The ecology of rafting in the marine environment. II. The rafting organisms and community

Oceanography and Marine Biology

Volumn 43, Issue , 2005, Pages 279-418

  Thiel, Martin ^a,b   Gutow, Lars ^c  

^a UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DEL NORTE   (Chile)

^b CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS AVANZADOS EN ZONAS ÁRIDAS CEAZA   (Chile)

^c ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 26844457509     PISSN: 00783218     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (524)

1. Abe, T. 1984. Colonization of the Krakatau Islands by termites (Insecta: Isoptera). Physiology and Ecology Japan 21, 63-88.
2. Adachi, N. & Wada, K. 1999. Distribution in relation to life history in the direct-developing gastropod Batillaria cumingi (Batillariidae) on two shores of contrasting substrata. Journal of Molluscan Studies 65, 275-288.
3. Adams, J.A. 1960. A contribution to the biology and postlarval development of the Sargassum fish, Histrio histrio (Linnaeus), with a discussion of the Sargassum complex. Bulletin of Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean 10, 55-82.
4. Albrecht, A. & Reise, K. 1994. Effects of Fucus vesiculosus covering intertidal mussel beds in the Wadden Sea. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 48, 243-256.
5. Aliani, S. & Molcard, A. 2003. Hitch-hiking on floating marine debris: macrobenthic species in the Western Mediterranean Sea. Hydrobiologia 503, 59-67.
6. Andersen, N.M. & Cheng, L. 2004. The marine insect Halobates (Heteroptera: Gerridae): biology, adaptations, distribution, and phylogeny. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review 42, 119-154.
7. Anger, K. 2001. The Biology of Decapod Crustacean Larvae. Lisse: A.A. Balkema Publishers.
8. Anraku, M. & Azeta, M. 1967. The feeding activities of yellowtail larvae, Seriola quinqueradiata Temminck et Schlegel, associated with floating seaweeds. Bulletin of the Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Nagasaki 35, 41-50.
9. Anthony, K.R.N. & Svane, I. 1995. Effects of substratum instability on locomotion and pedal laceration in Metridium senile (Anthozoa: Actiniaria). Marine Ecology Progress Series 124, 171-180.
10. Aoki, M. & Kikuchi, T. 1995. Notes on Caprella andreae Mayer, 1890 (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from the carapace of Loggerhead Sea Turtles in the East China Sea and in Kyushu, Japan. Proceedings of the Japan Society of Systematic Zoology 53, 54-61.
11. Armonies, W. & Hartke, D. 1995. Floating of mud snails Hydrobia ulvae in tidal waters of the Wadden Sea, and its implications in distribution patterns. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 49, 529-538.
12. Arnaud, F., Arnaud, P.M., Intes, A. & Loeuff, P. 1976. Transport d'invertébrés benthiques entre l'Afrique du Sud et Saint H́lène par les laminaires (Phaeophyceae). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris Séries 3 384, 49-55.
13. Arnaud, P.M. 1973. Le genre Lepas Linné, 1767 dans les Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises (Crustacea Cirripedia). Crustaceana 23, 157-162.
14. Arnaud, P.M. 1974. Contribution à la bionomie marine benthique des régions antarctiques et sub-antarctiques. Téthys 3, 465-656.
15. Averincev, V.G. 1980. The role of drifting islands of seaweeds in the distribution of bottom polychaetes. Biologiya Morya, Vladivostok 1, 80-83.
16. Azam, F. & Long, R.A. 2001. Oceanography: sea snow microcosms. Nature 414, 495-498.
17. Harbour, T. 1916. Some remarks upon Matthew's "Climate and Evolution". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 27, 1-10.
18. Barnes, D.K.A. 2002. Biodiversity: invasions by marine life on plastic debris. Nature 416, 808-809.
19. Barnes, D.K.A. & Fraser, K.P.P. 2003. Rafting by five phyla on man-made flotsam in the Southern Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 262, 289-291.
20. Barnes, D.K.A. & Sanderson, W.G. 2000. Latitudinal patters in the colonization of marine debris. In Proceedings of the 11th International Bryozoology Association Conference, A. Herrera Cubilla & J.B.C. Jackson (eds). Balboa: Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 145-153.
21. Bayly, I.A.E., Gibson, J.A.E., Wagner, B. & Swadling, K.M. 2003. Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of two East Antarctic freshwater calanoid copepod species: Boeckella poppei and Gladioferens antarcticus. Antarctic Science 15, 439-448.
22. Benham, W.B. 1902. The geographical distribution of earthworms and the palaeography of the Antarctic region. Report of the Australasian Association of Advanced Science 9.
23. Bers, A.V. & Wahl, M. 2004. The influence of natural surface microtopographies on fouling. Biofouling 20, 43-51.
24. Besada, E.G., Loeblich, L.A. & Loeblich III, A.R., 1982. Observations on tropical, benthic dinoflagellates from Ciguatera-endemic areas: Coolia, Gambierdiscus, and Ostreopsis. Bulletin of Marine Science 32, 723-735.
25. Beukema, J.J. & Vlas, J. 1989. Tidal-current transport of thread-drifting postlarval juveniles of the bivalve Macoma balthica from the Wadden Sea to the North Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 52, 193-200.
26. Bieler, R. 1995. Mathildidae from New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia). Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (France) 167, 595-641.
27. Bingham, B.L. 1992. Life histories in an epifaunal community: coupling of adult and larval processes. Ecology 73, 2244-2259.
28. Bingham, B.L. & Young, C.M. 1995. Stochastic events and dynamics of a mangrove root epifaunal community. Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli I Marine Ecology 16, 145-163.
29. Birkhead, T.R. & Moller, A.P. 1993. Sexual selection and the temporal separation of reproductive events: sperm storage data from reptiles, birds and mammals. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 50, 295-311.
30. Bomber, J.W., Morton, S.L., Babinchak, J.A., Norris, D.R. & Morton, J.G. 1988. Epiphytic dinoflagellates of drift algae - another toxigenic community in the ciguatera food chain. Bulletin of Marine Science 43, 204-214.
31. Bonardelli, J., Himmelman, J.H. & Drinkwater, K. 1996. Relation of spawning of the giant scallop, Placopecten magellanicus, to temperature fluctuations during downwelling events. Marine Biology 124, 637-649.
32. Borges, L.M.S., Cragg, S.M. & Williams, J.R. 2003. Comparing the resistance of a number of lesser known species of tropical hardwoods to the marine borer Limnoria using a short term laboratory assay. International Research Group on Wood Preservation, Document No. IRG/WP 03-10500.
33. Brandon-Jones, D. 1998. Pre-glacial Bornean primate impoverishment and Wallace's line. In Biogeography and Geological Evolution of SE Asia, R. Hall & J.D. Holloway (eds). Leiden: Backhuys Publishers, 393-404.
34. Brooks, R.A. 2004. Discovery of Sphaeroma terebrans, a wood-boring isopod, in the red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle, habitat of northern Florida Bay. Ambio 33, 171-173.
35. Brooks, R.A. & Bell, S.S. 2001a. Colonization of a dynamic substrate: factors influencing recruitment of the wood-boring isopod, Sphaeroma terebrans, onto red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) prop roots. Oecologia 127, 522-532.
36. Brooks, R.A. & Bell, S.S. 2001b. Mobile corridors in marine landscapes: enhancement of faunal exchange at seagrass/sand ecotones. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 264, 67-84.
37. Brusca, R.C. & Brusca, G.J. 2003. Invertebrates. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates.
38. Burns, K.A. & Teal, J.M. 1973. Hydrocarbons in the pelagic Sargassum community. Deep-Sea Research Oceanographic Abstracts 20, 207-211.
39. Buroker, N.E., Chanley, P., Cranfield, H.J. & Dinamani, P. 1983. Systematic status of two oyster populations of the genus Tiostrea from New Zealand and Chile. Marine Biology 77, 191-200.
40. Buschmann, A.H. 1990. Intertidal macroalgae as refuge and food for Amphipoda in central Chile. Aquatic Botany 36, 237-245.
41. Bushing, W.W. 1994. Biogeographic and ecological implications of kelp rafting as a dispersal vector for marine invertebrates. In Proceedings of the Fourth California Islands Symposium: Update on the Status of Resources, March 22-25, 1994, W.L. Halvorson & G.J. Maender (eds). Santa Barbara, California: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 103-110.
42. Butler, J.N. 1975. Pelagic tar. Scientific American 232, 90-97.
43. Butler, J.N., Morris, B.F., Cadwallader, J. & Stoner, A.W. 1983. Studies of Sargassum and the Sargassum community. Bermuda Biological Station Special Publications 22, 1-307.
44. Byrne, M. 1995. Changes in larval morphology in the evolution of benthic development by Patiriella exigua (Asteroidea: Asterinidae), a comparison with the larvae of Patiriella species with planktonic development. Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 188, 293-305.
45. Cadée, G.C. 1999. Eikapsels van de fuikhoorn Nassarius reticulatus aangespoeld op Texel. Het Zeepard 59, 4-9.
46. Cadée, G.C. 2002. Mass stranding of cuttlebones of Sepia orbignyana Férussac, 1826, on Texel, the Netherlands, in July 2002 (Cephalopoda, Decapoda, Sepiidae). Basteria 66, 113-120.
47. Calder, D.R. 1993. Local distribution and biogeography of the hydroids (Cnidaria) of Bermuda. Caribbean Journal of Science 29, 61-74.
48. Calder, D.R. 1995. Hydroid assemblages on holopelagic Sargassum from the Sargasso Sea at Bermuda. Bulletin of Marine Science 56, 537-546.
49. Caldwell, D.K. 1969. Baby loggerhead turtles associated with Sargassum weed. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Science 31, 271-272.
50. Calsbeek, R. & Smith, T.B. 2003. Ocean currents mediate evolution in island lizards. Nature 426, 552-555.
51. Capuzzo, J.M. 1987. Biological effects of petroleum hydrocarbons: assessments from experimental results. In Long-Term Environmental Effects of Offshore Oil and Gas Development, D.F. Boesch & N.N. Rabalais (eds). London: Elsevier Applied Science, 343-410.
52. Carlquist, S. 1965. Island Life - A Natural History of the Islands of the World. Garden City, New York: The Natural History Press.
53. Carlquist, S. 1966. The biota of long distance dispersal. I. Principles of dispersal and evolution. Quarterly Journal of Biology 41, 247-270.
54. Carlquist, S. 1967. The biota of long distance dispersal. V. Plant dispersal to the Pacific Islands. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 94, 129-162.
55. Carlton, J.T. 2003. Community assembly and historical biogeography in the North Atlantic Ocean: the potential role of human-mediated dispersal vectors. Hydrobiologia 503, 1-8.
56. Carlton, J.T. & Geller, J.B. 1993. Ecological roulette: the global transport of nonindigenous marine organisms. Science 261, 78-82.
57. Carpenter, E.J. 1970. Diatoms attached to floating Sargassum in the western Sargasso Sea. Phycologia 9, 271-274.
58. Carpenter, E.J. 1972. Nitrogen fixation by a blue-green epiphyte on pelagic Sargassum. Science 178, 1207-1209.
59. Carpenter, E.J. & Cox, J.L. 1974. Production of pelagic Sargassum and a blue-green epiphyte in the western Sargasso Sea. Limnology and Oceanography 19, 429-436.
60. Carpenter, E.J. & Smith, K.L. 1972. Plastics on the Sargasso Sea surface. Science 175, 1240-1241.
61. Carr, A.F. & Meylan, A.B. 1980. Evidence of passive migration of green turtle hatchlings in Sargassum. Copeia 1980, 366-368.
62. Carranza, S. & Arnold, E.N. 2003. Investigating the origin of transoceanic distributions: mtDNA shows Mabuya lizards (Reptilia, Scincidae) crossed the Atlantic twice. Systematics and Biodiversity 1, 275-282.
