Psychology: National character does not reflect mean personality trait level in 49 cultures

Science

Volumn 310, Issue 5745, 2005, Pages 96-100

  Terracciano, A ^a   Abdel Khalek, A M ^b   Adam N ^c   Adamovova L ^d   Ahn, C K ^e   Ahn, H N ^e   Alansari, B M ^b   Alcalay, L ^f   Allik, J ^g   Angleitner, A ^h   Avia, M D ⁱ   Ayearst, L E ^j   Barbaranelli, C ^k   Beer, A ^l   Borg Cunen, M A ^m   Bratko, D ⁿ   Brunner Sciarra, M ^o   Budzinski, L ^p   Camart, N ^q   Dahourou, D ^r   De Fruyt, F ^s   De Lima, M P ^t   Del Pilar, G E H ^u   Diener, E ^v   Falzon, R ^m   Fernando, K ^w   Fickova E ^d   Fischer, R ^x   Flores Mendoza, C ^y   Ghayur, M A ^z,bl   Gulgoz S ^aa   Hagberg, B ^ab   Halberstadt, J ^w   Halim, M S ^ac   Hrebickova, M ^ad   Humrichouse, J ^l   Jensen, H H ^ae   Jocic, D D ^af   Jonsson F H ^ag   Khoury, B ^ah   Klinkosz, W ^ai   Knezevic G ^aj   Lauri, H A ^m   Leibovich, N ^ak   Martin, T A ^al   Marusic I ⁿ   Mastor, K A ^am   Matsumoto, D ^an   McRorie, M ^ao   Meshcheriakov, B ^ap   Mortensen, E L ^ae   Munyae, M ^aq   Nagy, J ^c   Nakazato, K ^ar   Nansubuga, F ^as   Oishi, S ^at   Ojedokun, A O ^au   Ostendorf, F ^h   Paulhus, D L ^av   Pelevin, S ^ap   Petot, J M ^q   Podobnik, N ^aw   Porrata, J L ^ax   Pramila, V S ^ay   Prentice, C ^ao   Realo, A ^g   Reategui N ^o   Rolland, J P ^q   Rossier, J ^az   Ruch, W ^ba   Rus, V S ^bb   Sanchez Bernardos M L ⁱ   Schmidt, V ^ak   Sciculna Calleja, S ^m   Sekowski, A ^ai   Shakespeare Finch, J ^bc,bm   Shimonaka, Y ^bd   Simonetti, F ^f   Sineshaw, T ^be   Siuta, J ^bf   Smith, P B ^bg   Trapnell, P D ^bh   Trobst, K K ^j   Wang, L ^bi   Yik, M ^bj   Zupancic A ^bk   McCrae, R R ^a   more..

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH   (United States)

^b KUWAIT UNIVERSITY   (Kuwait)

^c Lóránd Eötvös University   (Serbia)

^d INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY   (Slovakia)

^e Pusan National University   (South Korea)

^f PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE CHILE   (Chile)

^g UNIVERSITY OF TARTU   (Estonia)

^h BIELEFELD UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

ⁱ UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID   (Spain)

^j YORK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^k SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^l E11 SSH   (United States)

^m UNIVERSITY OF MALTA   (Malta)

ⁿ UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB   (Croatia)

^o UNIVERSIDAD PERUANA CAYETANO HEREDIA   (Peru)

^p UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^q UNIVERSITÉ PARIS OUEST NANTERRE LA DÉFENSE   (France)

^r UNIVERSITÉ DE OUAGADOUGOU   (Burkina Faso)

^s Department of Psychology ^*  (Serbia)

^t UNIVERSITY OF COIMBRA   (Portugal)

^u UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES   (Philippines)

^v UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

^w UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

^x VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF WELLINGTON   (New Zealand)

^y U Federal de Minas Gerais   (Serbia)

^z AL AKHAWAYN UNIVERSITY   (Morocco)

^aa KOÇ UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^ab LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^ac Atma Jaya Indonesia Catholic University   (Serbia)

^ad INSTITUTE OF MATHEMATICS   (Czech Republic)

^ae UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^af Institute of Psychiatry   (Serbia)

^ag UNIVERSITY OF ICELAND   (Iceland)

^ah AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF BEIRUT   (Lebanon)

^ai JOHN PAUL II CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF LUBLIN   (Poland)

^aj UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE   (Serbia)

^ak UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES   (Argentina)

^al SUSQUEHANNA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^am UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA   (Malaysia)

