Measurement and simulation of snow and superimposed ice at the Kongsvegen glacier, Svalbard (Spitzbergen)

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres

Volumn 109, Issue 4, 2004, Pages

  Obleitner, Friedrich ^a   Lehning, Michael ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK   (Austria)

^b WSL INSTITUTE FOR SNOW AND AVALANCHE RESEARCH SLF   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Arctic glaciers; Glacier mass and energy balance; Snow cover hydrology; Snow models; Superimposed ice

Indexed keywords

ENERGY BALANCE; GLACIER DYNAMICS; MASS BALANCE; MELTWATER; SNOW COVER;

ARCTIC; KONGSVEGEN GLACIER; SPITSBERGEN; SVALBARD; SVALBARD AND JAN MAYEN;

EID: 2642546553     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003945     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Albert, M. R. (1996). Modeling heat, mass and species transport in polar firn, Ann. Glaciol., 23, 138-143.
2. Ambach, W (1963). Untersuchungen zum Energieumsatz in der Ablationszone des Grönländischen Inlandeises, Medd. Groenl, 174(4), 311 pp.
3. Anderson, E. (1976), A point energy and mass balance model for a snow cover, NOAA Tech. Rep. NWS 19.
4. Bader, H. P., and P. Weilenmann (1992), Modeling temperature distribution, energy and mass flow in a (phase-changing) snowpack: Model and case studies, Cold Reg. Sci.Technol, 20, 157-181.
5. Bartelt, P., and M. Lehning (2002), A physical SNOWPACK model for the Swiss avalanche warning, part I: Numerical model, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 35, 123-145.
6. Benson, C. (1962), Stratigraphic studies in the snow and firn of the Greenland ice sheet, SIPRE Res. Rep. 70, Snow, Ice and Permafrost Res. Estab., Hanover, N. H.
7. Betts, A. K., J. H. Ball, J. B. Smith, and S. R. Shewchuk (1997), Comparison of BOREAS and Atmospheric Environment Service humidity sensors at Meadow Lake, Saskatchewan, J. Geophys. Res., 102(D24), 28,911-28,913.
8. Björnsson, H., Y. Gjessing, S. Hamran, J. O. Hagen, O. Liestol, F. Palsson, and B. Berlingsson (1996), The thermal regime of sub-polar glaciers mapped by multi-frequency radio-echo sounding, J. Glaciol., 42, 23-32.
9. Boggild, C., N. Rech, and H. Oerter (1994), Modelling ablation and mass-balance sensitivity to climate change of Storstrommen, Northeast Greenland, Global Planet. Change, 9, 79-90.
10. Braithwaite, R., and O. Olesen (1993), Seasonal variation of ice ablation at the margin of the Greenland ice sheet and its sensitivity to climate change, Qamanarssip sermia, West Greenland. J. Glaciol., 39, 267-274.
11. Brun, E., E. Martin, V. Simon, C. Gendre, and C. Coleou (1989), An energy and mass balance model of snow cover suitable for operational avalanche forecasting, J. Glaciol, 35, 333-342.
12. Colbeck, S. C. (1972), A theory of water percolation in snow, J. Glaciol., 11, 369-385.
13. Field, R. T, L. J. Fritsche, E. T. Kanemasu, E. A. Smith, J. B. Stewart, S. B. Verma, and W. P. Kustas (1992), Calibration, comparison, and correction of net radiation instruments used during FIFE, J. Geophys. Res., 97(D17), 18,681-18,695.
14. Fujita, K., K. Seko, Y. Ageta, J. Pu, and T. Yao (1996), Superimposed ice in glacier mass balance on the Tibetan Plateau, J. Glaciol., 42, 454-460.
15. Greuell, W., and T. Konzelmann (1994), Numerical modelling of the energy balance and the englacial temperature of the Greenland ice sheet: Calculations for the ETH-Camp location (West Greenland, 1155m a.s.l.), Global Planet. Change, 9, 91-114.
16. Haeberli, W., R. Frauenfelder, and M. Hoelzle (2001), Glacier Mass balance bulletin no. 6 (1998-1999), report, edited by W. Haeberli, R. Frauenfelder, and M. Hoelzle, 93 pp., World Glacier Monit. Serv., Int. Comm. on Snow and Ice, Zurich, Switzerland.
17. Huybrechts, P., A. Letreguilly, and N. Reeh (1991), The Greenland ice sheet and greenhouse warming, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol,, 89, 399-412.
18. Janssens, I., and P. Huybrechts (2000), The treatment of meltwater retention in mass-balance parameterisations of the Greenland ice sheet, Ann. Glaciol., 31, 133-140.
