Effects of premilitary and military trauma on the development of post- traumatic stress disorder symptoms in female and male active duty soldiers

Military Medicine

Volumn 163, Issue 7, 1998, Pages 466-470

  Stretch, Robert H ^a   Knudson, Kathryn H ^a   Durand, Doris ^a  

^a WALTER REED ARMY INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARMY; ARTICLE; FEMALE; HUMAN; INJURY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MILITARY MEDICINE; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PREVALENCE; QUESTIONNAIRE; SEX DIFFERENCE; SEXUAL ABUSE; SOLDIER; UNITED STATES;

EID: 2642609446     PISSN: 00264075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/milmed/163.7.466     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Ed 4. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1994.
2. Wolfe J, Brown PJ, Kelly JM: Reassessing war stress: exposure and the Persian Gulf. Journal of Social Issues 1993; 49: 15-31.
3. Kulka RA, Schlenger WE, Fairbank JA, Hough R, Jordan BK, Marmar CR, Weiss DS: National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study. Research Triangle Park, NC, Research Triangle Institute, 1988.
4. Stretch RH: Incidence and etiology of posttraumatic stress disorder among active duty Army personnel. J Appl Soc Psychol 1986; 16: 464-81.
5. Stretch RH, Vail JD, Maloney JP: Posttraumatic stress disorder among Army Nurse Corps veterans. J Consult Clin Psychol 1985; 53: 704-8.
6. Engel CC, Engel AL, Campbell SJ, McFall ME, Russo J, Katon W: Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and precombat sexual and physical abuse in Desert Storm veterans. J Nerv Ment Dis 1993; 181: 683-8.
7. Green BL, Grace MC, Lindy JD, Gleser GC, Leonard A: Risk factors for PTSD and other diagnoses in a general sample of Vietnam veterans. Am J Psychiatry 1990; 147: 729-33.
8. Zaidi LY, Foy DW: Childhood abuse experience and combat-related PTSD. J Trauma Stress 1994; 7: 33-42.
9. Kilpatrick DG, Edmunds CN, Seymour AK: Rape in America: A Report to the Nation. Arlington, VA, National Victim Center, 1992.
10. Kilpatrick DG, Saunders BE, Best CL, Von JM: Criminal victimization: lifetime prevalence, reporting to police and psychological impact. Crime and Delinquency 1987; 33: 479-89.
11. Resnick HS, Kilpatrick DH, Danske BS, Saunders BE, Best CL: Prevalence of civilian trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in a representative national sample of women. J Consult Clin Psychol 1993; 61: 984-91.
12. Heizer JE, Robins LN, McEvoy L: Post-traumatic stress disorder in the general population. N Engl J Med 1987; 317: 1630-4.
13. Kilpatrick DG, Saunders BE, Amick-McMullan A, Best CL, Veronen LJ, Resnick HS: Victim and crime factors associated with the development of crime-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Behav Ther 1989; 20: 199-214.
14. Breslau NB, Davis GC: Post-traumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults: risk factors for chronicity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 149: 671-5.
15. Fitzpatrick KM, Boldizar JP: The prevalence and consequences of exposure to violence among African-American youth. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1992; 32: 424-30.
16. Kilpatrick DG, Resnick HS, Saunders BE, Best CL: The National Women's Study PTSD Module. Charlestown, SC, Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 1989.
17. Robins LN, Heizer JE, Croughan J, Ratcliff KS: National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule: its history, characteristics, and validity. J Appl Soc Psychol 1981; 16: 464-81.
18. Kulka RA, Schlenger WE, Fairbank JA, Hough R, Jordan BK, Marmar CR, Weiss DS: Trauma and the Vietnam War Generation. New York, Brunner/Mazel, 1990.
19. Stretch RH, Marlowe DH, Wright KM, Bliese PD, Knudson KH, Hoover CH: Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among Gulf War veterans. Milit Med 1996; 161: 407-10.
20. Rosen L, Martin L: Impact of childhood abuse history on psychological symptoms among male and female soldiers in the U.S. Army. Child Abuse and Neglect 1996; 20: 1149-60.