63. Carranza, S., Arnold, E.N., Mateo, J.A. & Lopez-Jurado, L.F. 2000. Long-distance colonization and radiation in gekkonid lizards, Tarentola (Reptilia: Gekkonidae), revealed by mitochondrial DNA sequences. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 267, 637-649.
64. Castilla, J.C. & Guiñez, R. 2000. Disjoint geographical distribution of intertidal and nearshore benthic invertebrates in the southern hemisphere. Revista Chilena De Historia Natural 73, 585-603.
65. Castro, J.J., Santiago, J.A. & Santana-Ortega, A.T. 2002. A general theory on fish aggregation to floating objects: an alternative to the meeting point hypothesis. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 11, 255-277.
66. Censky, E.J., Hodge, K. & Dudley, J. 1998. Over-water dispersal of lizards due to hurricanes. Nature 395, 556.
67. Chace, P.A. 1951. The oceanic crabs of the genera Planes and Pachygrapsus. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 101, 65-103.
68. Chace, F.A. 1966. Decapod crustaceans from St. Helena Island, South Atlantic. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 118, 623-660.
69. Chamberlain Jr, J.A., Ward, P.D. & Scott Weaver, J. 1981. Post-mortem ascent of Nautilus shells: Implications for cephalopod paleobiogeography. Paleobiology 4, 494-509.
70. Chambers, R.J., McQuaid, C.D. & Kirby, R. 1998. The use of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA to analyze the genetic diversity, the systematic relationships and the evolution of intertidal limpets, Siphonaria spp. (Pulmonata: Gastropoda), with different reproductive modes. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 227, 49-66.
71. Chaparro, O.R., Saldivia, C.L. & Paschke, K.A. 2001. Regulatory aspects of the brood capacity of Crepidula fecunda Gallardo 1979 (Gastropoda: Calyptraeidae). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 266, 97-108.
72. Cheng, L. 1975. Marine pleuston - animals at the sea-air interface. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review 13, 181-212.
73. Cheng, L. & Birch, M.C. 1977. Terrestrial insects at sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 57, 995-997.
74. Cheng, L. & Lewin, R.A. 1975. Flatworms afloat. Nature 258, 518-519.
75. Chess, J.R. 1993. Effects of the stipe-boring amphipod Peramphithoe stypotrupetes (Corophioidea: Ampithoidae) and grazing gastropods on the kelp Laminaria setchellii. Journal of Crustacean Biology 13, 638-646.
76. Chirat, R. 2000. The so-called 'cosmopolitan palaeobiogeographic distribution' of Tertiary Nautilida of the genus Aturia Bronn 1838: the result of post-mortem transport by oceanic palaeocurrents. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 157, 59-77.
77. Cho, S.H., Myoung, J.G., Kim, J.M. & Lee, J.H. 2001. Fish fauna associated with drifting seaweed in the coastal area of Tongyeong, Korea. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 130, 1190-1202.
78. Clench, W.J. 1925. A possible manner of snake distribution. Copeia 1925, 40.
79. Collin, R. 2001. The effects of mode of development on phylogeography and population structure of North Atlantic Crepidula (Gastropoda: Calyptraeidae). Molecular Ecology 10, 2249-2262.
80. Commitee on Oil in the Sea: Inputs, Fates, and Effects, Ocean Studies Board and Marine Board, Divisions of Earth and Life Studies and Transportation Research Board, National Research Council 2003. Oil in the Sea III. Washington, D.C.: The National Academic Press.
81. Conover, J.T. & Sieburth, J.M. 1964. Effect of Sargassum distribution on its epibiota and antibacterial activity. Botanica Marina 6, 147-157.
82. Coombs, D.S. & Landis, C.S. 1966. Pumice from the South Sandwich eruption of March 1962 reaches New Zealand. Nature 209, 289-290.
83. Cornelius, P.F.S. 1992a. The Azores hydroid fauna and its origin, with discussion of rafting and medusa suppression. Arquipelago 10, 75-99.
84. Cornelius, P.F.S. 1992b. Medusa loss in leptolid Hydrozoa (Cnidaria), hydroid rafting, and abbreviated life-cycles among their remote-island faunae: an interim review. Scientia Marina 56, 245-261.
85. Coston-Clements, L., Dettle, L.R., Hoss, D.E. & Cross, P.A. 1991. Utilization of the Sargassum habitat by marine invertebrates and vertebrates -a review. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-296.
86. Coulson, S.J., Hodkinson, I.D., Webb, N.R. & Harrison, J.A. 2002. Survival of terrestrial soil-dwelling arthropods on and in seawater: implications for trans-oceanic dispersal. Functional Ecology 16, 353-356.
87. Coyer, J.A., Smith, G.J. & Andersen, R.A. 2001. Evolution of Macrocystis spp. (Phaeophyceae) as determined by ITS1 and ITS2 sequences. Journal of Phycology 37, 574-585.
88. Crossland, C. 1952. Madreporaria, Hydrocorallinae, Heliopora and Tubipora. Scientific Reports: Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-29 6, 86-257.
89. Crozier, W.J. 1918. Note on the coloration of Planes minutus. American Naturalist 52, 616-617.
90. Culliney, J.L. 1970. Measurements of reactive phosphorus associated with pelagic Sargassum in the northwest Sargasso Sea. Limnology and Oceanography 15, 304-306.
91. Cundell, A.M., Sleeter, T.D. & Mitchell, R. 1978. Microbial populations associated with the surface of the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum. Microbial Ecology 4, 81-91.
92. Cunningham, C.W. & Collins, T.M. 1998. Beyond area relationships: extinction and recolonization in molecular marine biogeography. In Molecular Approaches to Ecology and Evolution, R. DeSalle & B. Schierwater (eds). Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag, 297-321.
93. Daborn, G.R. & Gregory, R.S. 1983. Occurrence, distribution, and feeding habits of juvenile lumpfish, Cyclopterus lumpus L. in the Bay of Fundy. Canadian Journal of Zoology 61, 797-801.
94. Dahl, A.L. 1984. Biogeographical aspects of isolation in the Pacific. Ambio 13, 302-305.
95. Daniel, G., Nilsson, T. & Cragg, S.M. 1991. Limnoria lignorum ingest bacterial and fungal degraded wood. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 49, 488-490.
96. Davenport, J. 1992. Observations on the ecology, behaviour, swimming mechanism and energetics of the neustonic grapsid crab. Planes minutus. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 72, 611-620.
97. Davenport, J. & Rees, E.I.S. 1993. Observations on neuston and floating weed patches in the Irish Sea. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 36, 395-411.
98. Davenport, J. & Stevenson, T.D.I. 1998. Intertidal colonization rates. A matched latitude, north v. south, remote v. near shore island experiment. Diversity and Distributions 4, 87-92.
99. Delgadillo, C. 2000. Mosses and the Caribbean connection between North and South America. Bryologist 103, 82-86.
100. Dell, R.K. 1964. The oceanic crab, Pachygrapsus marinus (Rathbun) in the south-west Pacific. Crustaceana 7, 79-80.
101. Dell, R.K. 1972. Antarctic benthos. Advances in Marine Biology 10, 1-216.
102. Dellinger, T., Davenport, J. & Wirtz, P. 1997. Comparisons of social structure of Columbus crabs living on loggerhead sea turtles and inanimate flotsam. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Plymouth 77, 185-194.
103. De Matthaeis, E., Davolos, D. & Cobolli, M. 1998. Genetic divergence between populations and species of talitrids from Aegean Islands. Journal of Heredity 89, 37-43.
104. De Matthaeis, E., Davolos, D., Cobolli, M. & Ketmaier, V. 2000. Isolation by distance in equilibrium and nonequilibrium populations of four talitrid species in the Mediterranean Sea. Evolution 54, 1606-1613.
105. Derraik, J.G.B. 2002. The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44, 842-852.
106. Dethier, M.N., McDonald, K. & Strathmann, R.R. 2003. Colonization and connectivity of habitat patches for coastal marine species distant from source populations. Conservation Biology 17, 1024-1035.
107. Deudero, S. & Morales-Nin, B. 2000. Occurrence of Polyprion americanus under floating objects in western Mediterranean oceanic waters, inference from stomach contents analysis. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80, 751-752.
108. Deudero, S. & Morales-Nin, B. 2001a. Surface mesozooplankton in open waters of the Western Mediterranean. Ophelia 54, 1-13.
109. Deudero, S. & Morales-Nin, B. 2001b. Prey selectivity in planktivorous juvenile fishes associated with floating objects in the western Mediterranean. Aquaculture Research 32, 481-490.
110. DeVantier, L.M. 1992. Rafting of tropical marine organisms on buoyant coralla. Marine Ecology Progress Series 86, 301-302.
111. Deysher, L. & Norton, T.A. 1981. Dispersal and colonization in Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 56, 179-195.
112. Dixon, J., Schroeter, S.C. & Kastendiek, J. 1981. Effects of the encrusting bryozoan, Membranipora membranacea, on the loss of blades and fronds by the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera (Laminariales). Journal of Phycology 17, 341-345.
113. Docters van Leeuwen, W.M. 1936. Krakatau 1883-1933. A. Botany. Annales du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg 46-47, 1-507.
114. Domaneschi, O., da Silva, J., Neto, L. & Passos, F. 2002. New perspectives on the dispersal mechanisms of the Antarctic brooding bivalve Mysella charcoti (Lamy, 1906). Polar Biology 25, 538-541.
115. Donlan, C.J. & Nelson, P.A. 2003. Observations of invertebrate colonized floatsam in the eastern tropical Pacific, with a discussion of rafting. Bulletin of Marine Science 72, 231-240.
116. Dooley, J.K. 1972. Fishes associated with the pelagic Sargassum complex, with a discussion of the Sargassum community. Contributions in Marine Science 16, 1-32.
117. Dow, T.G. & Menzies, R.J. 1958. The pelagic isopod Idotea metallica in the Mediterranean. Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli 30, 330-336.
118. Druce, B.E. & Kingsford, M.J. 1995. An experimental investigation on the fishes associated with drifting objects in coastal waters of temperate Australia. Bulletin of Marine Science 57, 378-392.
119. Dudgeon, S., Kubler, J.E., Wright, W.A., Vadas, R.L. & Petriatis, P.S. 2001. Natural variability in zygote dispersal of Ascophyllum nodosum at small spatial scale. Functional Ecology 15, 595-604.
120. Duke, N.C. 1995. Genetic diversity, distributional barriers and rafting continents - more thoughts on the evolution of mangroves. Hydrobiologia 295, 167-181.
121. Dyke, A.S., England, J., Reimnitz, E. & Jette, H. 1997. Changes in driftwood delivery to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: the hypothesis of postglacial oscillations of the transpolar drift. Arctic 50, 1-16.
122. Ebert, T.A. 1996. The consequence of broadcasting, brooding, and asexual reproduction in echinoderm metapopulations. Oceanologica Acta 19, 217-226.
123. Eckert, G.L. 2003. Effects of the planktonic period on marine population fluctuations. Ecology 84, 372-383.
124. Edgar, G.J. 1987. Dispersal of faunal and floral propagules associated with drifting Macrocystis pyrifera plants. Marine Biology 95, 599-610.
125. Edgar, G.J. 1992. Patterns of colonization of mobile epifauna in a Western Australian seagrass bed. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 157, 225-246.
126. Edgar, G.J. & Burton, H.R. 2000. The biogeography of shallow-water macrofauna at Heard Island. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 133, 23-26.
127. Edmands, S. & Potts, D.C. 1997. Population genetic structure in brooding sea anemones (Epiactis spp.) with contrasting reproductive modes. Marine Biology 127, 485-498.
128. Edmondson, C.H. 1946. Dispersal of shipworms among Central Pacific Islands, with description of new species. Occasional Papers of Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii 18, 211-224.
129. Edmondson, C.H. 1962. Teredinidae, ocean travelers. Occasional Papers of Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii 23, 45-59.
