Influences of cognitive support on episodic remembering: Tracing the process of loss from normal aging to Alzheimer's disease

Psychology and Aging

Volumn 13, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 267-276

  Bäckman, Lars ^a,b,c   Small, Brent J ^b,c,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

^b STOCKHOLM GERONTOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER   (Sweden)

^c KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; AGING; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEMORY; TASK PERFORMANCE;

AGED; AGING; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; CONCEPT FORMATION; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; CUES; DISEASE PROGRESSION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MEMORY; MEMORY DISORDERS; MENTAL RECALL; POPULATION SURVEILLANCE; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SEMANTICS; SWEDEN; VERBAL LEARNING;

EID: 2642708404     PISSN: 08827974     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0882-7974.13.2.267     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Albert, M. S., Jones, K., Savage, C. R., Berkman. L. Seeman, T., Blazer, D., & Rowe, J. (1995). Predictors of cognitive change in older persons: MacArthur studies of successful aging. Psychology and Aging, 10, 578-579.
2. American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
3. Bäckman, L. (Ed.). (1992). Memory functioning in dementia. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
4. Bäckman, L. (1994). Memory function in Alzheimer's disease. Annals of Psychiatry, 4, 57-68.
5. Bäckman, L., & Forsell, Y. (1994). Episodic memory functioning in a community-based sample of old adults with major depression: Utilization of cognitive support. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 361-370.
6. Bäckman, L., & Herlitz, A. (1990). The relationship between prior knowledge and face recognition memory in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 45, 94-100.
7. Bäckman, L., & Herlitz, A. (1996). Knowledge and memory in Alzheimer's disease: A relationship that exists. In R. G. Morris (Ed.). The cognitive neuropsychology of Alzheimer's disease (pp. 89-104). Oxford. England: Oxford University Press.
8. Bäckman. L., Hill, R D., & Forsell, Y. (1996). The influence of depressive symptomatology on episodic memory functioning among clinically nondepressed older adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 97-105.
9. Bäckman, L., Mäntylä, T. & Herlitz, A. (1990). The optimization of episodic remembering in old age. In P. B. Baltes & M. M. Baltes (Eds.). Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences (pp. 118-163). Cambridge. England: Cambridge University Press.
10. Bäckman, L., & Wahlin, Å. (1995). Influences of item organizability and semantic retrieval cues on word recall in very old age. Aging and Cognition, 2, 112-325.
11. Baltes, M. M., Kuhl, K. P., Gutzmann, H., & Sowarka, D. (1995). Potential of cognitive plasticity as a diagnostic instrument: A cross-validation and extension. Psychology and Aging, 10, 167-172.
12. Baltes, M. M., Kuhl, K. P., & Sowarka, D. (1992). Testing for limits of cognitive reserve capacity: A promising strategy for early diagnosis of dementia? Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 47, P165-P167.
13. Bird, M., & Kinsella, G. (1996). Long-term cued recall in senile dementia. Psychology and Aging, 11, 45-56.
14. Bird, M., & Luszcz, M. (1991). Encoding specificity, depth of processing, and cued recall in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 13, 508-520.
15. Bird, M., & Luszcz, M. (1993). Enhancing memory performance in Alzheimer's disease: Acquisition assistance and cue effectiveness. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 15, 921-932.
16. Braak, H., & Braak, E. (1991). Neuropathological staging of Alzheimer-related changes. Acta Neuropathologica, 82, 239-259.
17. Braak, H., & Braak, E. (1995). Staging of Alzheimer's disease-related neurofibrillary tangles. Neurobiology of Aging, 16, 271-284.
18. Braak, H., Braak, E., & Bohl, J. (1993). Staging of Alzheimer-related cortical destruction. European Neurology, 33, 403-408.
19. Butters, N., Albert, M. S., Sax, D. S., Miliotis, P., Nagode, J., & Sterste, A. (1983). The effect of verbal mediators on the pictorial memory of brain-damaged patients. Neuropsychologia, 21, 307-323.
20. Chertkow, H., & Bub, D. (1990). Semantic memory loss in dementia of Alzheimer's type: What do various measures measure? Brain, 113, 397-417.
21. Craik, F. I. M., Byrd, M., & Swanson, J. M. (1987). Patterns of memory loss in three elderly samples. Psychology and Aging, 2, 79-86.
22. Craik, F. I. M., & Jennings, J. M. (1992). Human memory. In F. I. M. Craik & T. A. Salthouse (Eds.). The handbook of cognitive aging (pp. 51-110). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
23. Davis, P. E., & Mumford, S. J. (1984). Cued recall and the nature of the memory disorder in dementia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 383-386.
