The protective role of ethnic and racial identity and aspects of an africentric orientation against drug use among african american young adults

Journal of Genetic Psychology

Volumn 166, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 329-345

  Brook, Judith S ^a   Pahl, Kerstin ^a  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Africentric orientation; Drug use; Ethnic identity; Racial identity; Risk and protective factors; Young adulthood

Indexed keywords

STREET DRUG;

ADDICTION; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE; ARTICLE; CANNABIS ADDICTION; CULTURAL FACTOR; ETHNOLOGY; FAMILY RELATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; NEGRO; POVERTY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RELIGION; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIAL SUPPORT; UNITED STATES; URBAN POPULATION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFRICAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; AGE FACTORS; CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS; FAMILY RELATIONS; FEMALE; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MARIJUANA ABUSE; NEW YORK CITY; POVERTY; RELIGION AND PSYCHOLOGY; RISK FACTORS; SEX FACTORS; SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SOCIAL VALUES; STREET DRUGS; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; URBAN POPULATION;

EID: 26444433853     PISSN: 00221325     EISSN: 19400896     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3200/GNTP.166.3.329-345     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Azibo, D. A. (1998). The distinction between African personality personologists and other African personality scholars: Implications and entreatment for reconceptualization of racial identity issues. In R. L. Jones (Ed.), African American identity development (pp. 207-215). Hampton, VA: Cobb & Henry.
2. Belgrave, F. Z., Ridley Brome, D., & Hampton, C. (2000). The contribution of Africentric values and racial identity to the prediction of drug knowledge, attitudes, and use among African American youth. Journal of Black Psychology, 26, 386-401.
3. Brook, J. S., Balka, E. B., Brook, D. W., Win, P. T., & Gursen, M. D. (1998). Drug use among African Americans: Ethnic identity as a protective factor. Psychological Reports, 83, 1427-1446.
4. Brook, J. S., Brook, D. W., Gordon, A. S., Whiteman, M., & Cohen, P. (1990). The psychosocial etiology of adolescent drug use: A family interactional approach. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 116, 111-267.
5. Brook, J. S., Cohen, P., & Brook, D. W. (1998). Longitudinal study of co-occurring psychiatric disorders and substance use. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, 322-330.
6. Brook, J. S., Whiteman, M., Balka, E. B., Win, P. E., & Gursen, M. D. (1997). African American and Puerto Rican drug use: A longitudinal study. Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 1260-1268.
7. Brook, J. S., Whiteman, M., Balka, E. B., Win, P. E., & Gursen, M. D. (1998). Drug use among Puerto Ricans: Ethnic identity as a protective factor. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 20, 241-254.
8. Bulcroft, R. A., Carmody, D. C., & Bulcroft, K. A. (1996). Patterns of parental independence giving to adolescents: Variations by race, age, and gender of child. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, 866-883.
9. Burlew, A. K., Bellow, S., & Lovett, M. (2000). Racial identity measures: A review and classification system. In R. H. Dana (Ed.), Handbook of cross-cultural and multicultural personality assessment. Personality and clinical psychology series (pp. 173-196). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
10. Castro, F. G., Maddahian, E., Newcomb, M. D., & Bentler, P. M. (1987). A multivariate model of the determinants of cigarette smoking among adolescents. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 28, 273-289.
11. Cheung, Y. W. (1993). Approaches to ethnicity: Clearing roadblocks in the study of ethnicity and substance use. International Journal of the Addictions, 28, 1209-1226.
12. Crocker, J., Luhtanen, R., Blaine, B., & Broadnax, S. (1994). Collective self-esteem and psychological well-being among White, Black, and Asian college students. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 503-513.
13. Cross, W. E. (1991). Shades of Black: Diversity in African American identity. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
14. Derogatis, L. R. (1983). Symptom Checklist 90-Revised: Administration, Scoring, and Procedures Manual-II. Towson, MD: Clinical Psychometric Research.
15. Donovan, J. E. (1996). Problem-behavior theory and the explanation of adolescent marijuana use. Journal of Drug Issues, 26, 379-404.
16. Félix-Ortiz, M., Villatoro Velázquez, J. A., Medina-Mora, M. E., & Newcomb, M. D. (2001). Adolescent drug use in Mexico and among Mexican American adolescents in the United States: Environmental influences and individual characteristics. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 7, 27-46.
17. Garnier, H. E., & Stein, J. A. (1998). Values and the family: Risk and protective factors for adolescent problem behavior. Youth and Society, 30, 89-120.
18. Glantz, M. D., Weinberg, N. Z., Miner, L. L., & Colliver, J. D. (1999). The etiology of drug abuse: Mapping the paths. In M. D. Glantz & C. R. Hartel (Eds.), Drug abuse, origins, and interventions. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
19. Gold, M. (1966). Undetected delinquent behavior. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 3, 27-46.
20. Goodstein, R., & Ponterotto, J. P. (1997). Racial and ethnic identity: Their relationship and their contribution to self-esteem. Journal of Black Psychology, 23, 275-292.
21. Grills, C., & Longshore, D. (1996). Africentrism: Psychometric analyses of a self-report measure. Journal of Black Psychology, 22, 86-106.
22. Hawkins, J. D., Catalano, R. F., & Miller, J. Y. (1992). Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: Implications for substance abuse prevention. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 64-105.
23. Helms, J. E. (1993). An overview of Black ethnic racial identity. In J. E. Helms (Ed.), Black and White racial identity: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 9-32). Westport, CT: Praeger.