130. Edwards, S.F. & Welsh, B.L. 1982. Trophic dynamics of a mud snail [Ilyanassa obsoleta (Say)] population on an intertidal mudflat. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 14, 663-686.
131. Ekman, S. 1967. Zoogeography of the Sea. London: Sidgwick & Jackson.
132. El-Shanshoury, A.R., Mona, M.H., Shoukr, F.A. & El-Bossery, A.M. 1994. The enumeration and characterization of bacteria and fungi associated with marine wood-boring isopods, and the ability of these microorganisms to digest cellulose and wood. Marine Biology 119, 321-326.
133. Emery, K.O. 1955. Transportation of rocks by driftwood. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 25, 51-57.
134. Emery, K.O. 1963. Organic transportation of marine sediments. In The Sea, M.N. Hill (ed.). New York: Wiley, 776-793.
135. Evans, F. 1958. Growth and maturity of the barnacles Lepashillii and Lepas anatifera. Nature 182, 1245-1246.
136. Fage, L. 1949. Classe des Pycnogonides. In Traité de Zoologie, P.-P. Grassé (ed.). Paris: Masson et Cie., 906-941.
137. Fairbridge, R.W. & Teichert, C. 1948. The Low Isles of the Great Barrier Reef: a new analysis. The Geographical Journal 111, 67-88.
138. Faust, M.A. & Gulledge, R.A. 1996. Associations of microalgae and meiofauna in floating detritus at a mangrove island, Twin Cays, Belize. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 197, 159-175.
139. Fedoryako, B.I. 1989. A comparative characteristic of oceanic fish assemblages associated with floating debris. Journal of Ichthyology 29, 128-137.
140. Feilden, H.W. 1889. Notes on the reptiles of Barbados. Zoologist, Ser. 3, 13, 295-298.
141. Fell, H.-B. 1953. Echinoderms from the subantarctic islands of New Zealand: Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, and Echinoidea. Cape Expedition Series, Scientific Results of the New Zealand Subantarctic Expedition, 1941-1945. Dominion Museum Records in Zoology (Wellington) 2, 73-111.
142. Fell, H.B. 1962. West-wind drift dispersal of echinoderms in the Southern Hemisphere. Nature 193, 759-761.
143. Fell, H.B. 1967. Cretaceous and Tertiary surface currents of the oceans. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review 5, 317-347.
144. Fine, M.L. 1970. Faunal variation on pelagic Sargassum. Marine Biology 7, 112-122.
145. Fletemeyer, J.R. 1978. Underwater tracking of neonate loggerhead seaturtles seeking shelter in drifting Sargassum. Copeia 1978, 148-149.
146. Fox, W. 1963. Special tubules for sperm storage in female lizards. Nature 198, 500-501.
147. Franke, H.D. 1993. Mating system of the commensal marine isopod Jaera hopeana (Crustacea) I. The male-manca(I) amplexus. Marine Biology 115, 65-73.
148. Franke, H.-D. & Gutow, L. 2004. Long-term changes in the macro-zoobenthos around the rocky island of Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea). Helgoland Marine Research 58, 303-310.
149. Franke, H.-D., Gutow, L. & Janke, M. 1999. The recent arrival of the oceanic isopod Idotea metallica Bosc off Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea): an indication of a warming trend in the North Sea? Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 52, 347-357.
150. Franke, H.-D. & Janke, M. 1998. Mechanisms and consequences of intra- and interspecific interference competition in Idotea baltica (Pallas) and Idotea emarginata (Fabricius) (Crustacea: Isopoda): a laboratory study of possible proximate causes of habitat segregation. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 227, 1-21.
151. Friedrich, H. 1969. Marine Biology. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
152. Fushimi, K., Nishikawa, M. & Mitsuda, H. 1991. Floating pumices in the western North Pacific. The Oceanographical Magazine/Kishocho Obun Kaiyo Hokoku 41, 59-74.
153. Gallager, S.M., Turner, R.D. & Berg Jr, C.J., 1981. Physiological aspects of wood consumption, growth, and reproduction in the shipworm Lyrodus pedicellatus Quatrefages (Bivalvia: Teredinidae). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 52, 63-77.
154. Gathorne-Hardy, F.J. & Jones, D.T. 2000. The recolonization of the Krakatau islands by termites (Isoptera), and their biogeographical origins. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 71, 251-267.
155. Gebauer, P., Paschke, K. & Anger, K. 2003. Delayed metamorphosis in decapod crustaceans: evidence and consequences. Revista Chilena De Historia Natural 76, 169-175.
156. Gee, J.M. 1963. Pelagic life of Spirorbis larvae. Nature 198, 1109-1110.
157. Geiselmann, J. 1983. The food web of the Sargassum community. Bermuda Biological Station Special Publications 22, 260-270.
158. Gerlach, S.A. 1977. Means of meiofaunal dispersal. Mikrofauna Meeresboden 61, 89-103.
159. Gerrodette, T. 1981. Dispersal of the solitary coral Balanophyllia elegans by demersal planular larvae. Ecology 62, 611-619.
160. Giese, A.C. & Pearse, J.S. 1977. Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates - Volume 4: Mollusc: Gastropods and Cephalopods. New York: Academic Press.
161. Glynn, P.W. & Ault, J.S. 2000. A biogeographic analysis and review of the far eastern Pacific coral reef region. Coral Reefs 19, 1-23.
162. González, S.A. & Edding, M.E. 1990a. Extension of the range of Heterozostera tasmanica (Martens ex Aschers.) den Hartog in Chile. Aquatic Botany 38, 391-395.
163. González, S.A. & Edding, M.E. 1990b. Achelia assimilis (Haswell, 1884) in the Heterozostera bed of Puerto Aldea, Coquimbo: first record from the northern Chilean coast (Pycnogonida: Ammotheidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 103, 151-156.
164. Gooding, R.M. & Magnuson, J.J. 1967. Ecological significance of a drifting object to pelagic fishes. Pacific Science 21, 486-497.
165. Goodsir, H.D.S. 1845. Description of some animals found amongst the gulf-weed. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History Zoology Botany and Geology 15, 73-76.
166. Gorelova, T.A. & Fedoryako, B.I. 1986. Topic and trophic relations in fishes associated with floating gulfweed biocoenosis. Voprosy Ikhtiologii 26, 94-102.
167. Gould, S.J. 1977. Ontogeny and Phylogeny. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
168. Grantham, B.A., Eckert, G.L. & Shanks, A.L. 2003. Dispersal potential of marine invertebrates in diverse habitats. Ecological Applications 13, S108-S116.
169. Gravier-Bonnet, N. 1992. Cloning and dispersal by buoyant autotomised hydranths of a thecate hydroid (Cnidaria; Hydrozoa). Scientia Marina 56, 229-236.
170. Green, A., Tyler, P.A., Angel, M.V. & Gage, J.D. 1994. Gametogenesis in deep- and surface-dwelling oceanic stalked barnacles from the NE Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 184, 142-158.
171. Gregory, M.R. 1978. Accumulation and distribution of virgin plastic granules on New Zealand beaches. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 12, 399-414.
172. Greve, L. 1974. Anatanais normanni (Richardson) found near Bermuda and notes on other Anatanais species. Sarsia 55, 115-120.
173. Griffiths, C.L. & Stenton-Dozey, J. 1981. The fauna and rate of degradation of stranded kelp. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 12, 645-653.
174. Grosholz, E.D. & Ruiz, G.M. 2003. Biological invasions drive size increases in marine and estuarine invertebrates. Ecology Letters 6, 700-705.
175. Guilding, L. 1828. Observations on the zoology of the Caribbean Islands. Zoological Journal 3, 403-408.
176. Guppy, H.B. 1906. Observations of a Naturalist in the Pacific. Vol. II - Plant-Dispersal. London: MacMillan.
177. Guppy, H.B. 1917. Plants, Seeds and Currents in the East Indies. London: William Norgate.
178. Gutow, L. 2003a. Local population persistence as a pre-condition for large scale dispersal of Idotea metallica (Crustacea: Isopoda) on drifting habitat patches. Hydrobiologia 503, 45-48.
179. Gutow, L. 2003b. Konkurrenz, Habitatsegregation und Metapopulationseffekte: Perspektiven für Idotea metallica (Crustacea, Isopoda) in der Nordsee. Ph.D. Thesis, Free University Berlin.
180. Gutow, L. & Franke, H.D. 2001. On the current and possible future status of the neustonic isopod Idotea metallica Bosc in the North Sea: a laboratory study. Journal of Sea Research 45, 37-44.
181. Gutow, L. & Franke, H.D. 2003. Metapopulation structure of the marine isopod Idotea metallica, a species associated with drifting habitat patches. Helgoland Marine Research 56, 259-264.
182. Hacker, S.D. & Madin, L.P. 1991. Why habitat architecture and color are important to shrimps living in pelagic Sargassum: use of camouflage and plant-part mimicry. Marine Ecology Progress Series 70, 143-155.
183. Hafner, D.J., Riddle, B.R. & Alvarez-Castaneda, S.T. 2001. Evolutionary relationships of white-footed mice (Peromyscus) on islands in the Sea of Cortez, Mexico. Journal of Mammalogy 82, 775-790.
184. Hallegraeff, G.M. 1992. On the global spreading of toxic dinoflagellates. Ciguatera Information Bulletin 2, 2-4.
185. Hamada, T. 1964. Notes on drifted Nautilus in Thailand. Scientific Papers of the College of General Education, University of Tokyo 14, 255-277.
186. Hardwick-Witman, M.N. 1985. Biological consequences of ice rafting in a New England salt marsh community. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 87, 283-298.
187. Harrold, C. & Lisin, S. 1989. Radio-tracking rafts of giant kelp: local production and regional transport. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 130, 237-251.
188. Hart, M.W., Byrne, M. & Smith, M.J. 1997. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of life-history evolution in asterinid starfish. Evolution 51, 1848-1861.
189. Hartnoll, R.G. 2000. Evolution of brachyuran mating behavior: relation to the female molting pattern. In The Biodiversity Crisis and Crustacea. Proceedings of the Fourth International Crustacean Congress. Amsterdam, Netherlands, 20-24 July 1998, Volume 2, J.C. von Vaupel Klein & F.R. Schram (eds). Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 519-525.
190. Harwell, M.C. & Orth, R.J. 2002. Long-distance dispersal potential in a marine macrophyte. Ecology 83, 3319-3330.
191. Häussermann, V. & Försterra, G. 2001. A new species of sea anemone from Chile, Anemonia alicemartinae n. sp. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). An invader or an indicator for environmental change in shallow water? Organisms Diversity & Evolution 1, 211-224.
192. Hayami, I. & Kase, T. 1996. Characteristics of submarine cave bivalves in the northwestern Pacific. American Malacological Bulletin 12, 59-65.
193. Heatwole, H. & Levins, R. 1972. Biogeography of the Puerto Rican Bank: flotsam transport of terrestrial animals. Ecology 53, 112-117.
194. Heatwole, H., Sade, D.S. & Hildreth, R. 1963. Herpetogeography of Puerto Rico. I. Herpetofauna of Cayo Santiago and Cayo Batata. Caribbean Journal of Science 3, 1-5.
195. Hedgpeth, J.E. 1953. An introduction to the zoogeography of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico with reference to the invertebrate fauna. Publications of the Institute of Marine Science University Texas 3, 111-211.
196. Helmuth, B., Veit, R.R. & Holberton, R. 1994. Long-distance dispersal of a sub-Antarctic brooding bivalve (Gaimardia trapesina) by kelp-rafting. Marine Biology 120, 421-426.
197. Hemsley, W.B. 1885. Introduction. Present state of knowledge of various insular floras, being an introduction to the botany of the Challenger expedition. Report of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H.M.S. Challenger. III. Botany, Volume I.
198. Hendler, G. 1991. Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea. In Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates, A.C. Giese et al. (eds). Pacific Grove, California: The Boxwood Press, 355-511.
