Collective identities, women's power resources, and the making of welfare states

Theory and Society

Volumn 26, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 475-508

  Hobson, Barbara ^a,b   Lindholm, Marika ^a,b  

^a STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 26444610351     PISSN: 03042421     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1006827814138     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. This article has benefited from discussions on both sides of the Atlantic. We are grateful to Shmuel Eisenstadt, Evelyn Huber, Walter Korpi, Diane Sainsbury, John Stephens, Charles Tilly, and Bjorn Wittrock for their comments. We also want to thank Michael Hanagan for his superb editoral work.
2. Numerous publications in which gender appears as a dimension in the analysis of social citizenship include Ruth Lister's "Tracing the contours of women's citizen-ship," Policy and Politics 2/1 (1993): 2-16;
3. Jane Lewis and Ilona Ostner's "Gender and the Evolution of Social Policies," ZES-Arbeitspaper 4 (Bremen: Centre for Social Policy Research, 1994);
4. and Diane Sainsbury's edited volume, Gendering Welfare States (London: Sage, 1994).
5. One could argue that by incorporating the family in the analysis of policy regimes - along with market and state - Gösta Esping-Andersen's The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990) opened up new avenues for a gendered dialogue, in which a range of feminist research challenged the notion of the family as category or unit.
6. See Ann Shola Orloff, "Gender and the Social Rights of Citizenship: The Comparative Analysis of Gender Relations and Welfare States," American Sociological Review 5 (1993): 303-328;
7. Barbara Hobson,"Solo Mothers, Policy Regimes, and the Logics of Gender," in Gendering Welfare States, ed. Diane Sainsbury (London: Sage, 1994), 170-187;
8. and Barbara Hobson, "Frauenbewegung fuer Staatsbuergerechete. Das Beispiel Schweden," Feministische Studien 14/2 (1996): 18-34.
9. This was the main thrust of the AJS symposium on Perspectives on the Welfare State, American Journal of Sociology 99/3 (1993).
10. See: Edwin Amenta, "The State of the Art in Welfare State Research on Social Spending Efforts in Capitalist Democracies since 1960," American Journal of Sociology 99/3 (1993): 750-763;
11. Alexander Hicks and Joya Mishra, "Policital Resources and the Growth of Welfare in Affluent Capitalist Democracies since 1960," American Journal of Sociology 99/3 (1993): 668-710;
12. and Evelyn Huber, Charles Ragin, and John D Stephens, "Social Democracy, Constitutional Structure, and the Welfare State," American Journal of Sociology 99/3 (1993): 711-749.
13. Bryan Turner, "Outline of a Theory of Citizenship," in Dimensions of Radical Democracy: Pluralism, Citizenship, and Community, editor, Chantal Mouffe (London: Verso, 1992);
14. Fiona Williams, "Race/Ethnicity, Class, and Gender in Welfare States: A Framework for Comparative Analysis," Social Politics: International Studies of Gender, State, and Society 2/2 (1995): 127-159.
15. T. H. Marshall, Citizenship and Social Class and Other Essays (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1950).
16. Walter Korpi, "Power Politics and State Autonomy in the Development of Social Citizenship,"American Sociological Review 54 (1989): 309-328;
17. Esping-Anderson, Three Worlds.
18. See also: Walter Korpi, "Contested Citizenship: Social Rights, Class, and Gender," paper presented at the Conference on "Comparative Research on Welfare Reforms," Research Committee 19 of the International Sociological Association (Canberra, Australia, August 1996).
19. Esping-Andersen, Three Worlds, 105-107.
20. Korpi, "Contested Citizenship," introduces gender as a category in the analysis of the development of social citizenship. However, women's agency is not built into the framework: women appear in the model as organizations for collective action with rights, but without power resources.
21. See Hobson, "Frauenbewegung," and Paul Pierson's Dismantling the Welfare State: Reagan, Thatcher and the Politics of Retrenchment (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), which makes a similar argument.
22. Esping-Andersen, Three Worlds, does not ignore historical forces in the making of welfare states, but his is a frozen narrative in which regime types emerge from three conditions: the pattern of working-class political formation; political-coalition building in the transition from a rural economy to a middle-class society; and past reforms that contribute to institutionalization of class preferences and political behavior.