The partitioning of heavy metals in incineration of sludges and waste in a bubbling fluidized bed. 2. Interpretation of results with a conceptual model

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Volumn 126, Issue 1-3, 2005, Pages 158-168

  Toledo, José M ^a   Corella, José ^a   Corella, Luis M ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID   (Spain)

Author keywords

Fluidization; Fluidized beds; Heavy metals; Incineration; Partitioning; Sludge; Trace metals; Waste

Indexed keywords

BIOFILTERS; DIFFUSION; FLUID DYNAMICS; FLUIDIZATION; FLUIDIZED BEDS; FLY ASH; REACTION KINETICS; SEWAGE SLUDGE; THERMODYNAMICS; WASTE INCINERATION;

BUBBLING FLUIDIZED BED (BFB); CERAMIC HOT FILTERS; PARTITIONING; TRACE METALS;

HEAVY METALS;

CADMIUM; CHLORINE; CHROMIUM; COPPER; HEAVY METAL; LEAD; NICKEL; ZINC;

FLUIDIZED BED; HEAVY METAL; INCINERATION; WASTE REDUCTION;

ARTICLE; ASH; CERAMICS; DIFFUSION; FILTER; FLUIDIZATION; FLUIDIZED BED; FLY ASH; HEAVY METAL REMOVAL; INCINERATION; KINETICS; MODEL; PARTITION COEFFICIENT; SLUDGE DISPOSAL; TEMPERATURE; THERMODYNAMICS; VAPOR; WASTE MANAGEMENT;

INCINERATION; KINETICS; METALS, HEAVY; MODELS, CHEMICAL; PARTICLE SIZE; SEWAGE; TEMPERATURE;