199. Hentschel, E. 1922. Über den Bewuchs auf treibenden Tangen der Sargassosee. Mitteilungen des Zoologischen Staatsinstituts und Zoologischen Museums Hamburg 38, 1-26.
200. Herring, P.J. 1969. Pigmentation and carotenoid metabolism of the marine isopod Idotea metallica. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 49, 766-779.
201. Hicks, G.R.F. 1977. Species composition and zoogeography of marine phytal harpacticoid copepods from Cook Strait, and their contribution to total phytal meiofauna. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 11, 441-469.
202. Hicks, G.R.F. 1988. Sediment rafting: a novel mechanism for the small-scale dispersal of intertidal estuarine meiofauna. Marine Ecology Progress Series 48, 69-80.
203. Highsmith, R.C. 1985. Floating and algal rafting as potential dispersal mechanisms in brooding invertebrates. Marine Ecology Progress Series 25, 169-179.
204. Hirosaki, Y. 1960. Observations and experiments on the behavior of fishes toward floating objects in aquarium (preliminary report). Journal of the Faculty of Science of the Hokkaido University (Ser. VI) 14, 320-326.
205. Hirosaki, Y. 1964. Ecological study on fishes with the drifting seaweeds. III. Accompanying animals excluding fishes. Miscellaneous Reports of the Research Institute for Natural Resources, Tokyo 62, 63-70.
206. Hitchcock, H.B. 1941. The coloration and color changes of the gulf-weed crab, Planes minutus. Biological Bulletin 80, 26-30.
207. Hobday, A.J. 1998. Faunal patterns and dispersal on kelp rafts in Southern California. Ph.D. Thesis, University of California.
208. Hobday, A.J. 2000a. Persistence and transport of fauna on drifting kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) C. Agardh) rafts in the Southern California Bight. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 253, 75-96.
209. Hobday, A.J. 2000b. Age of drifting Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) C. Agardh rafts in the Southern California Bight. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 253, 97-114.
210. Hodgson, T.V. 1896. Nautilograpsus minutus, Milne-Edwards: faunistic notes. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 4, 178.
211. Hoek, C.v.d. 1987. The possible significance of long-range dispersal for the biogeography of seaweeds. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 41, 261-272.
212. Hoffmann, A.J. 1987. The arrival of seaweed propagules at the shore: a review. Botanica Marina 30, 151-165.
213. Holdway, P. & Maddock, L. 1983a. A comparative survey of neuston. Geographical and temporal distribution patterns. Marine Biology 76, 263-270.
214. Holdway, P. & Maddock, L. 1983b. Neustonic distributions. Marine Biology 77, 207-214.
215. Holmquist, J.G. 1994. Benthic macroalgae as a dispersal mechanism for fauna - influence of a marine tumbleweed. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 180, 235-251.
216. Holmström, A. 1975. Plastic films on the bottom of the Skagerrak. Nature 255, 622-623.
217. Holmström, C. & Kjelleberg, S. 1999. Factors influencing the settlement of macrofoulers. In Recent Advances in Marine Biotechnology, Volume 3: Bio films, Bioadhesion, Corrosion, and Biofouling, M. Fingermann et al. (eds). New Dehli: Science Publishers, Inc., 173-201.
218. Horn, M.H., Teal, J.M. & Backus, R.H. 1970. Petroleum lumps on the surface of the sea. Science 168, 245-246.
219. Horvath, T.G. & Lamberti, G.A. 1997. Drifting macrophytes as a mechanism for zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) invasion of lake-outlet streams. American Midland Naturalist 138, 29-36.
220. Hoskin, M.G. 1997. Effects of contrasting modes of larval development on the genetic structures of populations of three species of prosobranch gastropods. Marine Biology 127, 647-656.
221. Houtman, R., Paul, L.R., Ungemach, R.V. & Ydenberg, R.C. 1997. Feeding and predator-avoidance by the rose anemone Urticina piscivora. Marine Biology 128, 225-229.
222. Huber, M.E. 1985. Population genetics of eight species of Trapezia (Brachyura: Xanthidae), symbionts of corals. Marine Biology 85, 23-36.
223. Hultén, E. 1962. Plants of the floating ice-island Arlis II. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 56, 362-364.
224. Hunter, J.R. & Mitchell, C.T. 1967. Association of fishes with flotsam in the offshore waters of Central America. Fisheries Bulletin 66, 13-29.
225. Hurd, C.L., Durante, K.M., Chia, F.S. & Harrison, P.J. 1994. Effect of bryozoan colonization on inorganic nitrogen acquisition by the kelps Agarum fimbriatum and Macrocystis integrifolia. Marine Biology 121, 167-173.
226. Hyde, K. 1989. Ecology of tropical marine fungi. Hydrobiologia 178, 199-208.
227. Hyman, L. 1939. Acoel and polyclad turbellaria from Bermuda and the Sargassum. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection 3, 1-26.
228. Ida, H., Hiyama, Y. & Kusaka, T. 1967. Study on fishes gathering around floating seaweed - II. Behavior and feeding habit. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Science and Fisheries 33, 930-936.
229. Il'in, I.N. 1992. Pelagic epiboly in the tropical and subtropical waters of the ocean. In Obrastaniye i biopovrezhdenya, I. N. Il'in (ed.). Moscow: Nauka, 77-111.
230. Il'in, I.N., Makarov, R.R. & Mileikovsky, S.A. 1977. Fouling of experimental surfaces by goose barnacles and distribution of their larvae in plankton far from shores. Soviet Journal of Marine Biology 3, 154-156.
231. Il'in, I.N. & Roginskaya, I.S. 1987. Mollusks-Nudibranchia in pelagic epifauna of solid substrata. In Feeding of Marine Invertebrates and Its Role in Community Formation. Moscow: Inst. Okeanol. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 72-75.
232. Inglis, G. 1989. The colonisation and degradation of stranded Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) C. Ag. by the macrofauna of a New Zealand sandy beach. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 125, 203-218.
233. Ingólfsson, A. 1977. Distribution and habitat preferences of some intertidal amphipods in Iceland. Acta Naturalia Islandica 25, 1-28.
234. Ingólfsson, A. 1992. The origin of the rocky shore fauna of Iceland and the Canadian Maritimes. Journal of Biogeography 19, 705-712.
235. Ingólfsson, A. 1995. Floating clumps of seaweed around Iceland: natural microcosms and a means of dispersal for shore fauna. Marine Biology 122, 13-21.
236. Ingólfsson, A. 1998. Dynamics of macrofaunal communities of floating seaweed clumps off western Iceland: a study of patches on the surface of the sea. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 231, 119-137.
237. Ingólfsson, A. 2000. Colonization of floating seaweed by pelagic and subtidal benthic animals in southwestern Iceland. Hydrobiologia 440, 181-189.
238. Ingólfsson, A. & Agnarsson, I. 2003. Amphipods and isopods in the rocky intertidal: dispersal and movements during high tide. Marine Biology 143, 859-866.
239. Ingólfsson, A. & Kristjánsson, B.K. 2002. Diet of juvenile lumpsucker Cyclopterus lumpus (Cyclopteridae) in floating seaweed: effects of ontogeny and prey availability. Copeia 2002, 472-476.
240. Ingólfsson, A. & Ólafsson, E. 1997. Vital role of drift algae in the life history of the pelagic harpacticoid Parathalestris croni in the northern North Atlantic. Journal of Plankton Research 19, 15-27.
241. Ingvarson, F. 1903. Origin of driftwood on Jan Mayen Island. Polar Research 17, 125-146.
242. Jablonski, D. & Lutz, R.A. 1983. Larval ecology of marine benthic invertebrates; paleobiological implications. Biological Reviews 58, 21-89.
243. Jackson, J.B.C. 1986. Modes of dispersal of clonal benthic invertebrates: consequences for species' distributions and genetic structure of local populations. Bulletin of Marine Science 39, 588-606.
244. Jara, C. & Jaramillo, E. 1979. Report on a finding of Planes marinus Rathbun, 1914, on a [loose] buoy in Maiquillahue, Valdivia province, Chile. Medio Ambiente 4, 108-113.
245. Johannesson, K. 1988. The paradox of Rockall: why is a brooding gastropod (Littorina saxatilis) more widespread than one having a planktonic larval dispersal stage (L. littorea)? Marine Biology 99, 507-513.
246. Johannesson, K. 2002. Evolution in Littorina: ecology matters. Journal of Sea Research 49, 107-117.
247. Johannesson, K. & Warmoes, T. 1990. Rapid colonization of Belgian breakwaters by the direct developer, Littorina saxatilis (Olivi) (Prosobranchia, Mollusca). Hydrobiologia 193, 99-108.
248. Johansen, S. & Hytteborn, H. 2001. A contribution to the discussion of biota dispersal with drift ice and driftwood in the North Atlantic. Journal of Biogeography 28, 105-115.
249. John, D.M. 1974. New records of Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) de Jol. from the warmer parts of the Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Phycology 10, 243-244.
250. Johnson, D.L. & Braman, R.S. 1975. The speciation of arsenic and the content of germanium and mercury in members of the pelagic Sargassum community. Deep-Sea Research 22, 503-507.
251. Johnson, D.L. & Richardson, P.L. 1977. On the wind-induced sinking of Sargassum. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 28, 255-267.
252. Johnson, M.P., Allcock, A.L., Pye, S.E., Chambers, S.J. & Fitton, D.M. 2001. The effects of dispersal mode on the spatial distribution patterns of intertidal molluscs. Journal of Animal Ecology 70, 641-649.
253. Johnson, M.W. & Olson, J.B. 1948. The life history of a marine harpacticoid copepod, Tisbe furcata (Baird). Biological Bulletin 95, 320-332.
254. Jokiel, P.L. 1984. Long distance dispersal of reef corals by rafting. Coral Reefs 3, 113-116.
255. Jokiel, P.L. 1989. Rafting of reef corals and other organisms at Kwajalein Atoll. Marine Biology 101, 483-493.
256. Jokiel, P.L. 1990a. Transport of reef corals into the Great Barrier Reef. Nature 347, 665-667.
257. Jokiel, P.L. 1990b. Long-distance dispersal by rafting: reemergence of an old hypothesis. Endeavour 14, 66-73.
258. Kaldy, J.E. & Dunton, K.H. 1999. Ontogenetic photosynthetic changes, dispersal and survival of Thalassia testudinum (turtle grass) seedlings in a sub-tropical lagoon. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 240, 193-212.
259. Kampf, W.-D., Becker, G. & Kohlmeyer, J. 1959. Versuche über das Auffinden und den Befall von Holz durch Larven der Bohrmuschel Teredo pedicellata Qutrf. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Zoologie 46, 257-283.
260. Kaplan, D.M., Largier, J.L., Navarrete, S., Guiñez, R. & Castilla, J.C. 2003. Large diurnal temperature fluctuations in the nearshore water column. Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science 57, 385-398.
261. Kathiresan, K. & Bingham, B.L. 2001. Biology of mangroves and mangrove ecosystems. Advances in Marine Biology 40, 81-251.
262. Keller, N.B. 1987. Some data on variation in the biomass of macroepifauna of Sargasso seaweed in the Sargasso Sea. Oceanology 27, 762.
263. Keough, M.J. & Chernoff, H. 1987. Dispersal and population variation in the bryozoan Bugula neritina. Ecology 68, 199-210.
264. Kimura, K., Hotta, H., Fukushima, S.I., Odate, S., Fukuhara, A. & Naito, M. 1958. Study of the Pacific Saury spawning on the drifting sea-weeds in the Sea of Japan. Bulletin of the Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Shiogama 12, 28-45.
265. King, W. 1962. The occurrence of rafts for dispersal of land animals into the West Indies. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 25, 45-52.
266. Kingsford, M.J. 1992. Drift algae and small fish in coastal waters of northeastern New Zealand. Marine Ecology Progress Series 80, 41-55.
267. Kingsford, M.J. 1993. Biotic and abiotic structure in the pelagic environment: importance to small fishes. Bulletin of Marine Science 53, 393-415.