^an SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^ao QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY BELFAST   (United Kingdom)

^ap DUBNA STATE UNIVERSITY   (Russian Federation)

^aq UNIVERSITY OF BOTSWANA   (Botswana)

^ar IWATE PREFECTURAL UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^as MAKERERE UNIVERSITY   (Uganda)

^at UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

^au UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN   (Nigeria)

^av UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^aw Psychiatric Hospital of Idrija   (Serbia)

^ax UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO   (Puerto Rico)

^ay ANDHRA UNIVERSITY   (India)

^az UNIVERSITY OF LAUSANNE   (Switzerland)

^ba Psychologisches Institut   (Serbia)

^bb UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA   (Slovenia)

^bc QUEENSLAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Australia)

^bd BUNKYO GAKUIN UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^be RAMAPO COLLEGE OF NEW JERSEY   (United States)

^bf JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY   (Poland)

^bg UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX   (United Kingdom)

^bh UNIVERSITY OF WINNIPEG   (Canada)

^bi PEKING UNIVERSITY   (China)

^bj HONG KONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Hong Kong)

^bk Ministry for Health   (Serbia)

^bl SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^bm UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA   (Australia)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

REFLECTION; STEREOCHEMISTRY;

CULTURE; STEREOTYPES;

PSYCHOLOGY COMPUTING;

PSYCHOLOGY;

ARTICLE; CHARACTER; CULTURAL FACTOR; HUMAN; PERSONALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RELIABILITY; SCORING SYSTEM; SELF REPORT; STEREOTYPY; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; ETHNIC GROUP; FEMALE; MALE; PERCEPTION; PERSONALITY TEST; QUESTIONNAIRE; REPRODUCIBILITY; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CHARACTER; CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISON; CULTURE; ETHNIC GROUPS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PERSONALITY; PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT; QUESTIONNAIRES; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SOCIAL PERCEPTION; STEREOTYPING;

EID: 26444438139     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: 10959203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.1117199     Document Type: Article

References (33)

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25. By contrast, distinct cultures within countries showed different profiles. In the UK, the profiles of England and Northern Ireland showed no resemblance (ICC = -0.01). Similarly, in the PRC, the profiles of China and Hong Kong showed no resemblance (ICC = -0.25). There is some resemblance between Czech and Slovakian (ICC = 0.43, P < 0.05), and Serbian and Croatian (ICC = 0.43, P < 0.05) profiles; the separation of those nations is relatively recent.
26. Additionally, we compared NCS scores from the Philippines to ratings made by bicultural raters in an earlier study (20). Because Church and Katigbak used comparative judgments, we created new NCS scores by subtracting Filipino ratings of the typical American from Filipino ratings of the typical Filipino. The correlation of these 30 difference scores with the Church and Katigbak ratings was 0.76, P < 0.001.
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33. R.R.M. receives royalties from the Revised NEO Personality Inventory. This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of NIH, National Institute on Aging. Czech participation was supported by grant 406/01/1507 from the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic and is related to research plan AV AV0Z0250504 of the Institute of Psychology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic S.G.'s participation was supported by the Turkish Academy of Sciences. Burkinabè and French Swiss participation was supported by a grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation to J.R. The data collection in Hong Kong was supported by Research Grants Council Direct Allocation Grants (DAG02/03.HSS14 and DAG03/04.HSS14) awarded to M.Y. Data collection in Malaysia was supported by Univesiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fundamental Research Grant 11JD/015/2003 awarded to KAM. Portions of these data were presented at the 113th Convention of the American Psychological Association, August 2005, Washington, DC. For helpful comments on the manuscript we thank Y. H. Poortinga; for their assistance on this project we thank F. Abal, L. de Almeida, S. Baumann, H. Biggs, D. Bion, A. Butković, C. Y. Carrasquillo, H. W. Carvalho, S. Catty. C.-S. Chan, A. Curbelo, P. Duffill, L. Etcheverry, L. Firpo, J. Gonzalez, A. Gramberg, H. Harrow, H. Imuta, R. Ismail, R. Kamis, S. Kannan, N. Messoulam, F. Molina, M. Montarroyos Calegaro, S. Mosquera, J. C. Munene, V. Najzrova, C. Nathanson, D. Padilla, C. N. Scollon, S. B. Sigurdardottir, A. da Silva Bez, M. Takayama, T. W. Teasdale, L. N. Van Heugten, F. Vera, and J. Villamil.