The symbolism of chemical equations

Journal of Chemical Education

Volumn 82, Issue 10, 2005, Pages 1461-

  Jensen, William B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL REACTIONS; EDUCATION; LINEAR EQUATIONS; MOLECULAR WEIGHT;

AFFINITY DIAGRAMS; ATOMIC SYMBOLISM; CHEMICAL EQUATIONS; CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM;

CHEMISTRY;

EID: 26244441134     PISSN: 00219584     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ed082p1461     Document Type: Article

References (8)

1. Fourcroy, A. Elements of Natural History and Chemistry, Vol. 1; Elliot and Kay: London, 1790; p 65. This is a translation of the 3rd French edition of 1789. More elaborate examples of these diagrams may be found in Bergman, T. A Dissertation on Elective Attractions; Murray: London, 1785. This in an English translation of the original Latin edition of 1775.
2. Lee, A. Chemical Diagrams, Accompanied by a Concise Description of Each Decomposition; Cox: London, 1833.
3. Steele, J. D. A Fourteen Weeks Course in Chemistry; Barnes: New York, NY, 1868. This was the most popular American high school text of the last quarter of the 19th century and contains more than a dozen reaction diagrams using the symbolism of Berzelius.
4. Fownes, G. A. Manual of Elementary Chemistry, Theoretical and Practical, 7th ed.; Blanchard and Lee: Philadelphia, 1864. See the preface to the first edition of 1847, p x. Dual use of both linear equations and affinity diagrams continued at least until the 10th edition of 1868.
5. Thackray, A. Atoms and Powers. An Essay on Newtonian Matter-Theory and the Development of Chemistry; Harvard: Cambridge, MA, 1970; p 276.
6. Ostwald, W. Die wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen der analytischen Chemie; Engelmann: Leipzig, 1894; p 54.
7. van't Hoff, J. H. Lectures on Theoretical and Physical Chemistry, Vol. 1; Arnold: London, 1898; p 13.
8. Marshall, H. Vorschlag, betreffend den Gebrauch modifizierter Gleichheitszeichen in der chemischen Zeichensprache. Z. physik. Chem. 1902, 41, 103-106.