268. Kingsford, M.J. 1995. Drift algae: a contribution to near-shore habitat complexity in the pelagic environment and an attractant for fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series 116, 297-301.
269. Kingsford, M.J. & Choat, J.H. 1985. The fauna associated with drift algae captured with a plankton-mesh purse seine net. Limnology and Oceanography 30, 618-630.
270. Kingsford, M.J. & Choat, J.H. 1986. Influence of surface slicks on the distribution and onshore movements of small fish. Marine Biology 91, 161-171.
271. Kinlan, B.P. & Gaines, S.D. 2003. Propagule dispersal in marine and terrestrial environments: a community perspective. Ecology 94, 2007-2020.
272. Kirkman, H. & Kendrick, G.A. 1997. Ecological significance and commercial harvesting of drifting and beach-cast macro-algae and seagrasses in Australia: a review. Journal of Applied Phycology 9, 311-326.
273. Klima, E. & Wickham, D. 1971. Attraction of coastal pelagic fishes with artificial structures. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 100, 86-99.
274. Knight-Jones, E.W., Knight-Jones, P. & Vine, P.J. 1972. Anchorage of embryos in Spirorbinae (Polychaeta). Marine Biology 12, 289-294.
275. Knight-Jones, P. 1978. New Spirorbidae (Polychaeta: Sedentaria) from the East Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and Southern Oceans. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 64, 201-240.
276. Knight-Jones, P. & Knight-Jones, E.W. 1984. Systematics, ecology and distribution of Southern Hemisphere spirorbids. In Proceedings of the First International Polychaete Conference, P.A. Hutchings (ed.). Sydney, N.S.W.: Linnean Society, 196-210.
277. Knight-Jones, P., Knight-Jones, E.W., Thorp, C.H. & Gray, P.W.G. 1975. Immigrant spirorbids (Polychaeta Sedentaria) on the Japanese Sargassum at Portsmouth, England. Zoologica Scripta 4, 145-149.
278. Knox, G.A. 1954. The intertidal flora and fauna of the Chatham Islands. Nature 174, 871-873.
279. Kohlmeyer, J. 1972. Parasitic Haloguignardia oceanica (Ascomycetes) and hyperparasitic Sphaceloma cecidii sp. nov. (Deuteromycetes) in drift Sargassum in North Carolina. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. Chapel Hill NC 88, 255-259.
280. Kohlmeyer, J. 1984. Tropical marine fungi. Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli 5, 329-378.
281. Kohlmeyer, J., Bebout, B. & Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, B. 1995. Decomposition of mangrove wood by marine fungi and teredinids in Belize. Marine Ecology 16, 27-39.
282. Kohlmeyer, J. & Kohlmeyer, E. 1979. Marine Mycology: The Higher Fungi. New York: Academic Press.
283. Kornicker, L.S. & Squires, D.F. 1962. Floating corals: a possible source of erroneous distribution data. Limnology and Oceanography 7, 447-452.
284. Koutstaal, B.P., Markusse, M.M. & de Munck, W. 1987. Aspects of seed dispersal by tidal movements. In Vegetation between Land and Sea, A.H.L. Huiskes et al. (eds). Dordrecht: Dr. W. Junk Publishers, 226-233.
285. Kyle, C.J. & Boulding, E.G. 2000. Comparative population genetic structure of marine gastropods (Littorina spp.) with and without pelagic larval dispersal. Marine Biology 137, 835-845.
286. Lam, C., Harder, T. & Qian, P.Y. 2003. Induction of larval settlement in the polychaete Hydroides elegans by surface-associated settlement cues of marine benthic diatoms. Marine Ecology Progress Series 263, 83-92.
287. Lawrence, R.F. 1971. Araneida. In Marion and Prince Edward Islands: Report on the South African Biological and Geological Expedition, 1965-1966, E.M. van Zinderen et al. (eds). Cape Town: A.A. Balkema, 301-313.
288. Leal, J.H. & Bouchet, P. 1991. Distribution patterns and dispersal of prosobranch gastropods along a seamount chain in the Atlantic Ocean. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 71, 11-25.
289. Lee, V.F. 1979. The maritime pseudoscorpions of Baja California, Mexico (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpionida). Occasional Papers of the Californian Academy of Science 131, 1-38.
290. Levin, L.A. 1984. Life history and dispersal patterns in a dense infaunal polychaete assemblage: community structure and response to disturbance. Ecology 65, 1185-1200.
291. Levins, R. & Heatwole, H. 1963. On the distribution of organisms on islands. Caribbean Journal of Science 3, 173-177.
292. Locke, A. & Corey, S. 1986. Terrestrial and freshwater invertebrates in the neuston of the Bay of Fundy, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, 1535-1541.
293. Locke, A. & Corey, S. 1989. Amphipods, isopods and surface currents: a case for passive dispersal in the Bay of Fundy, Canada. Journal of Plankton Research 11, 419-430.
294. Manooch, C.S., III & Hogarth, W.T. 1983. Stomach contents and giant trematodes from wahoo, Acanthocybium solanderi, collected along the South Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. Bulletin of Marine Science 33, 227-238.
295. Marche-Marchad, I. 1968. Remarques sur le développement chez les Cymba, prosobranches volutides et l'hypotehése de leur origine Sud Americaine. Bulletin de Institute Fondamental d'Afrique Noire 30 A, 1028-1037.
296. Marcus, E. 1926. Zur Frage der Tierverbreitung und pazifischen Landverbindung. Ergebnisse und Fortschritte der Zoologie 6, 1-26.
297. Markkaveeva, E.G. 1965. The biocenosis of Sargasso algae in the Red Sea. In Benthos. Kiev: Dumka Nauk, 81-93.
298. Marko, P.B. 1998. Historical allopatry and the biogeography of speciation in the prosobranch snail genus Nucella. Evolution 52, 757-774.
299. Martel, A. & Chia, F.-S. 1991. Drifting and dispersal of small bivalves and gastropods with direct development. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 150, 131-147.
300. Masó, M., Garces, E., Pages, F. & Camp, J. 2003. Drifting plastic debris as a potential vector for dispersing Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) species. Scientia Marina 67, 107-111.
301. Mason, R. 1961. Dispersal of tropical seeds by ocean currents. Nature 191, 408-409.
302. Mathieson, A.C., Penniman, C.A., Busse, P.K. & Tveter-Gallagher, E. 1982. Effects of Ice on Ascophyllum nodosum within the Great Bay estuary system of New Hampshire-Maine. Journal of Phycology 18, 331-336.
303. Matthew, W.D. 1915. Climate and evolution. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 24, 171-318.
304. McDonald, G.R. 1983. A review of the nudibranchs of the California coast. Malacologia 24, 114-276.
305. McInnes, S.J. & Pugh, P.J.A. 1998. Biogeography of limno-terrestrial tardigrada, with particular reference to the antarctic fauna. Journal of Biogeography 25, 31-36.
306. Meshaka Jr, W.E., Butterfield, B.P. & Hauge, J.B. 2004. The Exotic Amphibians and Reptiles of Florida. Malabar, Florida: Krieger Publishing Company.
307. Michaelsen, W. 1897. Die Polychaetenfauna der deutschen Meere einschliesslich der benachbarten und verbindenden Gebiete. Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 2, 1-217.
308. Micoletzky, H. 1922. Freilebende Nematoden aus den treibenden Tangen der Sargassosee. Mitteilungen des Hamburger Zoologischen Museums und Institutes 39, 1-11.
309. Miller, A.W., Hewitt, C.L. & Ruiz, G.M. 2002. Invasion success: does size really matter? Ecology Letters 5, 159-162.
310. Miller, K.A., Olsen, J.L. & Stam, W.T. 2000. Genetic divergence correlated with morphological and ecological subdivision in the deep-water elk kelp, Pelagophycus porra (Phaeophyceae). Journal of Phycology 36, 862-870.
311. Miller, M.A. 1968. Isopoda and Tanaidacea from buoys in coastal waters of the continental United States, Hawaii, and the Bahamas (Crustacea). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 125, 1-53.
312. Minchin, D. 1996. Tar pellets and plastics as attachment surfaces for lepadid cirripedes in the North Atlantic Ocean. Marine Pollution Bulletin 32, 855-859.
313. Mitchell, C.T. & Hunter, J.R. 1970. Fishes associated with drifting kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, off the coast of southern California and northern Baja California. California Fish and Game 56, 288-297.
314. Monge-Nájera, J. 1995. Phylogeny, biogeography and reproductive trends in the Onychophora. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (London) 114, 21-60.
315. Monk, C. R. 1941. Marine harpacticoid copepods from California. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 60, 75-99.
316. Moore, C.J., Moore, S.L., Leecaster, M.K. & Weisberg, S.B. 2001. A comparison of plastic and plankton in the North Pacific central gyre. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42, 1297-1300.
317. Moore, P.D. 2002. Springboards for springtails. Nature 418, 381.
318. Morris, B.F., Cadwallader, J., Geiselmann, J. & Butler, J.N. 1976. Transfer of petroleum and biogenic hydrocarbons in the Sargassum community. In Marine Pollutant Transfer, H.L. Windom & R.A. Duce (eds). Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington Books, 235-259.
319. Morris, B.F. & Mogelberg, D.D. 1973. Identification manual to the pelagic Sargassum fauna. Bermuda Biological Station Special Publications 11, 1-63.
320. Morris, R.J. 1974. Lipid composition of surface films and zooplankton from the Eastern Mediterranean. Marine Pollution Bulletin 5, 105-109.
321. Mortensen, T. 1925. Echinoderms of New Zealand and the Auckland-Campbell Islands. III-V. Asteroidea, Holothuroidea and Crinoidea. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn 79, 261-470.
322. Mortensen, T. 1933. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914-16. LXVI. The echinoderms of St. Helena (other than Crinoids). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn 93, 401-473.
323. Mortensen, T. 1941. Echinoderms of Tristan da Cunha. The Results of the Norwegian Scientific Expedition to Tristan da Cunha 1937-1938 7, 1-10.
324. Morton, B. & Britton, J.C. 2000. The origins of the coastal and marine flora and fauna of the Azores. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review 38, 13-84.
325. Moser, M.L., Auster, P.J. & Bichy, J.B. 1998. Effects of mat morphology on large Sargassum-associated fishes: observations from a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and free-floating video cameras. Environmental Biology of Fishes 51, 391-398.
326. Muir, J. 1934. The correlation between arrival sites of alien seeds with ocean currents. South African Geographical Journal 17, 23-28.
327. Muir, J. 1937. The seed-drift of South Africa and some influence of ocean currents on the strand vegetation. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 16, 1-108.
328. Muñoz, J., Cancino, J.M. & Molina, M.X. 1991. Effect of encrusting bryozoans on the physiology of their algal substratum. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 71, 877-882.
329. Myers, A.A. 1993. Dispersal and endemicity in gammaridean Amphipoda. Journal of Natural History 27, 901-908.
330. Nair, N.B. & Saraswathy, M. 1971. The biology of wood-boring teredinid molluscs. Advances in Marine Biology 9, 335-509.
331. Nelson, P.A. 2003. Marine fish assemblages associated with fish aggregating devices (FADs): effects of fish removal, FAD size, fouling communities, and prior recruits. Fishery Bulletin 101, 835-850.
332. Niedbala, W. 1998. Ptyctimous mites of the Pacific Islands. Recent knowledge, origin, descriptions, redescriptions, diagnoses and zoogeography (Acari: Oribatida). Genus 9, 431-458.
333. Niermann, U. 1986. Distribution of Sargassum natans and some of its epibionts in the Sargasso Sea. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 40, 343-353.
334. Nilsson-Cantell, C.A. 1930. Thoracic cirripedes collected in 1925-1927. Discovery Reports 2, 223-260.
335. Norton, T.A. 1976. Why is Sargassum muticum so invasive? British Phycological Journal 11, 197-198.
336. Norton, T.A. & Benson, M.R. 1983. Ecological interactions between the brown seaweed Sargassum muticum and its associated fauna. Marine Biology 75, 169-177.