24. Deweer, B., Lehericy, S., Pillon, B., Baulac, M., Chiras, J., Marsault, C., Agid, Y., & Dubois, B. (1995). Memory disorders in probable Alzheimer's disease: The role of hippocampal atrophy as shown with MRI. Journal of Neurology. Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 58, 590-597.
25. Diesfeldt, H. F. A. (1984). The importance of encoding instructions and retrieval cues in the assessment of memory in senile dementia. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 3, 51-57.
26. Folstein, M. F. Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). "Mini-mental state": A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189-198.
27. Fox, N. C., Warrington, E. K., Freeborough, P. A., Hartikainen, P., Kennedy, A. M., Stevens, J. S., & Rossor, M. N. (1996). Presymptomatic hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease: A longitudinal MRI study. Brain, 119, 2001-2007.
28. Fratiglioni, L., Grut, M., Forsell, Y., Viitanen, M., Grafström, M., Holḿn, K., Eriesson, K., Bäckman, L., Ahlbom, A., & Winblad, B. (1991). Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in an urban population: Relationship with sex and education. Neurology, 41, 1886-1892.
29. Fratiglioni, L., Grut, M., Forsell, Y., Viitanen, M., & Winblad, B. (1992). Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in a population survey: Agreement and causes of disagreement in applying DSM-III-R criteria. Archives of Neurology, 49, 927-932.
30. Fratiglioni, L., Viitanen, M., von Strauss, E., Tontadonati, V., Herlitz, A., & Winblad, B. (1997). Very old women at highest risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: Incidence data from the Kungsholmen project. Stockholm. Neurology, 48, 132-138.
31. Golomb, J., Kluger, A., de Leon, M. J., Ferris, S. E., Mittelman, M., Cohen, J., & George, A. E. (1996). Hippocampal formation size predicts declining memory performance in normal aging. Archives of Neurology, 47, 810- 813.
32. Grady, C. L., McIntosh, A. R., Horwitz, B., Maisog, J. M., Ungerleider, L. G., Mentis, M. J., Pietrini, P., Schapiro, MB., & Haxby, J. V. (1995, July). Age-related reductions in human recognition memory due to impaired encoding. Science, 269, 218-221.
33. Grober, E., Buschke, H., Crystal, H., Bang, S., & Dresner, R. (1988). Screening for dementia by memory testing. Neurology, 38, 900-903.
34. Hartman, M. (1991). The use of semantic knowledge in Alzheimer's disease: Evidence for impairments in attention. Neuropsychologia, 29, 213-228.
35. Herlitz, A., Adolfsson, R., Bäckman, L., & Nilsson, L.-G. (1991). Cue utilization following different forms of encoding in mildly, moderately, and severely demented patients with Alzheimer's disease. Brain and Cognition, 15, 119-130.
36. Herlitz, A., Hill, R. D., Fratiglioni, L., & Bäckman, L. (1995). Episodic memory and visuospatial ability in detecting and staging dementia in a community-based sample of very old adults. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Science, 50A, M107-M113.
37. Herlitz, A., Lipinska, B., & Bäckman, L. (1992). Utilization of cognitive support for episodic remembering in Alzheimer's disease. In L. Bäckman (Ed.). Memory functioning in dementia (pp. 73 -96). Amsterdam: North-Holland.
38. Herlitz, A., Small, B. J., Fratiglioni, L., Almkvist, O., Viitanen, M., & Bäckman, L. (1997). Detection of dementia in community surveys: Is it possible to increase the accuracy of our diagnostic instruments? Archives of Neurology, 54, 319-324.
39. Herlitz, A., & Viitanen, M. (1991). Semantic organization and verbal episodic memory in patients with mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 13, 559-574.
40. Hill, R. D., Wahlin, A., Winblad, B., & Bäckman, L. (1995). The role of demographic and life style variables in utilizing cognitive support for episodic remembering among very old adults. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 50B, P219-P227.
41. Hodges, J. R., Salmon, D. P., & Butters, N. (1992). Semantic memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease: Failure of access or degraded knowledge. Neuropsychologia, 30, 301-314.
42. Howieson, D. B., Dame, A., Camicioli, R., Sexton, G., Payami, H., &Kaye, J. A. (1997). Cognitive markers preceding Alzheimer's dementia in the healthy oldest old. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 45, 584-589.
43. Jacobs, D. M., Sano, M., Dooneif, G., Marder, K., Bell, K. L., & Stern, Y. (1995). Neuropsychological detection and characterization of preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 25, 317-324.
44. Katz, S., Ford A., Moskowitz, R. W., Jackson, B. A., & Jaffee, M. W. (1963). The index of ADL: A standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. Journal of the American Medical Association, 185, 914-919.
45. Killiany, R. J., Moss, M. B., Albert, M. S., Sandor, T., Tieman, J., & Jolesz, F. (1993). Temporal lobe regions on magnetic resonance imaging identity patients with early Alzheimer's disease. Archives of Neurology, 50, 949-954.
