s Representatives to Parliament: The Preference Vote Factor." Presented at the International Political Science Association Meeting, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
25. Rule, Wilma and Matthew Soberg Shugart. 1995. “The Preference Vote and Election of Women. Women Win More Seats in Open List PR," Voting and Democracy Report 1995 of the Center for Voting and Democracy. Washington, D.C.
26. Steininger, Barbara. 1992. “Frauen in der österreichischen Politik-eine empirische Analyse 1945 bis 1991." Österreichisches Jahrbuch für Politik 1991: 643-666.