337. Norton, T.A. & Mathieson, A.C. 1983. The biology of unattached seaweeds. In Progress in Phycological Research, F.E. Round & D.J. Chapman (eds). New York: Elsevier, 333-386.
338. Ockelmann, K.W. & Nielsen, C. 1981. On the biology of the prosobranch Lacuna parva in the Oeresund. Ophelia 20, 1-16.
339. Ó Foighil, D. 1989. Planktotrophic larval development is associated with a restricted geographic range in Lasaea, a genus of brooding, hermaphroditic bivalves. Marine Biology 103, 349-358.
340. Ó Foighil, D. & Eernisse, D.J. 1988. Geographically widespread, non-hybridizing, sympatric strains of the hermaphroditic, brooding clam Lasaea in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 175, 218-229.
341. Ó Foighil, D. & Jozefowicz, C.J. 1999. Amphi-Atlantic phylogeography of direct-developing lineages of Lasaea, a genus of brooding bivalves. Marine Biology 135, 115-122.
342. Ó Foighil, D., Marshall, B.A., Hilbish, T.J. & Pino, M.A. 1999. Trans-Pacific range extension by rafting is inferred for the flat oyster Ostrea chilensis. Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 196, 122-126.
343. O'Hara, T. 1998. Origin of Macquarie Island echinoderms. Polar Biology 20, 143-151.
344. Ojeda, F.P. & Santelices, B. 1984. Invertebrate communities in holdfasts of the kelp Macrocystis pyrifera from southern Chile. Marine Ecology Progress Series 16, 65-73.
345. Olafsson, E., Ingolfsson, A. & Steinarsdottir, M.B. 2001. Harpacticoid copepod communities of floating seaweed: controlling factors and implications for dispersal. Hydrobiologia 453, 189-200.
346. Oliveira, E., Ugadim, Y. & Paula, E. 1979. Associated epibiota on Sargassum floating on the waters of the Brazilian current - biogeographical remarks. Boletim do Botanica, Universidade de Sao Paulo 7, 5-9.
347. Olsson, M. & Madsen, T. 1998. Sexual selection and sperm competition in reptiles. In Sperm Competition and Sexual Selection, T.R. Birkhead & A.P. Moller (eds). San Diego: Academic Press, 503-577.
348. Orrell, K.S. & Jenssen, T.A. 2002. Male mate choice by the lizard Anolis carolinensis: a preference for novel females. Animal Behaviour 63, 1091-1102.
349. Orth, R.J., Luckenbach, M. & Moore, K.A. 1994. Seed dispersal in a marine macrophyte: implications for colonization and restoration. Ecology 75, 1927-1939.
350. Ottaway, J.R. & Kirby, G.C. 1975. Genetic relationships between brooding and brooded Actinia tenebrosa. Nature 255, 221-223
351. Page, T.J. 2001. A molecular systematic investigation of the Limatula ovalis/pygmaea species complex (Bivalvia: Limidae) in the Southern Ocean. M.Sc. Thesis, Imperial College, University of London.
352. Page, T.J. & Linse, K. 2002. More evidence of speciation and dispersal across the Antarctic Polar Front through molecular systematics of Southern Ocean Limatula (Bivalvia: Limidae). Polar Biology 25, 818-826.
353. Palmer, A.R. & Strathmann, R.R. 1981. Scale of dispersal in vaying environments and its implications for life histories of marine invertebrates. Oecologia 48, 308-318.
354. Palmer, M.A. 1988. Dispersal of marine meiofauna: a review and conceptual model explaining passive transport and active emergence with implications for recruitment. Marine Ecology Progress Series 48, 81-91.
355. Palumbi, S.R. 2003. Population genetics, demographic connectivity, and the design of marine reserves. Ecological Applications 13, 159-169.
356. Parker, T. & Tunnicliffe, V. 1994. Dispersal strategies of the biota on an oceanic seamount - implications for ecology and biogeography. Biological Bulletin 187, 336-345.
357. Parr, A.E. 1939. Quantitative observations on the pelagic Sargassum vegetation of the western North Atlantic. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection 6, 1-94.
358. Patel, B. 1959. The influence of temperature on the reproduction and moulting of Lepas anatifera L. under laboratory conditions. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 38, 589-597.
359. Pavia, H., Carr, H. & Aberg, P. 1999. Habitat and feeding preferences of crustacean mesoherbivores inhabiting the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jol. and its epiphytic macroalgae. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 236, 15-32.
360. Peck, S.B. 1994. Diversity and zoogeography of the non-oceanic Crustacea of the Galapagos-Islands, Ecuador (Excluding Terrestrial Isopoda). Canadian Journal of Zoology-Revue Canadienne de Zoologie 72, 54-69.
361. Pethon, P. 1970. Two species of isopoda new to Norway. Rhizocrinus 1, 1-4.
362. Phillips, R.C. 1963. Ecology of floating algal communities in Florida. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Science 26, 329-334.
363. Pole, M. 1994. The New Zealand flora - entirely long-distance dispersal. Journal of Biogeography 21, 625-635.
364. Polunin, N. 1955. Long-distance plant dispersal in the north polar regions. Nature 176, 22-24.
365. Prasannarai, K. & Sridhar, K.R. 1997. Effect of incubation period of driftwood on the occurrence of marine fungi. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences 26, 380-382.
366. Prescott, J.H. 1959. Rafting of jack rabbit on kelp. Journal of Mammalogy 18, 40, 443-444.
367. Prins, T.C., Smaal, A.C. & Dame, R.F. 1998. A review of the feedbacks between bivalve grazing and ecosystem processes. Aquatic Ecology 31, 346-359.
368. Pugh, P.J.A. 2004. Biogeography of spiders (Araneae: Arachnida) on the islands of the Southern Ocean. Journal of Natural History 38, 1461-1487.
369. Pugh, P.J.A., Dartnall, H.J.G. & McInnes, S.J. 2002. The non-marine Crustacea of Antarctica and the islands of the Southern Ocean: biodiversity and biogeography. Journal of Natural History 36, 1047-1103.
370. Pugh, P.J.A. & Scott, B. 2002. Biodiversity and biogeography of non-marine Mollusca on the islands of the Southern Ocean. Journal of Natural History 36, 927-952.
371. Raxworthy, C.J., Forstner, M.R. & Nussbaum, R.A. 2002. Chameleon radiation by oceanic dispersal. Nature 415, 784-787.
372. Reed, D.C., Amsler, C.D. & Ebeling, A.W. 1992. Dispersal in kelps: factors affecting spore swimming and competency. Ecology 73, 1577-1585.
373. Reed, D.C., Laur, D.R. & Ebeling, A.W. 1988. Variation in algal dispersal and recruitment: the importance of episodic events. Ecological Monographs 58, 321-335.
374. Reeder, T.W., Cole, C.J. & Dessauer, H.C. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships of whiptail lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus (Squamata: Teiidae): a test of monophyly, reevaluation of karyotypic evolution, and review of hybrid origins. American Museum Novitates 3365, 1-61.
375. Reid, D.G. 1986. The Littorinid Molluscs of Mangrove Forests in the Indo-Pacific Region: The Genus Littoraria. London: British Museum of Natural History.
376. Reid, D.G. 1999. The genus Littoraria Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the tropical Eastern Pacific. Veliger 42, 21-53.
377. Reid, D.G. 2002. The genus Nodilittorina von Martens, 1897 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the eastern Pacific Ocean, with a discussion of biogeographic provinces of the rocky-shore fauna. Veliger 45, 85-170.
378. Reid, D.G. & Geller, J.B. 1997. A new ovoviviparous species of Tectarius (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) from Niue, South Pacific, with a molecular phylogeny of the genus. Journal of Molluscan Studies 63, 207-233.
379. Reineck, H.-E. 1976. Drift ice action on tidal flats, North Sea. Revue de Géographie de Montreal 30, 197-200.
380. Reusch, T.B.H. 2002. Microsatellites reveal high population connectivity in eelgrass (Zostera marina) in two contrasting coastal areas. Limnology and Oceanography 47, 78-85.
381. Reusch, T.B.H., Stam, W.T. & Olsen, J.L. 1999. Size and estimated age of genets in eelgrass, Zostera marina, assessed with microsatellite markers. Marine Biology 133, 519-525.
382. Reznichenko, O.G. 1981. Multidisciplinary studies of the floating epibolic biochore in the Northwestern oart of the Pacific Ocean. In Epiboly and Biological Corrosion in Aquatic Medium. N. A. Rudyakova (ed.). Moscow: Nauka, 109-126.
383. Ribera, M.A. & Boudouresque, C.F. 1995. Introduced marine plants with special reference to macroalgae: mechanisms and impact. Progress in Phycological Research 11, 187-268.
384. Richards, A.F. 1958. Transpacific distribution of floating pumice from Isla San Benedicto, Mexico. Deep-Sea Research 5, 29-35.
385. Richardson, H. 1905. A monograph on the Isopods of North America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 54, 1-727.
386. Richmond, R.H. 1987. Energetics, competency, and long-distance dispersal of planula larvae of the coral Pocillopora damicornis. Marine Biology 93, 527-533.
387. Rieppel, O. 2002. A case of dispersing chameleons. Nature 415, 744-745.
388. Ritchie, J.S. 1908. On collections of the Cape Verde Islands marine fauna, made by Cyril Grassland, July to September, 1904. The hydroids. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1907, 488-514.
389. Rodríguez, G. & Suárez, H. 2001. Anthropogenic dispersal of decapod Crustaceans in aquatic environments. Interciencia 26, 282-288.
390. Rosewater, J. 1975. An annotated list of the marine mollusks of Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean. Smithsonian Contribution to Zoology 189, 1-41.
391. Rouch, J. 1954. Les Îles flottantes. Archiv für Meteorologie Geophysik und Bioklimatologie Series A, 7, 528-532.
392. Ruckelshaus, M.H. 1996. Estimation of genetic neighborhood parameters from pollen and seed dispersal in the marine angiosperm Zostera marina L. Evolution 50, 856-864.
393. Ruiz, G.M., Fofonoff, P.W., Carlton, J.T., Wonham, M.J. & Hines, A.H. 2000. Invasion of coastal marine communities in North America: apparent patterns, processes, and biases. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 31, 481-531.
394. Russo, C.A.M., Sole-Cava, A.M. & Thorpe, J.P. 1994. Population structure and genetic variation in two tropical sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actinidae) with different reproductive strategies. Marine Biology 119, 267-276.
395. Ryland, J.S. 1974. Observations on some epibionts of gulfweed, Sargassum natans (L.) Meyen. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 14, 17-25.
396. Safran, P. & Omori, M. 1990. Some ecological observations on fishes associated with drifting seaweed off Tohoku coast, Japan. Marine Biology 105, 395-402.
397. Salazar-Vallejo, S.I. 1992. Dos nuevos registres de Anfinomidos (Polychaeta: Amphinomidae) para el Mar Caribe, con notas descriptivas para ambas especies. Caribbean Journal of Science 28, 216-217.
398. Sano, M., Omori, M. & Taniguchi, K. 2003. Predator-prey systems of drifting seaweed communities off the Tohoku coast, northern Japan, as determined by feeding habit analysis of phytal animals. Fisheries Science 69, 260-268.
399. Scheibling, R.E., Hennigar, A.W. & Balch, T. 1999. Destructive grazing, epiphytism, and disease: the dynamics of sea urchin-kelp interactions in Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 56, 2300-2314.
400. Scheltema, R.S. 1977. Dispersal of marine invertebrate organisms: paleobiogeographic and biostratigraphic implications. In Concepts and Methods of Biostratigraphy, E.G. Kauffmann & J.E. Hazel (eds). Stroudsberg, Pennsylvania: Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, 73-108.
