Moscow's victory park: A monumental change

History and Memory

Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 5-34

  Schleifman, Nurit ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 26644472158     PISSN: 0935560X     EISSN: 15271994     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/ham.2001.0012     Document Type: Review

References (40)

1. P. V. Sytin, Iz istorii moskovskikh ulits (From the history of Moscow's streets) (Moscow, 1948), 276-77.
2. Maurice Halbwachs, The Collective Memory, trans. Francis J. Ditter, Jr. and Vida Yazdi Ditter (New York, 1980), 130.
3. Muzei pobedy na Poklonnoi gore (The Victory Museum on Poklonnaia gora) (Moscow, n.d).
4. Velikaia Otechestvennaia voina, 1941-1945, Entsiklopediia (The Great Patriotic War, 1941-1945, Encyclopedia) (Moscow, 1980), 442.
5. V. M. Mokienko and T. G. Nikitina, Tolkovyi slovar' iazyka sovdepii (Dictionary of the Soviet official language) (St. Petersburg, 1998), 658.
6. Mikhail Belov, Pobediteli i pobezhdennye (Victors and defeated) (Moscow, 1996), 3 (all translations from Russian are my own).
7. "Postanovlenie TsK KPSS 'O sooruzhenii pamiatnika pobedy v g. Moskve''" (Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union [CC CPSU] "On the construction of a victory monument in the city of Moscow"), 31 May 1957
8. Istoricheskii arkhiv, no. 3 (1995): 88. A considerable selection of the documents concerning the Victory Park were published by Z. D. Vodopiannova, T. D. Domracheva and V. Iu. Afiani (members of the Center for the Preservation of Contemporary Documentation where the originals are kept) in this issue of Istoricheskii arkhiv (Historical archive).
9. N. G. Pavlenko, Byla voina (There was a war) (Moscow, 1994), 208-9.
10. See articles by B. Petrov in Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal, no. 7 (1988);
11. Pavlenko, Byla voina, 209-10.
12. "Pis'mo ministra oborony SSSR marshala G. K. Zhukova" (Letter of USSR Minister of Defense Marshal G. K. Zhukov), 14 June 1955
13. Istoricheskii arkhiv, no. 3 (1995): 85-86.
14. Istoricheskii arkhiv, no. 3 (1995): 106 n. 16.
15. "Zapiska Ministersva kul'tury SSSR" (Memorandum of the USSR Ministry of Culture), 26 June 1963;
16. "Pamiatnik pobedy" (Victory monument), in Velikaia Otechestvennaia voina 1941-1945, 525.
17. "O pamiatnike Pobedy v g. Moskve" (On the victory monument in Moscow), 14 Aug. 1986
18. Istoricheskii arkhiv, no. 3 (1995): 109 n. 84.
19. "Pamiat'" (Memory) was initially a historical and literary society devoted to Russian national culture in contrast to the idea of internationalism. In 1985-1986 it began to emphasize Russian national problems, Russian patriotism and, mainly, Russia's alleged enemies - Zionists and freemasons. From the end of 1986 the society became the Pamiat' Patriotic Association, a change that reflected its transformation into a political group openly professing nationalism and anti-Semitism. See Vera Kaplan and Boris Morozov, "Toward a Multi-Party System, 1985-93," in Nurit Schleifman, ed, Russia at a Crossroads: History, Memory and Political Change, Cummings Center Series (London, 1998), 183.
20. "Zapiska otdelov propagandy i kul'tury TsK KPSS 'Ob otkrytom pis'me gruppy pisatelei v zhurnale 'Nash sovremenik' s soglasiem sekretarei TsK KPSS'" (Memorandum of the propaganda and cultural sections of the CC CPSU "On the open letter of a group of writers in the journal Nash sovremennik with the agreement of the the CC CPSU Secretary"), 25 June 1987
21. Istoricheskii arkhiv, no. 3 (1995): 98.
22. David Thelen, "Memory and American History," Journal of American History 75 (1989): 1127.
23. John R. Gillis, "Memory and Identity: The History of a Relationship," in idem, ed., Commemorations: The Politics of National Identity (Princeton, 1991), 3.
24. V. Iu. Afiani, "Ideologicheskie komissii TsK KPSS (1958-1964 gg.) v mekhanizme upravleniia kul'tury" (The ideological commissions of the CC CPSU in the mechanism of directing culture), in idem et al., eds., Kul'tura i Vlast' ot Stalina do Gorbacheva (Culture and power from Stalin to Gorbachev), volume entitled Ideologicheskie komissii TsK KPSS 1958-1964: Dokumenty. (The ideological commissions of the CC CPSU, 1958-1964: Documents) (Moscow, 1998), 24.
25. "Zhivym boitsam pochet, a pavshim - slava vechnaia" (Honor to the living warriors and eternal glory to the fallen), Pravda, 8 May 1993.
26. "Spasem svoiu stranu - teper' ili nikogda: Obrashchenie patrioticheskoi intelligentsii k narodu" (Let us save our country - now or never: An appeal from the patriotic intelligentsia to the people), Pravda, 30 Sept. 1993.
27. "K vam syny otchizny" (To you sons of the fatherland), Pravda, 1 Oct. 1993.
28. "Blokada izvestnaia i neizvestnaia," Izvestiia, 22 Jan. 1994;
29. see also "Gotovil li general'nyi shtab Krasnoi Armii uprazhdaiushchii udar po Germanii?" (Did the general staff of the Red Army prepare a parting strike against Germany?), Nezavisimaia gazeta, 28 Sept. 1993.
30. Pierre Nora, "Between Memory and History: Les Lieux de Mémoire," Representations, no. 26 (Spring 1989): 9.
31. Halbwachs, The Collective Memory, 25-26.
32. "Boi bez nadezhdy: K 50-letiiu v Varshavskom getto" (Battle without hope: On the 50th anniversary in the Warsaw ghetto), Nezavisimaia gazeta, 16 April 1993.
33. The "common European home" refers to Gorbachev's new economic policy, his attempts to integrate the USSR into the global economy and open it to European cooperation. See Peter J. Stavrakis, "Gorbachev's 'Common European Home' and the Policy of Reform," in Debora Anne Palmieri, ed., The USSR and the World Economy: Challenges for the Global Integration of Soviet Markets under Perestroika (Westport, CT, 1992).
34. "Za povod Stalingrada - ni shagu nazad i nash rubezh" (About Stalingrad - one step away from our border), Rossiiskaia gazeta, 21 Jan. 1993.
35. "Obrashchenie Borisa Eltsina" (Boris Yeltsin's address), Izvestiia, 2 Feb. 1993.
36. "Na Poklonnoi gore sobralos' sem' tysiach chelovek" (Seven thousand people gathered on Poklonnaia gora), Segodnia, 12 May 1993.
37. "Ukaz o prazdnovanii 50-letiia so dnia polnogo osvobozhdeniia Leningrada ot fashistskoi blokady" (Decree on the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the complete liberation of Leningrad from the fascist blockade), Rossiiskaia gazeta, 29 Dec 1993.
38. "Iabloko razdora na Poklonnoi gore" (The apple of discord on Poklonnaia gora), Pravda, 29 Dec. 1993.
39. "Den' pobedy kazhdyi otmetil po-svoemu" (Everyone celebrated Victory Day in his own way), Nezavisimaia gazeta, 11 May 1994.
40. Gillis, "Memory and Identity," 4.