EID: 26244466415     PISSN: 03043894     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.06.021     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. D.A. Tillman Trace Metals in Combustion Systems 1994 Academic Press Inc. San Diego, CA, USA 0-12-691265-3
2. A.J. Chandler, T.T. Eighmy, J. Hartlén, O. Hjelmar, D.S. Kosson, S.E. Sawell, H.A. van der Sloot, and J. Vehlow Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Residues, The International Ash Working Group (IAWG) 1997 Elsevier Science Amsterdam, The Netherlands
3. J. Corella, and J.M. Toledo Incineration of doped sludges in fluidized bed Fate and partitioning of six targeted heavy metals. I. Pilot plant used and results J. Hazard. Mater. B80 2000 81 105
4. E.G. Eddings, and J.S. Lighty Fundamental studies of metal behavior during solids incineration Combust. Sci. Technol. 85 1992 375 390
5. E.G. Eddings, J.S. Lighty, and J.A. Koziński Determination of metal behavior during the incineration of a contaminated montmorillonite clay Environ. Sci. Technol. 28 1994 1791 1800
6. K.K. Rink, J.A. Koziński, and J.S. Lighty Biosludge incineration in FBCs: behavior of ash particles Combust. Flame 100 1995 121 130
7. J.A. Koziński, K.K. Rink, J.S. Lighty, Combustion of sludge waste in FBC. Distribution of metals and particle sizes, in: K.J. Heinschel (Ed.), Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion in Orlando, ASME, New York, N.Y., 1995, pp. 139-147.
8. C. Holbert, and J. Lighty Trace metals behavior during the thermal treatment of paper-mill sludge Proceedings of the IT3 International Conference on Incineration & Thermal Treatment Technologies 1998 University of California at Irvine Irvine, CA, USA 681 688
9. K.K. Rink, F.S. Larsen, J.A. Koziński, J.S. Lighty, G.D. Silcox, and D.W. Pershing Thermal treatment of hazardous wastes: a comparison of fluidized bed and rotary kiln incineration Energy Fuels 7 1993 803 813
10. A. Ramesh, and J.A. Koziński Application of advanced analytical techniques to elucidate structural and chemical evolution of combustion-generated ash Chem. Eng. Sci. 56 2001 1801 1809
11. C. Braguglia, D. Marani, and G. Mininni Chemical, morphological and microstructural characterisation of solid residues from sludge incineration by fluidized bed furnace Proceedings of the International Conference on Sludge Management: Regulation, Treatment, Utilisation and Disposal Acapulco, Mexico, October 25-27 2001 510 517
12. G. Mininni, C.M. Braguglia, and D. Marani Partitioning of Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in sewage sludge incineration by rotary kiln and fluidized bed furnaces Water Sci. Technol. 41 8 2000 61 68
13. D. Marani, C.M. Braguglia, and G. Mininni Behaviour of Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in sewage sludge incineration by fluidized bed furnace Waste Manage. 23 2000 117 124
14. J.-K. Lee, K.-H. Lee, and H.S. Chun Behavior of trace metals in fluidized-bed incineration of sewage sludge J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 26 2 1993 179 182
15. J.-K. Lee, J.-G. Jang, W.-H. Kim, H.-S. Chun, Fate of gaseous pollutants and heavy metals during fluidized bed incineration of dye sludge, Presented at the International Seminar on Advanced Incineration of Solid Waste, Expoquimia, Barcelona (Spain), October, 1996
16. J.-G. Jang, W.-H. Kim, M.R. Kim, H.-S. Chun, and J.K. Lee Prediction of gaseous pollutants and heavy metals during fluidized bed incineration of dye sludge Korean J. Chem. Eng. 18 4 2001 506 511
17. R.G. Barton, W.R. Seeker, and H.E. Bostian The behaviour of metals in municipal sludge incinerators Trans. IChemE 69 Part B 1991 29 36
18. R.G. Barton, W.D. Clark, and W.R. Seeker Fate of metals in waste combustion systems Combust. Sci. Technol. 74 1990 327 342
19. T.C. Ho, Metal Capture by Various Sorbents during Fluidized Bed Incineration, Presented at the EPA RTP Workshop on Multipollutant Sorbent Reactivity, July 19-20, 1994.
20. T.C. Ho, H.T. Lee, C.C. Shiao, J.Ro. Hopper, and W.D. Bostick Metal behaviour during fluidized bed thermal treatment of soil Waste Manage. 15 1995 325
21. T.C. Ho Metal Retention by Sorbents in a Simulated Waste Heat Boiler Proceedings of the International Incineration Conference: Thermal Treatment of Radioactive, Hazardous Chemical, Mixed, Munitions, and Pharmaceutical Wastes Houston, TX, USA, May 9-13 1994 559 562
22. J.-C. Chen, M.-Y. Wey, Y.-F. Liu, and B.-C. Chiang Dynamic adsorption of heavy metals under various incineration temperatures J. Environ. Eng. August 1998 776 779
23. M.-Y. Wey, J.-L. Su, and J.-C. Chen Influence of operating conditions on the formation of heavy metal compounds during incineration J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 49 1999 444 453
24. J.-C. Chen, M.-Y. Wey, and M.-H. Yan Theoretical and experimental study of metal capture during incineration process J. Environ. Eng. November 1997 1100 1106