401. Scheltema, R.S. 1988. Initial evidence for the transport of teleplanic larvae of benthic invertebrates across the East Pacific barrier. Biological Bulletin (Woods Hole) 174, 145-152.
402. Scheltema, R.S. 1995. The relevance of passive dispersal for the biogeography of Caribbean mollusks. American Malacological Bulletin 11, 99-115.
403. Schiel, D.R. 2004. The structure and replenishment of rocky shore intertidal communities and biogeographic comparisons. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 300, 309-342.
404. Schneider, F.I. & Mann, K.H. 1991. Rapid recovery of fauna following simulated ice-rafting in a Nova Scotia seagrass bed. Marine Ecology Progress Series 78, 57-70.
405. Schrödl, M. 1999a. Hancockia schoeferti, spec. nov., a new dendronotoidean nudibranch species from Central Chile. Spixiana 22, 247-254.
406. Schrödl, M. 1999b. Zoogeographic relationships of the Magellan Nudibranchia (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia), with special reference to species of adjacent regions. Scientia Marina 63 (Suppl. 1), 409-416.
407. Schrödl, M. 2003. Sea Slugs of Southern South America. Hackenheim: ConchBooks.
408. Schubart, C.D., González-Gordillo, J.I., Reyns, N.B., Liu, H.-C. & Cuesta, J.A. 2001. Are Atlantic and Indo-Pacific populations of the rafting crab, Plagusia depressa (Fabricius), distinct? New evidence from larval morphology and mtDNA. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 49, 301-310.
409. Schwamborn, R. & Bonecker, A.C.T. 1996. Seasonal changes in the transport and distribution of meroplankton into a Brazilian estuary with emphasis on the importance of floating mangrove leaves. Arquivos de Biologia e Tecnologia 39, 451-462.
410. Segawa, S., Sawada, T., Higaki, M., Yoshida, T. & Kamura, S. 1961. The floating seaweeds of the sea to the west of Kyushu. Records Oceanographic Works in Japan Special Number 5, 179-186.
411. Segawa, S., Sawada, T., Higaki, M., Yoshida, T., Ohshiro, H. & Hayashida, F. 1962. Some comments on the movement of the floating seaweeds. Records of Oceanographic Works in Japan 6, 153-159.
412. Seidel, D. 2002. Zur Verbreitungsökologie der Flachen Strandschnecke Littorina fabalis im Sylter Wattenmeer. Diploma Thesis, University of Hamburg.
413. Sever, D.M. & Hamlett, W.C. 2002. Female sperm storage. Journal of Experimental Zoology 292, 187-199.
414. Sewell, M.A. 1994. Birth, recruitment and juvenile growth in the intraovarian brooding sea cucumber Leptosynapta clarki. Marine Ecology Progress Series 114, 149-156.
415. Shaffer, J.A., Doty, D.C., Buckley, R.M. & West, I.E. 1995. Crustacean community composition and trophic use of the drift vegetation habitat by juvenile splitnose rockfish Sebastes diploproa. Marine Ecology Progress Series 123, 13-21.
416. Shanks, A.L. 1985. Behavioral basis of internal-wave-induced shoreward transport of megalopae of the crab Pachygrapsus crassipes. Marine Ecology Progress Series 24, 289-295.
417. Shanks, A.L. 2002. Internal tides and the biology of continental shelf waters. In The Oceanography and Ecology of the Nearshore and Bays in Chile. Proceeding of the International Symposium on Linkages and Dynamics of Coastal System: Open Coasts and Embayments, Santiago, Chile 2000, J.C. Castilla & J.L. Largier (eds). Santiago, Chile: Ediciones Universidad Católica de Chile, 3-27.
418. Shanks, A.L., Grantham, B.A. & Carr, M.H. 2003. Propagule dispersal distance and the size and spacing of marine reserves. Ecological Applications 13, 159-169.
419. Shaw, D.G. & Mapes, G.A. 1979. Surface circulation and the distribution of pelagic tar and plastic. Marine Pollution Bulletin 10, 160-162.
420. Shick, J.M., Hoffmann, R.J. & Lamb, A.N. 1979. Asexual reproduction, population structure, and genotype-environment interactions in sea anemones. American Zoologist 19, 699-713.
421. Shirley, T.C. 1974. Planes cyaneus Dana, 1852 (Decapoda, Grapsidae) from Padre Island, Texas: a new record for the Gulf of Mexico and the North Atlantic. Crustaceana 26, 107-108.
422. Shumway, G.A. 1953. Rafted pebbles from the deep ocean off Baja California. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 23, 24-33.
423. Si, A., Alexander, C.G. & Bellwood, O. 2000. Habitat partitioning by two wood-boring invertebrates in a mangrove system in tropical Australia. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80, 1131-1132.
424. Sieburth, J.M. & Conover, J.T. 1965. Sargassum tannin, an antibiotic which retards fouling. Nature 208, 52-53.
425. Sieburth, J.M. & Jensen, A. 1969. Studies on algal substances in the sea. II. The formation of Gelbstoff (humic material) by exudates of Phaeophyta. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 3, 275-289.
426. Siegel, D.A., Kinlan, B.P., Gaylord, B. & Gaines, S.D. 2003. Lagrangian descriptions of marine larval dispersion. Marine Ecology Progress Series 260, 83-96.
427. Simpson, R.D. 1977. The reproduction of some littoral molluscs from Macquarie Island (sub-Antarctic). Marine Biology 44, 125-142.
428. Sinitsyn, V.O. & Reznichenko, O.G. 1981. Fouling of small-sized driftwood in the Western Pacific Ocean. In Ekologiya Massovykh vidov Okeanicheskogo Obrastaniya (Ecology of Common Species of Ocean Fouling) O.G. Reznichenko (ed.). Moscow: Nauka, 18-69.
429. Skarpaas, O. & Stabbetorp, E. 2001. Diaspore ecology of Mertensia maritima: effects of physical treatments and their relative timing on dispersal and germination. Oikos 95, 374-382.
430. Skerman, T.M. 1958. Rates of growth in two species of Lepas (Cirripedia). New Zealand Journal of Science 1, 402-411.
431. Smith, C.M., & Walters, L.J. 1999. Fragmentation as a strategy for Caulerpa species: fates of fragments and implications for management of an invasive weed. Marine Ecology 20, 307-319.
432. Smith, K.L., Burns, K.A. & Carpenter, E.J. 1973. Respiration of the pelagic Sargassum community. Deep-Sea Research Oceanographic Abstracts 20, 213-217.
433. Smith, K.M. 1994. Short-term dynamics of tropical and macroalgal epifauna: patterns and processes in recolonisation of Sargassum fissifolium. Marine Ecology Progress Series 110, 177-185.
434. Smith, S.D.A. & Simpson, R.D. 1995. Effects of the Nella Dan oil spill on the fauna of Durvillaea antarctica holdfasts. Marine Ecology Progress Series 121, 73-89.
435. Smith, W.G. 1968. A neonate Atlantic loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta caretta) captured at sea. Copeia 1968, 880-881.
436. Sokolowsky, A. 1912. Über drei in der Nordsee bei Helgoland gefundene Caprelliden. Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 5, 11-14.
437. Sorg, M.H., Dearborn, J.H., Monahan, E.I., Ryan, H.F., Sweeney, K.G. & David, E. 1997. Forensic taphonomy in marine contexts. In Forensic Taphonomy: The Postmortem Fate of Human Remains, W.D. Haglund & M.H. Sorg (eds). Boca Raton, Florida.: CRC Press, 567-604.
438. Spindler, M. 1980. The pelagic gulf weed Sargassum natans as a habitat for the benthic foraminifera Planorbulina acervalis and Rosalina globularis. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie. Monatshefte 9, 569-580.
439. Spivak, E.D. & Bas, C.C. 1999. First finding of the pelagic crab Planes marinus (Decapoda: Grapsidae) in the southwestern Atlantic. Journal of Crustacean Biology 19, 72-76.
440. Sponer, R. & Roy, M.S. 2002. Phylogeographic analysis of the brooding brittle star Amphipholis squamata (Echinodermata) along the coast of New Zealand reveals high cryptic genetic variation and cryptic dispersal potential. Evolution 56, 1954-1967.
441. Steele, D.H. & Steele, V.J. 1972. The biology of Gammarellus angulosus (Crustacea, Amphipoda) in the Northwestern Atlantic. Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada 29, 1337-1340.
442. Stegenga, H. & Mol, I. 1983. Flora van de Nederlandse zeewieren. Amsterdam: Koninklijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging.
443. Steiner, G. 1915. Freilebende Nematoden von der Küste Sumatras. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung Systematik 38, 223-244.
444. Steinke, T.D. 1986. A preliminary study of buoyancy behaviour in Avicennia marina propagules. South African Journal of Botany 52, 559-565.
445. Steinke, T.D. & Ward, C.J. 2003. Use of plastic drift cards as indicators of possible dispersal of propagules of the mangrove Avicennia marina by ocean currents. African Journal of Marine Science 25, 169-176.
446. Stevens, L.M., Gregory, M.R. & Foster, B.A. 1996. Fouling bryozoans on pelagic and moored plastics from northern New Zealand. In Bryozoans in Space and Time, D.P. Gordon et al. (eds). Wellington: NIWA, 321-340.
447. Stieglitz, T. & Ridd, P.V. 2001. Trapping of mangrove propagules due to density-driven secondary circulation in the Normanby River estuary, NE Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 211, 131-142.
448. St. John, S. 1862. Life in the Forests of the Far East, Vol. 1. London: Smith, Elder & Company.
449. Stoddart, J.A. 1983. Asexual production of planulae in the coral Pocillopora damicornis. Marine Biology 76, 279-284.
450. Stoner, A.W. 1983. Pelagic Sargassum: evidence for a major decrease in biomass. Deep-Sea Research 30, 469-474.
451. Stoner, A.W. & Greening, H.S. 1984. Geographic variation in the macrofaunal associates of pelagic Sargassum and some biogeographic implications. Marine Ecology Progress Series 20, 185-192.
452. Stoner, A.W. & Humphris, S.E. 1985. Abundance and distribution of Halobates micans (Insecta: Gerridae) in the Northwest Atlantic. Deep-Sea Research 32, 733-739.
453. Strathmann, R.R. & Strathmann, M.F. 1982. The relationship between adult size and brooding in marine invertebrates. American Naturalist 119, 91-101.
454. Sundari, R., Vikineswary, S. & Yusoff, M. 1995. Marine fungi on driftwood collected from the sandy beaches of Port Dickson, Malaysia. Journal of Bioscience (Penang) 6, 25-29.
455. Sundari, R., Vikineswary, S., Yusoff, M. & Jones, E.B.G. 1996. Observations on tropical arenicolous marine fungi on driftwood from Malaysia and Singapore. Botanica Marina 39, 327-333.
456. Svavarsson, J. 1979. Ný Panglus (Synidotea bicuspida (Owen)) fundin vid Ísland. Náttúrufraedingurinn 49, 190-193.
457. Svavarsson, J. 1982. Limnoria borealis (Isopoda, Flabellifera) and its commensal, Caecijaera borealis (Isopoda, Asellota), found in Icelandic waters. Sarsia 67, 223-226.
458. Svavarsson, J., Osore, M.K.W. & Ólafsson, E. 2002. Does the wood-borer Sphaeroma terebrans (Crustacea) shape the distribution of the mangrove Rhizophora mucronata. Ambio 31, 574-579.
459. Swearer, S.E., Shima, J.S., Hellberg, M.E., Thorrold, S.R., Jones, G.P., Robertson, D.R., Morgan, S.G., Selkoe, K.A., Ruiz, G.M. & Warner, R.R. 2002. Evidence of self-recruitment in demersal marine populations. Bulletin of Marine Science 70, 251-271.
460. Takeuchi, I. & Hirano, R. 1996. Clinging behaviour of the epifaunal caprellids (Amphipoda) inhabiting the Sargassum zone on the Pacific coast of Japan, with its evolutionary implications. Journal of Crustacean Biology 15, 481-492.
