Nanoscale engineering for reducing phase noise in electronic devices

Proceedings of the IEEE

Volumn 93, Issue 10, 2005, Pages 1784-1814

  Handel, Peter H ^a,b,c,d   Tournier, Adam G ^b  

^a IEEE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI ST LOUIS   (United States)

^c Quantum 1 F Symposia   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

1 f noise; GaN AlGaN MODFET oscillator phase noise; Microelectromechanical devices; Microresonators; Nanosensors; Nanotechnology; Phase noise; Quantum 1 f noise; Quantum 1 f phase noise; Quantum 1 f theory; Spintronic 1 f noise

Indexed keywords

ACOUSTIC WAVES; ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT; GALLIUM NITRIDE; MICROELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICES; NOISE ABATEMENT; QUANTUM THEORY;

1/F NOISE; GAN/ALGAN MODFET OSCILLATOR PHASE NOISE; MICRORESONATORS; NANOSENSORS; PHASE NOISE; QUANTUM 1/F NOISE; QUANTUM 1/F PHASE NOISE; QUANTUM 1/F THEORY; SPINTRONIC 1/F NOISE;

NANOTECHNOLOGY;

EID: 26244444784     PISSN: 00189219     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2005.855451     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (81)

1. A. van der Ziel, Noise in Solid State Devices and Circuits. New York: Wiley, 1986.
2. P. H. Handel, "Nature of 1/f phase noise," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 34, pp. 1495-1498, 1975.
3. _, "Nature of 1/f frequency fluctuations in quartz crystal resonators," Solid State Electron., vol. 22, pp. 875-876, 1979.
4. R. G. Rodgers, Low Phase Noise Microwave Oscillator Design. Boston, MA: Artech House, 1991.
5. A. Hajimiri, The Design of Low Noise Oscillators. Boston, MA: Kluwer, 1999.
6. J. B. Johnson, "The Schottky-effect in low-frequency circuits," Phys. Rev., vol. 26, pp. 71-85, 1925.
7. A. L. Mcwhorter, "1/f noise and related surface effects in germanium," MIT Lincoln Lab. Rep., Lexington, MA, 1955, p. 80.
8. P. H. Handel, "Quantum approach to 1/f noise," Phys. Rev., vol. 22A, p. 745, 1980.
9. _, "Fundamental quantum 1/f noise in semiconductor devices," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 41, no. 11, pp. 2023-2033, Nov. 1994.
10. _, "Coherent and conventional quantum 1/f effect," Phys. Status Solidi, vol. b194, pp. 393-409, 1996.
11. _, "Noise, low frequency," in Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering J. G. Webster Ed. New York: Wiley, 1999, vol. 14, pp. 428-449.
12. T. S. Sherif and P. H. Handel, "Unified treatment of diffraction and 1/f noise," Phys. Rev., vol. A26, pp. 596-602, 1982.
13. P. H. Handel and D. Wolf, "Characteristic functional of quantum 1/f noise," Phys. Rev., vol. A26, pp. 3727-3730, 1982.
14. F. N. Hooge, Phys. Lett., vol. A-29, p. 139, 1969.
15. G. S. Kousik, C. M. van Vliet, G. Bosman, and P. H. Handel, Adv. Phys., vol. 34, pp. 663-726, 1985.
16. G. S. Kousik, C. M. van Vliet, G. Bosman, and H.-J. Luo, Phys. Status Solidi, vol. 154, pp. 713-726, 1989.
17. A. Van der Ziel, Noise in Solid State Devices and Circuits. New York: Wiley, 1986, ch. 11.
18. _, "Unified presentation of 1/f noise in electronic devices; fundamental 1/f noise sources," Proc. IEEE, vol. 76, no. 3, pp. 233-258, Mar. 1988.
19. W. H. Press, Comments Astrophys. Space Phys., vol. 7, p. 103, 1978.
20. P. H. Handel, "The nature of fundamental 1/f noise," in Proc. AIP Conf. 12th Int. Conf. Noise in Physical Systems and 1/f Fluctuations 1993, vol. 285, pp. 162-171.
21. _, "1/f noise - An infrared phenomenon," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 34, pp. 1492-1494, 1975.
