Risk factors for childhood overweight

Current Opinion in Pediatrics

Volumn 17, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 648-652

  Agras, W Stewart ^a   Mascola, Anthony J ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Childhood overweight; Childhood temperament; Family influences; Fast food; Parental overweight; Sedentary behavior

Indexed keywords

BEVERAGE; BODY MASS; BREAST FEEDING; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIETARY INTAKE; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FOOD INTAKE; HUMAN; MATERNAL BEHAVIOR; META ANALYSIS; OBESITY; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIOECONOMICS; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TELEVISION;

BREAST FEEDING; CHILD; DIET; EXERCISE; FAMILY HEALTH; HUMANS; OVERWEIGHT; RISK FACTORS; SEX FACTORS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; TEMPERAMENT;

EID: 26044472131     PISSN: 10408703     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.mop.0000172818.87261.ab     Document Type: Review

References (26)

1. Wang YC, Monteiro M, Popkin BM. Trends of obesity and underweight in older children and adolescents in the United States, Brazil, China, and Russia. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 75:971-977.
2. Stunkard AJ, Berkowitz RI, Schoeller D, et al. Predictors of body size in the first 2y of life: A high-risk study of human obesity. Int J Obes 2004; 28:503-513. This is an interesting study demonstrating that energy intake and high rates of sucking behavior in infancy predicted weight gain at 2 years of age.
3. Danielzik S, Czerwinksi-Mast M, Langnase K, et al. Parental overweight, socioeconomic status and high birth-weight are major determinants of overweight and obesity in 5-7 year old children: baseline data of the Kiel Obesity Prevention Study (KOPS). Int J Obes 2004; 28:1494-1502. This study demonstrates the relationship between socioeconomic status, parental overweight, birthweight, and later childhood overweight.
4. da Viega GV, da Cunha AS, Simone A, et al. Trends in overweight among adolescents living in the poorest and richest regions of Brazil. Am J Public Health 2004; 94:1544-1548.
5. Fonseca VM, Sichieri R, Veiga GV. Fatores associados a obesidade em adolescentes. Rev Saude Publica 1998; 32:541-549.
6. Saxena S, Ambler G, Cole TJ, Majeed A. Ethnic group differences in overweight and obese children and young people in England: cross sectional survey. Arch Dis Child 2004; 89:30-36. Ethnic but not socioeconomic differences were associated with overweight.
7. Whitaker RC. Predicting preschooler obesity at birth: The role of maternal obesity in early pregnancy. Pediatrics 2004; 114:29-36. This important study illustrates the early effects of maternal obesity on their offspring, raising the issue as to how to stop the intergenerational transfer of overweight.
8. Agras WS, Hammer LD, McNicholas F, Kraemer HC. Risk factors for childhood overweight: A prospective study from birth to 9.5 years. J Pediatr 2004; 145:247-252. This prospective risk-factor study suggests that childhood temperament mediates the effects of parental overweight.
9. Agras WS, Kraemer HC, Berkowitz RI, et al. Does a vigorous feeding style influence early development of adiposity? in J Pediatr. 1987. p. 799-804. A vigorous sucking style (high blood pressure, rapid sucking) predicted overweight in early childhood.
10. Carey WB, Hegvik RL, McDevitt SC. Temperamental factors associated with rapid weight gain and obesity in middle childhood. J Dev Behav Pediatr 1988; 9:194-198.
11. Faith MS, Berkowitz MI, Stallings V, et al. Parental feeding attitudes and styles and child body mass index; prospective analysis of a gene-environment interaction. Pediatrics 2004; 114:429-436. Parental restriction of their child's feeding is beneficial for children of normal weight parents but leads to weight gain in children of overweight parents.
12. Duke RE, Bryson S, Hammer LD, Agras WS. Relationship between parental factors in infancy and parent-reported control over children's eating at age 7. Appetite 2004; 43:247-252. This is a prospective study suggesting that maternal attitudes toward feeding their children are present before the birth of the child and are not exclusively a reaction to the child's weight or feeding behavior.
13. Golan M, Crow S. Targeting Parents Exclusively in the Treatment of Childhood Obesity: Long-Term Results, Obes Res. 2004; 357-361. This long-term follow-up study suggests that targeting parents rather than children is more effective in controlling children's weight than targeting children.
14. Grummer-Strawn LM, Mei Z. Does breastfeeding protect against pediatric overweight? Analysis of longitudinal data from the centers for disease control and prevention pediatric nutritional surveillance system. Pediatrics 2004; 113:81-86. Breastfeeding was found to be protective for non-Hispanic whites but not for Hispanics or non-Hispanic blacks. Breastfeeding less than 3 months was not protective in any group.
15. Taveras EM, Scanlon KS, Birch L, et al. Association of breastfeeding with maternal control of infant feeding at age 1 year. Pediatrics 2004; 114:577-583.
16. Fisher JO, Birch LL. Restricting access to foods and children's eating. Appetite 1999; 32:405-419.
17. Jannsen I, Katzmarzyk PT, Boyce WF. Overweight and obesity in Canadian adolescents and their associations with dietary habits and physical activity patterns. J Adolesc Health 2004; 35:360-367. This large-scale study demonstrates that low physical activity and high television-viewing times were associated with higher weights in Canadian adolescents.
18. Patrick K, Norman GJ, Calfas KJ, et al. Diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviors as risk factors for overweight in adolescence. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2004; 158:385-390. Low-activity levels confer a risk for overweight.
19. Skinner JD, Bounds W, Carruth BR, et al. Predictors of children's body mass index: a longitudinal study of diet and growth in children aged 2-8 years. Int J Obes 2004; 28:476-482.
20. Thompson OM, Ballew C, Resnicow K, et al. Food purchased away from home as a predictor of change in BMI z-score among girls. Int J Obes 2004; 28:282-289. As suspected by many, two or more fast food meals per week predicted a higher BMI in adolescence but eating restaurant meals did not.
21. Ariza AJ, Chen EH, Binns HJ, Christofell KK. Risk factors for overweight in five- to six-year old Hispanic-American children: A pilot study. J Urban Health 2004; 81:150-160. Mothers of heavier children reported that their children drank more sweetened beverages than mothers of normal weight children did. This is more evidence that sweetened drinks are risk factors for overweight.
22. Melgar-Quinonez HR, Kaiser LL. Relationship of child-feeding practices to overweight in low-income Mexican-American preschool-aged children. J Am Diet Assoc 2004; 104:1110-1119. Juice intake appears to be a risk factor for childhood overweight.
23. James J, Thomas D, Cavan D, Kerr D. Preventing childhood obesity by reducing consumption of carbonated drinks: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2004; 328:1237-1243. This is an interesting, controlled intervention study demonstrating that reducing sweet drinks led to less weight gain in schoolchildren. This suggests that sweet drinks are a causal risk factor for childhood overweight.
24. Marshall SJ, Biddle SJH, Gorely T, et al. Relationships between media use, body fatness and physical activity in children and youth: A meta-analysis. Int J Obes 2004; 28:1238-1246. This important meta-analysis of 30 studies suggests that the effects of television viewing time on weight gain are significant but small.
25. Robinson TN. Reducing children's television viewing to prevent obesity: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1999; 282:1561-1567.
26. Kahneman D. A survey method for characterizing daily life experience: The day reconstruction method. Science 2004; 306:1776-1780.