25. M.-Y. Wey, J.-H. Hwang, and J.-C. Chen The behavior of heavy metal Cr, Pb and Cd during waste incineration in fluidized bed under various chlorine additives J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 29 3 1996 494 500
26. M.-Y. Wey, J.-H. Hwang, and J.-C. Chen Mass and elemental size distribution of chromium, lead and cadmium under various incineration conditions J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 31 4 1998 506 517
27. Y.-M. Chang, T.-C. Chang, and J.-P. Lin Effect of incineration on lead emission from a fixed bed incinerator J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 32 5 1999 626 634
28. R.-C. Wang, and W.-C. Lin Fluidized bed incineration in capturing trace metals of sewage sludge J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 31 6 1998 897 902
29. B. Coda, K. Sandelin, R Backman, R. Berger, K.R.G. Hein, Trace element behaviour when co-firing coal, straw, paper sludge under bubbling fluidised bed conditions, in: D.W. Geiling (Ed.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Fluidised Bed Combustion, May 13-16, Reno, Nevada, USA, ASME, 2001.
30. L.-E. Åmand, H. Miettinen-Westberg, M. Karlsson, B. Leckner, B. Coda, M. Hocquel, R. Berger, K.R.G. Hein, X. Feng, M. Abul Milh, Co-combustion of dried sewage sludge and coal - the fate of heavy metals, in: D.W. Geiling (Ed.), Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion, May 13-16, Reno, Nevada, USA (paper FBC01-0108), ASME, 2001.
31. B. Coda, M. Aho, R. Berger, and K.R.G. Hein Behavior of chlorine and enrichment of risky elements in bubbling fluidized bed combustion of biomass and waste assisted by additives Energy Fuels 15 3 2001 680 690
32. M. Lundberg, U. Hagman, B.-A. Anderson, J. Olofson, Environmental performance of the Kvaerner BFB boilers for MSW combustion - analysis of gaseous emissions and solids residues, in: Proceedings of the 1997 International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion, vol. 1, ASME, New York, N.Y., 1997, pp. 7-13.
33. T.R. Bridle, J.M. Rovel, Full-scale application of sewage sludge pyrolysis: experience from the subiaco plant in Australia, in: A.V. Bridgwater (Ed.), Pyrolysis and Gasification of Biomass and Waste, CLP Press, Newbury, UK, 2003, ISBN 1-872691-77-3, pp. 81-89.
34. G.P. Reed, S. Brain, P. Cahill, and I. Fantom Control of trace elements in gasification: a measurement methodology to validate thermodynamic predictions Proceedings of the 1997 International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion, vol. 2 1997 ASME New York, N.Y. pp. 1285-1293
35. B.B. Miller, R. Kandiyoti, and D.R. Dugwell Trace element emissions from co-combustion of secondary fuels with coal: a comparison of bench-scale experimental data with predictions of a thermodynamic equilibrium model Energy Fuels 16 4 2002 956 963
36. B.B. Miller, D.R. Dugwell, and R. Kandiyoti Partitioning of trace elements during the combustion of coal and biomass in a suspension-firing reactor Fuel 81 2002 159 171
37. B.B. Miller, R. Kandiyoti, and D.R. Dugwell Trace element behavior during co-combustion of sewage sludge with polish coal Energy Fuels 18 2004 1093 1103
38. G.P. Reed, N.P. Paterson, Y. Zhuo, D.R. Dugwell, and R. Kandiyoti Trace element distribution in sewage sludge gasification: Source and temperature effects Energy Fuels 19 1 2005 298 304
39. R. Yan, D. Gauthier, and G. Flamant Partitioning of trace elements in the flue gas from coal combustion Combust. Flame 125 2001 942 954
40. S. Abanades, G. Flamant, and D. Gauthier Kinetics of heavy metal vaporization from model wastes in a fluidized bed Environ. Sci. Technol. 36 2002 3879 3884
41. S. Abanades, G. Flamant, and D. Gauthier The kinetics of vaporization of a heavy metal from a fluidized waste by an inverse method Combust. Flame 134 2003 315 326
42. H.S. Zhou, S. Abanades, G. Flamant, D. Gauthier, and J.D. Lu Predicting heavy metal vaporization dynamics in a circulating fluidized bed riser by a Lagrangian approach Powder Technol. 146 2004 20 31
43. P. Kouvo, and R. Backman Estimation of trace elements release and accumulation in the sand bed during bubbling fluidised bed co-combustion of biomass, peat, and refuse-derived fuels Fuel 82 2003 741 753
44. P. Kouvo Trace metal distribution and control in the pilot-scale bubbling fluidized bed combustor equipped with the pulse-jet fabric filter, limestone injection, and the humidification reactor J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 53 2003 406 416
45. J. Latva-Somppi, Experimental Studies on Pulp and Paper Mill Sludge Behavior in Fluidized Bed Combustors, Ph.D. Thesis, VTT publication no. 336 [ISBN 951-38-5214-8], Espoo, Finland, 1998.
46. J. Latva-Somppi, E.I. Kauppinen, T. Valmari, P. Ahonen, B. Johanson, and M. Moisio Paper mill waste sludge incineration; ash formation and trace metal distribution in combustion ashes Proceedings of the International Conference on Incineration Therm. Treat. Technol. University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA 1996 431 437
