Criminalized legacies of war: The clandestine political economy of the western Balkans

Problems of Post-Communism

Volumn 51, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 3-9

  Andreas, Peter ^a  

^a BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 2642571971     PISSN: 10758216     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10758216.2004.11052164     Document Type: Review

References (37)

1. Most of the articles in this issue emerged from a workshop held at the Watson Institute for International Studies at Brown University in May 2003. In addition to the article contributors, I thank the other presenters and discussants at the workshop: John Fawcett, Terry Hopmann, John Mueller, Peter Romaniuk, and Clemson Turregano.
2. This includes both sex trafficking to and through the region (see Lindstrom, this issue) and use of the region as a major transit point for migrant smuggling to the European Union. For example, in 2001 the UN Mission in Bosnia reported that the Bosnia route is taken by about 10 percent of the smuggled illegal migrants entering Western Europe. See Borderline: UNMIBH Bulletin on State Border Service Activities 2, no. 2 (March/April 2001): 1.
3. Ian Traynor, "Montenegrin PM Accused of Link with Tobacco Racket," Guardian (July 10, 2003).
4. For example, see Peter Andreas, "The Clandestine Political Economy of War and Peace in Bosnia," International Studies Quarterly 48, no. 1 (March 2004): 29-51. For a regionwide overview, see Marko Hajdinjak, "Smuggling in Southeast Europe: The Yugoslav Wars and the Development of Regional Criminal Networks in the Balkans" (Sofia: Center for the Study of Democracy, 2002), available at unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/ untc/unpan009979.pdf.
5. For example, see Peter Andreas, "The Clandestine Political Economy of War and Peace in Bosnia," International Studies Quarterly 48, no. 1 (March 2004): 29-51. For a regionwide overview, see Marko Hajdinjak, "Smuggling in Southeast Europe: The Yugoslav Wars and the Development of Regional Criminal Networks in the Balkans" (Sofia: Center for the Study of Democracy, 2002), available at unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/ untc/unpan009979.pdf.
6. In Bosnia, for example, many people survive thanks to gifts from relatives abroad and the gray economy. See "Narod živi od darova i sive ekonomije" (Public Lives from Gifts and Gray Economy), Oslobodjenje (Sarajevo) (December 16, 2003), available at www.oslobodjenje.com.ba.
7. As the war-time commander of Bosnia's Green Berets unit has bitterly lamented, "We know that there are people, because we know them personally, who didn't have a pair of decent shoes before the war, and today they have 4-5 million marks and entire buildings in their property. On the other hand, there are people who had a lot before the war, and have nothing today." Interview with Emin Švrakić, Start (Sarajevo) (November 18, 2003), available at www.startbih.info.
8. Mandić was considered untouchable until April 2003, when he was arrested in Belgrade as part of a larger crackdown on organized crime following the assassination of Djindjić. He was released in September 2003.
9. Tamara Skrozza, "Ko je Ko?" (Who Is Who?), Vreme (Belgrade) (February 7, 2002): 26-27; Vildana Selimbegović, "Žetva Posijanog Straha" (Reaping the Sown Fears), DANI (Sarajevo) (May 26, 2000).
10. Tamara Skrozza, "Ko je Ko?" (Who Is Who?), Vreme (Belgrade) (February 7, 2002): 26-27; Vildana Selimbegović, "Žetva Posijanog Straha" (Reaping the Sown Fears), DANI (Sarajevo) (May 26, 2000).
11. See "U.S. Moves against Balkan War Criminal Karadzic's Support Network," U.S. Mission Daily Bulletin (March 10, 2003): 2-3.
12. Blaine Harden, "The Milošević Generation," New York Times Magazine (August 29, 1999).
13. Korupcija i Podmićivanje: Pogled iz Ugla Javnog Mnenja Srbije (Corruption and Bribery: A View from Serbian Public Opinion), Survey report, pt. IV (Mirjana Vasović, "Citizens Moral Position and Accounts of the Social Anomie Condition") (Belgrade: Center for Policy Studies, April 2000), available at www.cpa-cps.org.yu/cpa-cps/cps.
14. Bosnia Peace Operation: Crime and Corruption Threaten Successful Implementation of the Dayton Peace Agreement (Washington, DC: General Accounting Office, 2000), p. 13.
15. Quoted in Munir Alibabić, Bosna u Kandžma KOS-a (Bosnia in the Claws of KOS) (Sarajevo: NIP Behar, 1996), p. 73.
16. Author interview, Sarajevo (July 15, 2002).
17. Senad Pećanin and Vildana Selimbegović, "Abecada Korupcije" (The Corruption Alphabet), DANI (Sarajevo) (August 27, 1999): 16-21.
18. Author interview, Office of the High Representative, Sarajevo (June 12, 2001).
19. Author interview with a senior official in the Bosnian Intelligence Agency, July 15, 2002. See also Emir Hodžić and Adnan Buturović, "Kako su SDA i HDZ Zaštitili (prije) Ratni Kriminal" (How SDA and HDZ Protected (Pre)-War Crimes), Slobodna Bosna (Sarajevo) (June 20, 2002): 5-8.
20. Author interviews, International Crisis Group, Sarajevo, July 5, 2002, and Office of the High Representative, Sarajevo, July 19, 2002.
21. Philip Sherwell, "Guns, Girls, Drugs, Fake Track Suits: It's All Here in the Wildest Market in the World," Sunday Telegraph (London) (November 19, 2000): 35.
22. Jeffrey Smith, "Bosnian Mart Becomes Den of Criminal Enterprise," Washington Post (December 26, 1999): A33.
23. I b i d.
24. Sherwell, "Guns, Girls, Drugs, Fake Track Suits."
25. Smith, "Bosnian Mart Becomes Den of Criminal Enterprise."
26. "Organizovani Kriminal - Država uzvrača udarac" (Organized Crime: The State Strikes Back), Slobodna Bosna (December 12, 2003).
27. Eric Hobswawm, Bandits (New York: New Press, 2000).
28. Boris Drenca and Daniel Sunter, "Serbia: Further Action Against Mafia Demanded," Balkan Crisis Report, no. 432 (May 23, 2003).
29. Eric Jansson and Stefan Wagstyle, "The Cancer of Organized Crime That Riddles Serbia," Financial Times (March 14, 2003).
30. Adam LeBor, "Brussels Fears Serbian Gangsters," Balkan Crisis Report, no. 414 (March 13, 2003).
31. Nicholas Forster and Sead Husić, "Probe into Montenegro's Role in Illegal Cigarette Trade," Financial Times (August 9, 2001).
32. Hajdinjak, "Smuggling in Southeast Europe," pp. 26-27, 41.
33. Dragoljub Vukoviĉ́, "Montenegrin Parallel Budget," AIM (November 13, 1999).
34. Marko Vuković, "Bar Chief of Police Arrested by Italian Police," AIM (April 10, 1998).
35. Forster and Husić, "Probe into Montenegro's Role."
36. Ian Traynor, "Montenegrin PM Accused of Link with Tobacco Racket," Guardian (July 10, 2003).
37. Author interview, United Nations High Commission for Human Rights (Sarajevo office), July 12, 2002.