22. _, "The quantum 1/f effect and the general nature of 1/f noise," Archiv fur Elektronik and Ubertragungstechnik (AEU), vol. 43, pp. 261-270, 1989.
23. A. van der Ziel, "Semiclassical derivation of Handel's expression for the Hooge parameter," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 63, pp. 2456-2455, 1988.
24. P. H. Handel, "Any particle represented by a coherent state exhibits 1/f noise," in Proc. 7th Int. Conf. Noise in Physical Systems and 1/f Noise M. Savelli, G. Lecoy, and J. P. Nougier Eds., 1983, p. 97.
25. _, "Coherent states quantum 1/f noise and the quantum 1/f effect," in Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Noise in Physical Systems and 1/f Noise A. D'Amico and P. Mazzetti Eds., 1986, p. 469.
26. _, "Incoherence and negative entropy in the quantum 1/f effect of BAW and SAW quartz resonators," in Proc. 1997 IEEE Int. Frequency Control Symp. J. R. Vig Ed., 1997, pp. 464-469.
27. _, General Quantum 1/f Bibliography. St. Louis, MO: Physics Dept., Univ. of Missouri.
28. A. van der Ziel, "The experimental verification of Handel's expressions for the Hooge parameter," Solid State Electron., vol. 31, pp. 1205-1209, 1988.
29. A. van der Ziel, A.D. van Rheenen, and A. N. Birbas, "Extensions of Handel's 1/f noise equations and their semiclassical theory," Phys. Rev., vol. B40, pp. 1806-1809, 1989.
30. P. H. Handel, "Quantum 1/f quartz resonator theory versus experiment," in Proc. 1999 Joint Eur. Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE Int. Frequency Control Symp. 1999, pp. 1192-1195.
31. 0.85N doped channel heterostructure field effect transistors," IEEE Electron Device Lett. vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 475-477-61, Dec. 1998.
32. A. Balandin, K. L. Wang, R. Li, A. Svizhenko, and S. Bandyopadhyay, "The fundamental 1/f noise and the Hooge parameter in semiconductor quantum wires," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 1240-1244, Jun. 1999.
33. M. Tacano, "Hooge fluctuation parameter of semiconductor microstructures," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 2060-2064, Nov. 1993.
34. M. Tacano, A. Ando, I. Shibasaki, S. Hashiguchi, J. Sikula, and T. Matsui, "Dependence of Hooge parameter of compound semiconductors," in Proc. AIP P. H. Handel and A. L. Chung Eds., 1999, vol. 466, pp. 35-41.
35. A. Balandin, K. L. Wang, A. Svizhenko, and S. Bandyopadadhyay, "The effects of low-dimensionality on the quantum 1/f noise," in Proc. AIP P. H. Handel and A. L. Chung Eds., 1999, vol. 466, pp. 131-134.
36. A. Widom, V. Kidambi, and Y. N. Srivastava, "Soft boson radiation and fractal probability distributions," in Proc. AIP P. H. Handel and A. L. Chung Eds., 1999, vol. 466, pp. 135-144.
37. J. Berntgen, T. L. Lim, W. Daumann, U. Auer, F.-J. Tegude, A. Matulionis, and K. Heime, "Hooge parameter of 2DEG structures and its dependence on channel design and temperature," in Proc. AIP P. H. Handel and A. L. Chung Eds., 1999, vol. 466, pp. 59-70.
38. J. Berntgen, K. Heime, W. Daumann, U. Auer, F.-J. Tegude, and A. Matulionis, "The 1/f noise of InP based 2DEG devices and its dependence on mobility," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 194-203, Jan. 1999.
39. J. Berntgen, A. Behres, J. Kluth, K. Heime, W. Daumann, U. Auer, and F. J. Tegude, "Hooge parameter of InGaAs bulk material and InGaAs 2DEG quantum well structures lattice matched to InP," in Proc. 15th Int. Conf. Noise in Physical Systems and 1/f Fluctuations (ICNF'99) C. Surya Ed., pp. 250-254.
40. J. Berntgen, T. L. Lim, K. Heime, W. Daumann, U. Auer, F. J. Tegude, and A. Matulionis, "The Hooge parameter of 2DEG quantum well structures and its dependence on temperature," in Proc. 15th Int. Conf. Noise in Physical Systems and 1/f Fluctuations (ICNF'99) C. Surya Ed., pp. 291-299.