47. T. Lind, E.I. Kauppinen, J.K. Jokiniemi, and W. Maenhaut A field study on the trace metal behaviour in atmospheric circulating fluidized bed coal combustion 25th Symposium (International) on Combustion The Combustion Institute 1994 201 209
48. T. Lind, T. Valmari, E.I. Kauppinen, G. Sfiris, K. Nilsson, and W. Maenhaut Volatilization of the heavy metals during circulating fluidized bed combustion of forest residue Environ. Sci. Technol. 33 1999 496 502
49. T. Lind, T. Valamari, E. Kauppinen, K. Nilsson, G. Sfiris, and W. Maenhaut Ash formation mechanisms during combustion of wood in circulating fluidized beds Proc. Combust. Inst. 28 2000 2287 2295
50. M. Aho, R. Eteläaho, B. Miller, D. Dugwell, R. Kandiyoti, B. Coda, R. Berger, K. Hein, Toxic elements in biomass and waste fuels and their removal from the flue gases of fluidized bed boilers, in: W. Palz, J. Splitzer, K. Maniatis (Eds.), Biomass for Energy, Industry and Climate Protection, Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Biomass, Amsterdam, June 17-21, 2002 [ISBN 88-900442-5-X], 2002, pp. 848-852.
51. R. Oikari, M. Aho, and R. Hernberg Demonstration of a new on-line analyzer for the measurement of vaporized toxic metal compounds in a fluidized bed combustor Energy Fuels 17 2003 87 94
52. H. Lopes, I. Guryurtlu, I. Cabrita, Repartição de metais pesados na co-combustão de lamas con carvão em leito fluidizado, in: C. Borrego, C. Coelho, L. Arroja, C. Boia, E. Figueiredo (Eds.), Proceedings of the 5th National Conference on Qualidade do Ambiente, vol. 1, April 10-12, 1996, 1996, pp. 1053-1067.
53. H. Lopes, T. Trinidade, I. Guryurtlu, and I. Cabrita Characterisation of FBC ashes from co-combustion of coal with oily residues Fuel 80 2001 785 793
54. L.-E. Åmand, and B. Leckner Metal emissions from co-combustion of sewage sludge and coal/wood in fluidized bed Fuel 83 2004 1803 1821
55. C.H. Jung, T. Matsuto, N. Tanaka, and T. Okada Metal distribution in incineration residues of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Jpn. Waste Manage. 24 2004 381 391
56. S. Bajohr, C. Higman, R. Reimert, The distribution of heavy metals during biomass gasification, Paper Presented at the 6th European Gasification Conference, 10-12 May 2004, Brighton, UK, IChemE, Rugby, UK.
57. H. Lu, H. Chen, W. Li, and B. Li Occurrence and volatilisation behavior of Pb, Cd, Cr in Yima coal during fluidized-bed pyrolysis Fuel 83 2004 39 45
58. W.P. Linak, and J.O.L. Wendt Toxic metal emissions from incineration: mechanisms and control Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 19 1993 145 185
59. L.A. Ruth Energy from municipal solid waste: a comparison with coal combustion technology Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 24 1998 545 564
60. K. Salo, and W. Mojtahedi Fate of alkali and trace metals in biomass gasification Biomass Bioenerg. 15 3 1998 263 267
61. Y. Menard, P. Sessiecq, F. Patisson, D. Ablitzer, Mathematical modelling of municipal solid waste incineration and thermodynamic study of the behaviour of heavy metals, in: I. Gaballah, B. Mishra, R. Solozabal, M. Tanaka (Eds.), Global Symposium on Recycling, Waste Treatment and Clean Technology (REWAS 2004), vol. II, 26-29 September 2004, Madrid, Spain, INASMET, San Sebastian, Spain, ISBN: 84-95520-06-0, 2004, pp. 1577-1586.
62. B. Cheynet, Calculation according the GEMINI 1 software of the heavy metals present in the different exit flows at the UCM-BFB incinerator, Final Report by THERMODATA-INPG-CNRS (38400 Saint Martin d'Héres, France) to EC, DGXII, (Brussels), Programme Brite EuRam III, of the Project no. BRPR-CT95-0011, (MELODI Project), May 1998.
63. F. Senent, Error Theory and Statistics (Book for students), Faculties of Chemistry of Universities of Valladolid (1962-70) and of Valencia (1970-to date), Spain.
64. M. Neuilly, CETAMA, Modelisation et Estimation des Erreurs de Mesure, second ed., Lavoisier, Paris, 1998.
65. M. Nieminen, E. Kurkela, Filtration of biomass and waste derived gasification product gas, Presented in the 6th International Conference on Science in Thermal and Chemical Biomass Conversion held in Victoria, Vancouver Island, Canada, 30 August-2 September 2004.
66. INDAVER s.a. (Antwerpen, Belgium), private communication.
67. C. Ludwig, J. Wochele, H. Lutz, M. Mohr, A. Schuler, D. Schreiber, A. Ramachandra, S. Stucki, Volatilization of heavy metals and alkalis in thermal processes, in: I. Gaballah, B. Mishra, R. Solozabal, M. Tanaka (Eds.), Global Symposium on Recycling, Waste Treatment and Clean Technology (REWAS 2004), 26-29 September 2004, Madrid, Spain, INASMET, vol. III, San Sebastian, Spain, ISBN: 84-95520-06-0, 2004, pp. 2177-2186.
68. Y.-M. Chang, and S.-Y. Hong Study on elutriation from bubbling fluidized bed incineration - a correlation for elutriation rate constant J. Chin. Inst. Environ. Eng. 12 3 2002 253 267
69. D. Kunii, and O. Levenspiel Fluidization Engineering second ed. 1991 Butterworth-Heinemann Stoneham, MA, USA