461. Takeuchi, I. & Sawamoto, S. 1998. Distribution of caprellid amphipods (Crustacea) in the western North Pacific based on the CSK International Zooplankton Collection. Plankton Biology and Ecology 45, 225-230.
462. Tanaka, M.O. & Leite, F.P.P. 2003. Spatial scaling in the distribution of macrofauna associated with Sargassum stenophylum (Mertens) Martius: analyses of faunal groups, gammarid life habits, and assemblage structure. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 293, 1-22.
463. Tanigawa, T. 2001. Occurrence of juvenile swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus in drifting seaweeds in Hiuchi-nada, Seto Inland Sea. Bulletin of the Ehime Prefectural Fisheries Experiment Station 9, 25-32.
464. Taylor, R.B. 1998. Short-term dynamics of a seaweed epifaunal assemblage. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 227, 67-82.
465. Taylor, R.B. & Rees, T.A.V. 1998. Excretory products of mobile epifauna as a nitrogen source for seaweeds. Limnology and Oceanography 43, 600-606.
466. Thiel, M. 2003a. Extended parental care in crustaceans - an update. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 76, 205-218.
467. Thiel, M. 2003b. Reproductive biology of Limnoria chilensis: another boring peracarid species with extended parental care. Journal of Natural History 37, 1713-1726.
468. Thiel, M. 2003c. Rafting of benthic macrofauna: important factors determining the temporal succession of the assemblage on detached macroalgae. Hydrobiologia 503, 49-57.
469. Thiel, M., Guerra-García, J.M., Lancellotti, D. & Vásquez, N. 2003. The distribution of littoral caprellids (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Caprellidea) along the Pacific coast of continental Chile. Revista Chilena De Historia Natural 76, 297-312.
470. Thiel, M. & Gutow, L. 2004. The ecology of rafting in the marine environment. I. The floating substrata. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review 42, 181-263.
471. Thiel, M. & Vásquez, J.A. 2000. Are kelp holdfasts islands on the ocean floor? Indication for temporarily closed aggregations of peracarid crustaceans. Hydrobiologia 440, 45-54.
472. Thörner, E. & Ankel, W.E. 1966. Die Entenmuschel Lepas fascicularis in der Nordsee. Natur und Museum 96, 209-220.
473. Thornton, I.W.B. 1997. Krakatau: The Destruction and Reassembly of an Island Ecosystem. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
474. Thulin, G. 1942. Ein neuer mariner Tardigrad. Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets-Samhälles handlingar 2, 1-10.
475. Timmermann, G. 1932. Biogeographische Untersuchungen über die Lebensgemeinschaft des treibenden Golfkrautes. Zeitschrift der Morphologie und Ökolologie der Tiere 25, 288-335.
476. Todd, C.D., Lambert, W.J. & Thorpe, J.P. 1998. The genetic structure of intertidal populations of two species of nudibranch molluscs with planktotrophic and pelagic lecithotrophic larval stages: are pelagic larvae "for" dispersal? Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 228, 1-28.
477. Tsikhon-Lukanina, E.A., Nikolaeva, G.G. & Reznichenko, O.G. 1986. Feeding spectra of oceanic epiboles. Okeanologiya 26, 1006-1009.
478. Tsikhon-Lukanina, E.A., Reznichenko, O.G. & Lukasheva, T.A. 2001b. Feeding and spawning of the barnacle Lepas anatifera (Cirripedia, Lepadidae) on floating substrates in the open northwestern Pacific Ocean. Zoologicheskii Zhumal 80, 650-655.
479. Tsikhon-Lukanina, E.A., Reznichenko, O.G. & Nikolaeva, G.G. 2001a. Ecology of invertebrates on the oceanic floating substrata in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Russian Academy of Sciences. Oceanology 41, 525-530.
480. Tsikhon-Lukanina, E.A., Soldatova, I.N., Kuznetsova, I.A. & Il'in, I.N. 1976. Makroepiboly in the Strait of Tunis. Okeanologiya 16, 907-911.
481. Tully, O. & Ó Céidigh, P. 1986a. The ecology of Idotea species (Isopoda) and Gammarus locusta (Amphipoda) on surface driftweed in Galway Bay (West of Ireland). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 66, 931-942.
482. Tully, O. & Ó Ceidigh, P. 1986b. Density variations and population structure of Eurydice inermis and E. truncata (Isopoda: Cirolanidae) in the neuston of Galway Bay (Ireland). Cahiers de Biologie Marine 27, 225-233.
483. Turner, R.D. 1966. A Survey and Illustrated Catalogue of the Teredinidae (Mollusca; Bivalvia). Cambridge: The Museum of Comparative Zoology.
484. Uchida, K. & Shojima, Y. 1958. Studies on the larvae and juveniles of fish accompanying floating algae. I. Research in the vicinity of Tsuyazaki, during Mar. 1957-Mar. 1958. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Science and Fisheries 24, 411-415.
485. Vader, W. 1983. Prehensile pereopods in gammaridean Amphipoda. Sarsia 68, 139-148.
486. Vallentin, R. 1895. Some remarks on the dispersal of marine animals by means of seaweeds. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Zoology, Botany and Geology 16, 418-423.
487. Van der Baan, S.M. & Holthuis, L.B. 1969. On the occurrence of Isopoda in the surface plankton in the North Sea near the lightship "Texel". Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 4, 354-363.
488. Van der Baan, S.M., Holthuis, L.B. & Schrieken, B. 1972. Decapoda and decapod larvae in the surface plankton from the southern North Sea near 'Texel' lightship. Zoologische Bijdragen 13, 75-97.
489. Van Duzer, C. 2004. Floating Islands: A Global Bibliography. Los Altos Hills, California: Cantor Press.
490. Vásquez, J.A. 1993. Effects on the animal community of dislodgment of holdfasts of Macrocystis pyrifera. Pacific Science 47, 180-184.
491. Vermeij, G.J., Palmer, A.R. & Lindberg, D.R. 1990. Range limits and dispersal of mollusks in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Veliger 33, 346-354.
492. Virnstein, R.W. & Curran, M.C. 1986. Colonization of artificial seagrass versus time and distance from source. Marine Ecology Progress Series 29, 279-288.
493. Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, B. & Kohlmeyer, J. 1993. Biogeographic observations on Pacific marine fungi. Mycologia 85, 337-346.
494. Wable, R.A. & Gilbert, A.E. 2002. Detecting and quantifying male sea urchin spawning with time-integrated fertilization assays. Marine Biology 140, 375-382.
495. Wakabara, Y., Tararam, A.S. & Takeda, A.M. 1983. Comparative study of the amphipod fauna living on Sargassum of two Itanhaem shores, Brazil. Journal of Crustacean Biology 3, 602-607.
496. Walters, K. & Bell, S.S. 1986. Diel patterns of active vertical migration in seagrass meiofauna. Marine Ecology Progress Series 34, 95-103.
497. Wares, J.P. 2001. Intraspecific variation and geographic isolation in Idotea balthica (Isopoda: Valvifera). Journal of Crustacean Biology 21, 1007-1013.
498. Wares, J.P. & Cunningham, C.W. 2001. Phylogeography and historical ecology of the North Atlantic intertidal. Evolution 55, 2455-2469.
499. Waters, J.M. & Roy, M.S. 2003. Marine biogeography of southern Australia: phylogeographical structure in a temperate sea star. Journal of Biogeography 30, 1787-1796.
500. Waters, J.M. & Roy, M.S. 2004. Out of Africa: the slow train to Australasia. Systematic Biology 53, 18-24.
501. Watts, P.C., Thorpe, J.P. & Taylor, P.D. 1998. Natural and anthropogenic dispersal mechanisms in the marine environment: a study using cheilostome Bryozoa. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B 353, 453-464.
502. Wehrtmann, I.S. & Dittel, A.I. 1990. Utilization of floating mangrove leaves as a transport mechanism of estuarine organisms, with emphasis on decapod Crustacea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 60, 67-73.
503. Weis, J.S. 1968. Fauna associated with pelagic Sargassum in the Gulf Stream. American Midland Naturalist 80, 554-558.
504. Wheeler, W.M. 1916. Ants carried in a floating log from the Brazilian coast to San Sebastian Island. Psyche 23, 180-183.
505. Wickham, D.E. 1979. The relationship between megalopae of the Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, and hydroid, Velella velella, and its influence on abundance estimates of C. magister megalopae. California Fish and Game 65, 184-186.
506. Wikström, S.A. & Pavia, H. 2004. Chemical settlement inhibition versus post-settlement mortality as an explanation for differential fouling of two congeneric seaweeds. Oecologia 138, 223-230.
507. Wild, C., Huettel, M., Klueter, A., Kremb, S.G., Rasheed, M.Y.M. & Jorgensen, B.B. 2004. Coral mucus functions as an energy carrier and particle trap in the reef ecosystem. Nature 428, 66-70.
508. Wilhelmsen, U. 1999. Rapid colonization of new habitats in the Wadden Sea by the ovoviviparous Littorina saxatilis (Olivi). Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 52, 325-335.
509. Winkworth, R.C., Wagstaff, S., Glenny, D. & Lockhart, P.J. 2002. Plant dispersal N.E.W.S. from New Zealand. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 17, 514-520.
510. Winston, J.E. 1982. Drift plastic - an expanding niche for a marine invertebrate. Marine Pollution Bulletin 13, 348-351.
511. Winston, J.E., Gregory, M.R. & Stevens, L.M. 1997. Encrusters, epibionts, and other biota associated with pelagic plastics: a review of biogeographical, environmental, and conservation issues. In Marine Debris: Sources, Impacts, and Solution, J.M. Coe & D.B. Rogers (eds). New York: Springer, 81-97.
512. Witherington, B.E. 2002. Ecology of neonate loggerhead turtles inhabiting lines of downwelling near a Gulf Stream front. Marine Biology 140, 843-853.
513. Wittmann, O. 1934. Die biogeographischen Beziehungen der Südkontinente. Die antarktischen Beziehungen. Zoogeographica 2, 246-304.
514. Woelkerling, W.J. 1975. On the epibiotic and pelagic Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae, and Rhodophyceae of the Western Sargasso Sea. Rhodora 77, 1-40.
515. Wong, C.S., Green, D.R. & Cretney, W.J. 1974. Quantitative tar and plastic waste distributions in the Pacific Ocean. Nature 247, 30-32.
516. Woodcock, A.E. 1950. Subsurface pelagic Sargassum. Journal of Marine Research 9, 77-92.
517. Worcester, S.E. 1994. Adult rafting versus larval swimming - dispersal and recruitment of a botryllid ascidian on eelgrass. Marine Biology 121, 309-317.
518. Wurl, O. & Obbard, J.P. 2004. A review of pollutants in the sea-surface microlayer (SML): a unique habitat for marine organisms. Marine Pollution Bulletin 48, 1016-1030.
519. Ye, S. & Andrady, A.L. 1991. Fouling of floating plastic debris under Biscayne Bay exposure conditions. Marine Pollution Bulletin 22, 608-613.
520. Yeatman, H.C. 1962. The problem of dispersal of marine littoral copepods in the Atlantic Ocean, including some redescriptions of species. Crustaceana 4, 253-272.
521. Yerbury, J.W. 1919. Seashore diptera. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 12, 141-145.
522. Zaitsev, Y.P. 1970. Marine Neustonology. Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Translations, 1971.
523. Zann, L.P. & Harker, B.M. 1978. Egg production of the barnacles Platylepas ophiophilus Lanchester, Platylepas hexastylos (O. Fabricius), Octolasmis warwickii Gray and Lepas anatifera Linnaeus. Crustaceana 35, 206-213.
524. Zarate-Villafranco, A. & Ortega-García, S. 2000. Spatial and seasonal distribution of the tuna catch on floating objects in the eastern Pacific Ocean during 1992-1993. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 34, 53-72.