41. M. Tacano, M. Ando, I. Shibasaki, S. Hashiguchi, J. Sikula, and T. Matsui, "Dependence of Hooge parameter of InAs heterostructure on temperature," in Proc. 15th Int. Conf. Noise in Physical Systems and 1/f Fluctuations (ICNF'99) C. Surya Ed., pp. 218-221.
42. H. Ünlü, "Current transport and 1/f noise in heterojunction bipolar transistors," in Proc. 15th Int. Conf. Noise in Physical Systems and 1/f Fluctuations (ICNF'99) C. Surya Ed., pp. 295-299.
43. S. Bandyopadhyay, A. Svizhenko, and M. A. Stroscio, "Electronic noise in quantum wires," Phys. Low-Dim. Struct., vol. 3/4, pp. 1-242, 1999.
44. P. H. Handel, "Instabilities, turbulence and flicker-noise in semiconductors I, II and III," Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, vol. 21a, pp. 561-593, 1966.
45. _, "Turbulence theory for the current carriers in solids and a theory of 1/f noise," Phys. Rev., vol. A3, p. 2066, 1971.
46. +-p diodes," IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-32, no. 9, pp. 1802-1805, Sep. 1985.
47. +-p HgCdTe photodetectors and other devices," J. Vac. Sci. Technol., vol. A4, p. 2205, 1986.
48. x Te detectors," J. Vac. Sci. Technol., vol. A 7, pp. 550-554, 1989.
49. A. H. Pawlikiewicz, A. van der Ziel, G. S. Kousik, and C. M. Van Vliet, "Fundamental l/f noise in silicon bipolar transistors," Solid-State Electron., vol. 31, pp. 831-834, 1988.
50. A. van der Ziel, C. J. Hsieh, P. H. Handel, C. M. Van Vliet, and G. Bosman, "Partition l/f noise in pentodes and its quantum interpretation," Physica, vol. 145 B, pp. 195-204, 1987.
51. A. van der Ziel, "Interpretation of Schwates's experimental data on secondary emission 1/f noise," Physica, vol. 144B, p. 205, 1986.
52. + power diodes," Solid-State Electron., vol. 32, pp. 345-348, 1989.
53. P. H. Handel and A. van der Ziel, "Relativistic correction of the Hooge parameter for Umklapp 1/f noise," Physica, vol. 141B, pp. 145-147, 1986.
54. P. H. Handel, "Quantum 1/f noise in SQUIDs," in Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Noise in Physical Systems 1985 A. D'Amico and P. Mazetti Eds., pp. 489-490.
55. A. N. Cleland and M. L. Roukes, "Noise processes in nanomechanical resonators," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 92, pp. 2758-2769, 2002.
56. J. R. Vig and F. L. Walls, "Fundamental limits on the frequency instabilities of quartz crystal oscillators," in Proc. 48th Annu. Frequency Control Symp. 1994, pp. 506-523.
57. P. H. Handel, "Low frequency fluctuations in electronic transport phenomena," in Proc. NATO Advanced Study Institute on Linear and Nonlinear Electronic Transport in Solids J. T. Devreese and V. van Doren Eds., 1976, pp. 515-547.
58. J. J. Gagnepain and J. Uebersfeld, "1/f noise in quartz crystal resonators," in Proc. 1st Symp. 1/f Fluctuations T. Musha Ed., 1977, pp. 173-182.
59. T. E. Parker, "1/f frequency fluctuations in quartz acoustic resonators," in Proc. 39th Annu. Frequency Control Symp. 1985, pp. 97-106.
60. P. H. Handel, "Second annual report," AFOSR Grant No. 89-0416, July 15, 1991, p. 8.
61. F. L. Walls, P. H. Handel, R. Besson, and J. J. Gagnepain, "A new model relating resonator volume to 1/f noise in BAW quartz resonators," in Proc. 46th Annu. Frequency Control Symp. 1992, pp. 327-333.
62. P. H. Handel, "Analysis of quantum 1/f effects in frequency standards," in Proc. 46th Annu. Frequency Control Symp. 1994, pp. 539-540.