19. Jonsson, S., and M. Hansson (1990), Identification of annual layers in superimposed ice from Stornoyjokulen in northeastern Svalbard, Geogr. Ann., Ser. A, 72, 41-54.
20. Jordan, R. (1991), A one-dimensional temperature model for a snowcover, CRREL Spec. Rep. 91-16. Cold Reg. Res. and Eng. Lab., Hanover, N. H.
21. Koerner, M. (1970), Some observations on superimposition of ice on the Devon Island ice cap, N.W.T., Canada, Geogr. Ann., Ser. A, 52, 57-67.
22. König, M., J. Wadham, J. G. Winther, J. Kohler, and A. Nuttall (2002), Detection of superimposed ice on the glaciers Kongsvegen and midre Lovénbreen, Svalbard, using SAR satellite imagery, Ann. Glaciol., 34, 335-342.
23. Lefauconnier, B., and J.O. Hagen (1990), Glaciers and climate in Svalbard: Statistical analysis and reconstruction of the Broggerbreen mass balance for the last 77 years. Ann. Glaciol., 14, 148-152.
24. Lefauconnier, B., J. O. Hagen, J. O. Orback, K. Melvold, and E. Isaksson (1999), Glacier balance trends in the Kongsfjorden area, western Spitzbergen, Svalbard, in relation to the climate, Polar Res., 18(2), 307-313.
25. Lehning, M., P. Bartelt, B. Brown, C. Fierz, and P. Satyawali (2002a), A physical SNOWPACK model for the Swiss avalanche warning, part II: Snow microstructure, Cold Reg, Sci. Technol., 35, 145-167.
26. Lehning, M., P. Bartelt, B. Brown, and C. Fierz (2002b), A physical SNOWPACK model for the Swiss avalanche warning, part III: Meteorological forcing, thin layer formation and evaluation, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 35, 169-184.
27. Marsh, P. (1991), Water flux in melting snow covers, Adv. Porous Media, 1, 61-124.
28. Mayewski, P. A., L. D. Meeker, M. C. Morrison, M. S. Twickler, S. Whitlow, K. K. Ferland, D. A. Meese, M. R. Legrand, and J. P. Steffensen (1993), Greenland ice core "signal" characteristics: An expanded view of climate change, J. Geophys. Res., 98. 12,839-12,847.
29. Morris, E. M. (1983), Modelling the flow of mass and energy within a snowpack for hydrological forecasting. Ann. Glaciol., 4, 198-203.
30. Morris, E., H. P. Bader, and P. Weilenmann (1997), Modelling temperature variations in polar snow using DAISY, J. Glaciol., 43, 180-191.
31. Nicolaus, M., N. Haas, and C. Bareiss (2003), Observations of superimposed ice formation at melt-onset on fast ice on Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Phys. Chem. Earth., 28, 1241-1248.
32. Obleitner, F. (2000), The energy budget of snow and ice at Breidamerkurjökull, Vatnajökull, Iceland, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 97, 385-410.
33. Obleitner, F., and J. DeWolde (1999), On intercomparison of instruments used within the Vatnajökull glaciometeorological experiment, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 92, 27-37.
34. Oerlemans, J., and J. Fortuin (1992), Sensitivity of glaciers and small ice caps to greenhouse warming, Science, 258(5079), 115-117.
35. Ohmura, A., and K. Schroff(1993), Physical characteristics of the Davostype pyrradiometer for short- and long-wave radiation, Arch. Meteorol. Geophys. Bioklimatol., Ser. B, 33, 57-76.
36. Pfeffer, T., T. Lllangasekare, and M. Meier (1990), Analysis and modeling of melf-water refreezing in dry snow, J. Glaciol., 36, 238-246.
37. Rech, N. (1991), Parameterization of melt rate and surface temperature on the Greenland ice sheet, Polarforschung, 59(3), 113-128.
38. Schytt, V. (1949), Re-freezing of the melt-water on the surface of glacier ice, Geogr. Ann., 31, 222-227.
39. Wadham, J., and A. Nuttall (2002), Multiphase formation of superimposed ice during a mass-balance year at a maritime high-Arctic glacier, J. Glaciol., 48, 545-551.
40. Wakahama, G., D. Kuroiwa, T. Hasemi, and C. Benson (1976), Field observations and experimental and theoretical studies on the superimposed ice of Mc Call glacier, Alaska, J. Glaciol., 16, 135-149.
41. Woodward, J., M. Sharp, and A. Arendt (1997), The influence of superimposed-ice formation on the sensitivity of glacier mass balance to climate change, Ann. Glaciol, 24, 186-190.