The role of enforcement programs in increasing seat belt use

Journal of Safety Research

Volumn 35, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 175-180

  Williams, Allan F ^a   Wells, JoAnn K ^a  

^a Ins Institute for Highway Safety ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Driver education; Enforcement; Motor vehicle crashes; Publicity; Seat belt laws

Indexed keywords

ACCIDENT PREVENTION; AUTOMOBILE DRIVERS; BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH; DRIVER TRAINING; GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS; LAW ENFORCEMENT; LAWS AND LEGISLATION; RISK ASSESSMENT;

DRIVER EDUCATION; ENFORCEMENT; MOTOR VEHICLE CRASHES; PUBLICITY; SEAT BELT LAWS;

AUTOMOBILE SEAT BELTS;

ACCIDENT PREVENTION; ARTICLE; CANADA; HUMAN; LEGAL ASPECT; SEATBELT; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT; UNITED STATES; UTILIZATION REVIEW;

ACCIDENT PREVENTION; ACCIDENTS, TRAFFIC; CANADA; HUMANS; SEAT BELTS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 2642549919     PISSN: 00224375     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2004.03.001     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Bentley, J. J., Kurrus, R., & Beuse, N. (2003). Qualitative research regarding attitudes towards four technologies aimed at increasing safety belt use. Bethesda, MD: Equals Three Communications, Inc., 2003-01; Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, June.
2. Block, A. W. (2001). 2000 Motor vehicle occupant safety survey. Vol. 2, Seat Belt Report. Silver Spring, MD: Schulman, Ronca and Bucuvalas, Inc.; Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, November.
3. Bradbard, S. L., Panlener, J. C., & Lisboa-Farow, E. (1998). Increasing seat belt use among part-time users: messages and strategies. Washington, DC: Lisboa Associates; Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, DOT HS 808 708, February.
4. Cammisa M.X., Williams A.F., Ferguson S.A. Self-reported seat belt use in four countries: A telephone survey. Journal of Crash Prevention and Injury Control. 2(2):2000;103-110.
5. Goryl, M. E., & Cynecki, M. J. (1984). Restraint system usage in the traffic population. Southfield, MI: Goodell-Grivas, Inc.; Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, DOT HS-806-714.
6. Hagenzeiker M.P. Strategies to increase the use of restraint systems (Summary). Proceedings of a Workshop organized by SWOV and VIT at the VTI-TRB International Conference Traffic Safety on Two Continents. 1991;SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research, Gothenburg, the Netherlands.
7. Jasanoff S. The political science of risk perception. Reliability Engineering and System Safety. 59:1998;91-99.
8. Jonah B.A., Dawson N.E., Smith G.A. Effects of a selective traffic enforcement program on seat belt usage. Journal of Applied Psychology. 67:1982;89-96.
9. Jonah B.A., Grant B.A. Long-term effectiveness of selective traffic enforcement programs for increasing seat belt use. Journal of Applied Psychology. 70:1985;257-263.
10. Lamb A. Seat belt awareness and enforcement pilot project. 1982;Insurance Corporation of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.
11. Lund A.K., Stuster J., Fleming A. Special publicity and enforcement of California's belt use law: Making a "secondary" law work. Journal of Criminal Justice. 17:1989;329-341.
12. Mackay M. Seat belt use under voluntary and mandatory conditions and its effect on casualties. Evans L., Schwing R.C. Human Behavior and Traffic Safety. 1985;259-278 Plenum Press, New York.
13. Malenfant J.E.L., Wells J.K., Van Houten R., Williams A.F. The use of feedback signs to increase observed daytime seat belt use in two cities in North Carolina. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 28(6):1996;771-777.
14. Manduca P.L. Raising the seat belt wearing rate in the Province of British Columbia. 1983;Insurance Corporation of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.
15. McKenna F.P. It won't happen to me: Unrealistic optimism or illusion of control? British Journal of Psychology. 84:1993;39-50.
16. Mortimer R.B., Goldsteen K., Armstrong R.W., Marcina D. Effects of enforcement on seat belt by drivers in selected cities in Illinois: Final report. 1990;Illinois Department of Transportation, Champaign-Urbana, IL.
17. O'Neill B. Seat belt use: Where we've been, where were are, and what's next. 2001 Seat Belt Summit: Policy Options for Increasing Seat Belt Use in the United States in 2001 and Beyond, Appendix A. 2001;Automotive Coalition for Traffic Safety, Inc. Arlington, VA. Conference held in Orlando, FL, January 11-13, 2001.
18. Reinfurt D.W., Williams A.F., Wells J.K., Rodgman E. Characteristics of drivers not using seat belts in a high belt use state. Journal of Safety Research. 27(4):1996;209-215.
19. Robertson L.S. Auto industry belt use campaign fails. 1977;Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Washington, DC.
20. Robertson L.S. Automobile seat belt use in selected countries, states and provinces with and without laws requiring belt use. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 10:1978;5-10.
21. Robertson L.S. The seat belt use law in Ontario: Effects on actual use. Canadian Journal of Public Health. 69:1978;154-157.
22. Robertson L.S., Kelley A.B., O'Neill B., Wixom C.W., Eiswirth R.S., Haddon W. Jr. A controlled study of the effect of television messages on safety belt use. American Journal of Public Health. 64:1974;1071-1080.
23. Rood D.H., Kraichy P.P., Carman J.A. Selective traffic enforcement program for occupant restraints. 1987;U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC. Final report, DOT HS 807 120.
24. Schwalm, N. D., & Slovic, P. (1982). Development and test of a motivational approach and materials for increasing use of restraints. Woodland Hills, CA: Perceptronics; Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Final Technical Report PFTR-1100-82-3, March.
25. Solomon, M. G. (2002). NHTSA Region IV Click It or Ticket Campaign, May 2001. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, DOT HS-809-404.
26. Solomon, M. G., Nissen, W. J., & Preusser, D. F. (1999). Occupant protection special traffic enforcement program evaluation. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, DOT HS-808-884.
27. Williams A.F., Lund A.K., Preusser D.F., Blomberg R.D. Results of seat belt use law enforcement and publicity campaign in Elmira, New York. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 19:1987;243-249.
28. Williams A.F., Paek N.N., Lund A.K. Factors that drivers say motivate safe driving practices. Journal of Safety Research. 26:1995;119-124.
29. Williams A.F., Preusser D.F., Blomberg R.D., Lund A.K. Seat belt use law enforcement and publicity in Elmira, New York; a reminder campaign. American Journal of Public Health. 77:1987;1450-1451.
30. Williams A.F., Reinfurt D.W., Wells J.K. Increasing seat belt use in North Carolina. Journal of Safety Research. 27:1996;33-41.
31. Williams A.F., Robertson L.S. Observed Daytime Seat-belt use in Vancouver before and after the British Columbia belt-use law. Canadian Journal of Public Health. 70:1979;329-332.
32. Williams A.F., Wells J.K., Lund A.K. Voluntary seat belt use among high school students. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 15:1983;161-165.
33. Williams A.F., Wells J.K., Lund A.K. Shoulder belt use in four states with belt use laws. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 19(4):1987;251-260.
34. Williams A.F., Wells J.K., McCartt A.T., Preusser D.F. "Buckle Up NOW!" an enforcement program to achieve high belt use. Journal of Safety Research. 31:2000;195-201.
35. Williams A.F., Wells J.K., Reinfurt D.W. Characteristics and opinions of North Carolina residents cited for not using seat belts. Journal of Traffic Medicine. 25:1997;71-76.