46. Laakso, M. P., Soininen, H., Partanen, K., Helkala, E. L., Hartikainen, P., Vainio, P., Hallikainen, M., Hänninen, T., & Riekkinen, P. J., Sr. (1995). Volumes of hippocampus, amygdala, and frontal lobes in the MRI-based diagnosis of early Alzheimer's disease: Correlation with memory functions. Journal of Neural Transmission: Parkinson's Disease and Dementia Section, 9, 73-86.
47. Lehericy, S., Baulac, M., Chiras, J., Pierot, L., Martin, N., Pillon, B., Deweer, B., Dubois, B., & Marsault, C. (1994). Amygdalaohippo-campal MR volume measurements in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 15, 927-937.
48. Linn, R. T., Wolf, P. A., Bachman, D. L., Knoefel, J. E., Cobb, J. L., Belanger, A. J., Kaplan, E. F., & D'Agostino, R. B. (1995). The "preclinical phase" of probable Alzheimer's disease. Archives of Neurology, 52, 485-490.
49. Lipinska, B., & Bäckman, L. (1997). Encoding-retrieval interactions in mild Alzheimer's disease: The role of access to categorical information. Brain and Cognition, 34, 274-286.
50. Lipinska, B., Bäckman, L., & Herlitz, A. (1992). When Greta Garbo is easier to remember than Stefan Edberg: Influences of prior knowledge on recognition memory in Alzheimer's disease. Psychology and Aging, 7, 214-220.
51. Martin, A., Brouwers, P., Cox, C., & Fedio, P. (1985). On the nature of the verbal memory deficit in Alzheimer's disease. Brain and Language, 25, 123-132.
52. Masur, D. M., Sliwinski, M., Lipton, R. B., Blau, A. D., & Crystal, H. A. (1994). Neuropsychological prediction of dementia and the absence of dementia in healthy elderly persons. Neurology, 44, 1427-1432.
53. Mitchell, D. B., Hunt, R. R., & Schmitt, F. A. (1986). The generation effect and reality monitoring: Evidence from dementia and normal aging. Journal of Gerontology, 41, 79-84.
54. Molander, B. (1984). Imagery, visual and tactual dimensions of imagery, and meaningfulness: Swedish norms for 854 nouns (Tech. Rep. No. 178). Umeå, Sweden: University of Umeå. Department of Psychology.
55. Morris, R. G. (Ed.). (1996). The cognitive neuropsychology of Alzheimer's disease. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
56. Nebes, R. D. (1989). Semantic memory in Alzheimer's disease. Psychological Bulletin, 106, 377-394.
57. Nebes, R. D. (1992). Cognitive dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease. In F. I. M. Craik & T. A. Salthouse (Eds.). Handbook of aging and cognition (pp. 373-446). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
58. Nilsson, L.-G. (1973). Category norms for verbal material (Uppsala Psychological Reports No. 135). Uppsala. Sweden: University of Uppsala, Department of Psychology.
59. Rissenberg, M., & Glanzer, M. (1986). Picture superiority in free recall: The effects of normal aging and primary degenerative dementia. Journal of Gerontology, 41, 64-71.
60. Simon, E., Leach, L., Winocur, G., & Moscovitch, M. (1995). Intact primary memory in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: Indices from the California Verbal Learning Test. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 16, 414-422.
61. Small, B. J., Herlitz, A., Fratiglioni, L., Almkvist, O., & Bäckman, L. (1997). Cognitive predictors of incident Alzheimer's disease: A prospective longitudinal study. Neuropsychology, 11, 413-420.
62. Spinnler, H., Della Sala, S., Bandera, R., & Baddeley, A. D. (1988). Dementia, aging, and the structure of human memory. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 5, 193-211.
63. Squire, L. R. (1986). Mechanisms of memory. Science, 232, 1612-1619.
64. Strauss, M. W., Weingartner, H., & Thompson, K. (1985). Remembering words and how often they occurred in memory-impaired patients. Memory & Cognition, 13, 507-510.
65. Tierney, M. C., Szalai, J. P., Snow, W. G., Fisher, R. H., Nores, A., Nadon, G., Dunn, E., & St. George-Hyslop, P. H. (1996). Prediction of probable Alzheimer's disease in memory-impaired patients: A prospective longitudinal study. Neurology, 46, 661-665.
66. Tulving, E., & Colotla, V. (1970). Free recall of trilingual words. Cognitive Psychology, 1, 86-98.
67. Wahlin, Å., Bäckman, L., Mäntylä, T., Herlitz, A., Viitanen, M., & Winblad, B. (1993). Prior knowledge and face recognition in a community-based sample of healthy, very old adults. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 48, P54-P61.
68. Weingartner, H., Kaye, W., Smallberg, S. A., Ebert, M. H., Gillin, J. C., & Sitaram, N. (1981). Memory failures in progressive idiopathic dementia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 80, 187-196.
69. West, M. J., Coleman, P. D., Flood, D. G., & Troncoso, J. C. (1994). Differences in the pattern of hippocampal neuronal loss in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Lancet, 344, 769-772.
70. Wilson, R S., Bacon, L. D., Fox, J. D., & Kaszniak, A.W. (1983). Primary memory and secondary memory in dementia of the Alzheimer-type. Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 5, 337-344.