63. _, "1/f noise universality in high-technology applications," in Proc. 1994 IEEE Int. Frequency Control Symp. L. Maleki Ed., Boston, MA, pp. 8-21, (invited plenary paper).
64. J. R. Vig and Y. Kim, "Noise in microelectromechanical system resonators," IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelectr., Freq. Control, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 1558-1565, Nov. 1999.
65. C. T.-C. Nguyen, "Micromechanical resonators for oscillators and filters (invited)," in Proc. 1995 IEEE Int. Ultrasonics Symp. pp. 489-499.
66. _, "Micromachining technologies for miniaturized communication devices (invited plenary)," Proc. SPIE, Micromachining and Microfabrication, vol. 3515, pp. 24-38, 1998.
67. _, "Transceiver front-end architectures using vibrating micromechanical signal processors (invited)," in Dig. Papers Topical Meeting Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems 2001, pp. 23-32.
68. _, "Vibrating RF MEMS for low power wireless communications (invited keynote)," in Proc. 2000 Int. MEMS Workshop (iMEMS'01) pp. 21-34.
69. S. Lee, M. U. Demirci, and C. T.-C. Nguyen, "A 10-MHz micromechanical resonator Pierce reference oscillator for communications," in Dig. Tech. Papers 11th Int. Conf. Solid-State Sensors and Actuators (Transducers'01) pp. 1094-1097.
70. W.-T. Hsu, J. R. Clark, and C. T.-C. Nguyen, "Q-optimized lateral free-free beam micromechanical resonators," in Dig. Tech. Papers 11th Int. Conf. Solid-State Sensors and Actuators (Transducers'01) pp. 1110-1113.
71. K. E. Sia, "The application of piezoelectric quantum 1/f noise theory to describe the low frequency noise in ELO-GaN and n-GaN," Ph.D. dissertation, Tech. Univ. Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany, 2003.
72. E. S. Ferre-Pikal and F. L. Walls et al., in Proc. 50th Frequency Control Symp. 1996, pp. 844-851.
73. T. E. Parker and D. Andres, "1/f noise in surface acoustic wave resonators," in Proc. 48th Annu. Frequency Control Symp. 1994, pp. 530-538.
74. T. E. Parker, D. Andres, J. A. Greer, and G. T. Montress, "1/f noise in etched groove surface acoustic wave resonators," IEEE Trans. Ultrason., Ferroelectr., Freq. Control, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 853-862, Nov. 1994.
75. P. H. Handel, H. L. Hartnagel, K. E. Sia, and D. Wolf, "Connection of coherent and conventional piezoelectric quantum 1/f noise and the role of subharmonics," in Proc. 17th Int. Conf. Noise and Fluctuations (ICNF'03) J. Sikula Ed., pp. 161-166.
76. P. H. Handel, H. L. Hartnagel, K. E. Sia, U. K. Mishra, and R. York, "GaN HEMT geometry and piezoelectric quantum 1/f noise," in Proc. WOCSDICE 2004 pp. 85-87.
77. A. van der Ziel, "Generalized semiclassical quantum 1/f noise theory, I: Acceleration 1/f noise in semiconductors," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 64, pp. 903-906, 1988.
78. A. N. Birbas, Q. Peng, and A. van der Ziel A. D. van Rheenen and K. Amberiadis, "Channel-length dependence of the 1/f noise in silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors, verification of the acceleration 1/f noise process," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 64, pp. 907-912, 1988.
79. T. E. Parker, "1/f frequency fluctuations in quartz acoustic resonators," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 246-248, Feb. 1, 1985.
80. E. K. Sia, S. J. Chua, H. L. Hartnagel, and P. H. Handel, "Quantum 1/f noise in epitaxial lateral overgrown GaN: piezoelectric effect," Semicond. Sci. Technol. (U.K.) vol. 17, pp. 617-620, 2002.
81. K. Wang, A.-C. Wong, C. T.-C., and Nguyen, "VHF free-free high-Q micromechanical resonators," J. Micromech. Syst. vol. 9, pp. 347-360, 2000.