Regional sex trafficking in the Balkans: Transnational networks in an enlarged Europe

Problems of Post-Communism

Volumn 51, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 45-52

  Lindstrom, Nicole ^a  

^a CENTRAL EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY   (Hungary)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 2642556521     PISSN: 10758216     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10758216.2004.11052168     Document Type: Review

References (35)

1. John Picarelli, Trafficking, Slavery, and Peacekeeping: The Need for a Comprehensive Training Program (Turin: UN Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute, 2002).
2. Rey Koslowski, "The Mobility Money Can Buy: Human Smuggling and Border Control in the European Union," in The Wall Around the West: State Borders and Immigration Controls in North America and Europe, ed. Peter Andreas and Timothy Snyder (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000), pp. 203-18.
3. Helga Konrad, "Trafficking in Human Beings: The Ugly Face of Europe," Helsinki Monitor, no. 3 (2002): 263.
4. James H. Mittelman, The Globalization Syndrome: Transformation and Resistance (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000).
5. According to Regional Clearing Point, more than half of the women assisted reported that they had transited Serbia at some point in their trafficking experience. See Regional Clearing Point's First Annual Report on Victims of Trafficking in South Eastern Europe (Vienna: International Organization for Migration, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe Task Force on Trafficking in Human Beings, and International Catholic Migration Commission, September 2003), available at www.icmc.net/files/rcp2003full.en.pdf.
6. International Organization for Migration, Applied Research and Data Collection on Trafficking in Human Beings to, Through, and from the Balkan Region (Geneva: International Organization for Migration, 2001).
7. Konrad, "Trafficking in Human Beings," p. 13.
8. Trafficking in Human Beings in South Eastern Europe: 2003 Update on Situation and Responses to Trafficking in Human Beings (Warsaw and Sarajevo: UNICEF, UNOHCHR, OSCE/ODIHR, November 2003), available at www.osce.org/odihr/ documents/at_traffse.php3.
9. Quoted in Trafficking in Women: Manual for Journalists, ed. Jelena Djordjević and Slobodanka Dekić (Belgrade: Anti-Sex Trafficking Action, 2003).
10. Trafficking in Human Beings in South Eastern Europe, p. 23.
11. For a summary of the feminization of poverty in Central and Eastern Europe, see Rebecca Jean Emigh and Ivan Szelényi, eds., Poverty, Ethnicity, and Gender in Eastern Europe During the Market Transition (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2001).
12. This supplements the UN Convention on Trans-national Organized Crime adopted by the UN General Assembly in November 2000.
13. United Nations, Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (Geneva: United Nations, 2000), available at www.uri.edu/dignity/49conven.htm.
14. The first three categories are used in Trafficking in Human Beings in South Eastern Europe.
15. Franck Duvell, "The Globalization of Migration Control," Open Democracy (2003), available at www.opendemocracy.net.
16. Report on Trafficking in Human Beings in South Eastern Europe, p. 32.
17. Ibid., p. 23.
18. The underground nature of trafficking is portrayed in Lukas Moodysson's 2002 film, Lilja 4-Ever. In this fictional account, a young Russian woman, unemployed and living in poverty in a Russian province, is recruited by an acquaintance with the promise of legal employment in Sweden. She arrives by plane in Stockholm, then is driven to a provincial industrial city, raped by her handler, and held captive in an apartment building by her pimp.
19. Konrad, "Trafficking in Human Beings," p. 13.
20. For an academic example of this kind of analysis, see Donna Hughes, "The 'Natasha' Trade: The Transnational Shadow Market of Trafficking in Women" Journal of International Affairs 53, no. 2 (spring 2000): 625-51.
21. Koslowski, "Mobility Money Can Buy," p. 205.
22. See Maria Todorova, Imagining the Balkans (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997). Samuel Huntington has perpetuated this view by arguing that the Balkans are a central "fault line" separating Western, Orthodox, and Muslim civilizations; see The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998).
23. See Maria Todorova, Imagining the Balkans (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997). Samuel Huntington has perpetuated this view by arguing that the Balkans are a central "fault line" separating Western, Orthodox, and Muslim civilizations; see The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998).
24. Alina Mungiu-Pippidi, "Of Dark Sides and Twilight Zones: Enlarging to the Balkans," East European Politics and Societies 17, no. 1 (2003): 83-90.
25. I b i d.
26. The EU accession process has spurred a kind of regional horse race, whereby states compete to close more chapters of the acquis vis-à-vis their neighbors.
27. European Commission, Continuing Enlargement: Strategy Paper and Report of the European Commission on the Progress Towards Accession by Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey (Brussels: European Commission, November 2003).
28. Trafficking in Women. The Misery Behind the Fantasy: From Poverty to Sex Slavery. A Comprehensive Strategy (Brussels: European Commission, 2001), available at europa.eu.int/comm/justice_home/news/8mars_en.htm. See also Vera Varhegyi, " 'Fantasy Behind Misery': The Meanings of EU Measures on Trafficking in Women," Central European University, 2003.
29. Trafficking in Women. The Misery Behind the Fantasy: From Poverty to Sex Slavery. A Comprehensive Strategy (Brussels: European Commission, 2001), available at europa.eu.int/comm/justice_home/news/8mars_en.htm. See also Vera Varhegyi, " 'Fantasy Behind Misery': The Meanings of EU Measures on Trafficking in Women," Central European University, 2003.
30. Regional Strategy Paper, 2002-2006: CARDS Assistance Programme to the Western Balkans (Brussels: European Commission, 2003), available at europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/see/news/ip01_1464.htm.
31. Milada Anna Vachudova, "Eastern Europe as Gatekeeper: The Immigration and Asylum Polities of an Enlarging EU," in The Wall Around the West, pp. 153-72.
32. Koslowski, "Mobility Money Can Buy," pp. 207-8. See also Peter Andreas, "Introduction: The Wall After the Wall," in The Wall Around the West, pp. 1-14.
33. Koslowski, "Mobility Money Can Buy," pp. 207-8. See also Peter Andreas, "Introduction: The Wall After the Wall," in The Wall Around the West, pp. 1-14.
34. Mittelman, Globalization Syndrome, p. 10.
35. Vachudova, "Eastern Europe as Gatekeeper," p. 165.