24. Hoppe, S. & Heller, P. (1975). Alienation, familism, and the utilization of health services by Mexican Americans. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 16, 516-520.
25. Hughes, M., & Demo, D. H. (1989). Self-perceptions of Black Americans: Self-esteem and personal efficacy. American Journal of Sociology, 95, 132-159.
26. Jackson, D. N. (1974). Personality research form. Goshen, NY: Research Psychologists Press.
27. Jessor, R., Graves, T. D., Hanson, R. C., & Jessor, S. L. (1968). Society, personality, and deviant behavior: A study of a tri-ethnic community. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
28. Johnston, J. D., Bachman, J. G., & O'Malley, P. M. (1987). Monitoring the future study, 1986. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Survey Research Center.
29. Johnston, J. D., O'Malley, P. M., & Bachman, J. G. (1995). National survey results on drug use from the Monitoring the Future Study, 1975-1994: Vol. 1. Secondary school students. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse.
30. Kandel, D. B. (1975). Stages in adolescent involvement in drug use. Science, 190, 912-914.
31. Kandel, D. B., Yamaguchi, K., & Chen, K. (1992). Stages of progression in drug involvement from adolescence to adulthood: Further evidence for the gateway theory. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 53, 447-457.
32. McClelland, G. H., & Judd, C. M. (1993). Statistical difficulties in detecting interactions and moderator effects. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 376-390.
33. Morris, E. F. (2001). Clinical practices with African American juxtaposition of standard clinical practices and Africentricism. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 32, 563-572.
34. Newcomb, M. D. (1995). Drug use etiology among ethnic minority adolescents: Risk and protective factors. In G. J. Botvin, S. Schinke, & M. A. Orlandi (Eds.), Drug abuse prevention with multiethnic youth (pp. 105-129). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
35. Nobles, W. W. (1991). Extended self: Rethinking the so-called Negro self-concept. In R. L. Jones (Ed.), Black psychology (3rd ed., 295-304). Berkeley, CA: Cobb & Henry.
36. Pandina, R. J., Johnson, V., & Labouvie, E. W. (1992). Affectivity: A central mechanism in the development of drug dependence. In M. D. Glantz & R. W. Pickens (Eds.), Vulnerability to drug abuse (pp.179-209). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
37. Phinney, J. S. (1990). Ethnic identity in adolescents and adults: Review of research. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 499-514.
38. Phinney, J. S. (1992). The multigroup ethnic identity measure: A new scale for use with diverse groups. Journal of Adolescent Research, 7, 156-176.
39. Phinney, J. S., & Kohatsu, E. L. (1997). Ethnic and racial identity development and mental health. In J. Schulenberg, J. L. Maggs, & K. Hurrelmann (Eds.), Health risks and developmental transitions during adolescence (pp. 420-443). New York: Cambridge University Press.
40. Randolph, S. M., & Banks, D. H. (1993). Making a way out of no way: The promise of Africentric approaches to HIV prevention. Journal of Black Psychology, 19, 204-214.
41. Rodriguez, C. (1989). Puerto Ricans born in the USA. Boston: Unwin Hyman.
42. Rogler, L. H., & Cooney, R. S. (1984). Puerto Rican families in New York City: Intergenerational processes. Maplewood, NJ: Waterfront Press.
43. Rowley, S. J., Sellers, R. M., Chavous, T. M., & Smith, M. A. (1998). The relationship between racial identity and self-esteem in African American college and high school students. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 715-724.
44. Rutter, M. (1985). Resilience in the face of adversity: Protective factors and resistance to psychiatric disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 598-611.
45. Scheier, L. M., Botvin, G. J., Diaz, T., & Ifill-Williams, M. (1997). Ethnic identity as a moderator of psychosocial risk and adolescent alcohol and marijuana use: Concurrent and longitudinal analyses. Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse, 6, 21-47.
46. Scott-Jones, D., & Nelson-LeGall, S. (1986). Defining Black families: Past and present. In E. Seidman & J. Rappaport (Eds.), Redefining social problems (pp. 83-100). New York: Plenum.
47. Semaj, L. T. (1985). Afrikanity, cognition, and extended self-identity. In M. B. Spencer, G. K. Brokins, & W. R. Allen (Eds.), Beginnings: The social and affective development of Black children (pp. 185-200). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
48. Smith, G. M., & Fogg, C. P. (1979). Psychological antecedents of teenage drug use. In R. Simmons (Ed.), Research in community and mental health: An annual compilation of research, Vol. 1 (pp. 87-102). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
49. Stack, C. B. (1974). All our kin: Strategies for survival in a Black community. New York: Harper & Row.
50. Thomas, D. E., Townsend, T. G., & Belgrave, F. Z. (2003). The influence of cultural and racial identification on the psychosocial adjustment of inner-city African American children in school. American Journal of Community Psychology, 32, 217-228.
51. Townsend, T. G., & Belgrave, F. Z. (2000). The impact of personal identity and racial identity on drug attitudes and use among African American children. Journal of Black Psychology, 26, 421-436.
52. Vega, W. A., Gil, A. G., Warheit, G. J., Zimmerman, R. S., & Apospori, E. (1993). Acculturation and delinquent behavior among Cuban American adolescents: Toward an empirical model. American Journal of Community Psychology, 21, 113-125.
53. Vega, W. A., Zimmerman, R. S., Warheit, G. J., Apospori, E., & Gil, A. G. (1993). Risk factors for early adolescent drug use in four ethnic and racial groups. American Journal of Public Health, 83, 185-189.
54. Wallace, J. M., & Muroff, J. R. (2002). Preventing substance abuse among African American children and youth: Race differences in risk factor exposure and vulnerability. Journal of Primary Prevention, 22, 235-261.
55. Watts, W. D., & Wright, L. S. (1990). The drug use-violent delinquency link among adolescent Mexican Americans. In M. De La Rosa, E. Y. Lambert, & B. Gropper (Eds.), Drugs and violence: Causes, correlates, and consequences (NIDA Research Monongraph 103, DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1721; pp. 136-160). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.