메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 1-2, 2005, Pages 1-76

Cerebral monitoring in the operating room and the intensive care unit: An introductory for the clinician and a guide for the novice wanting to open a window to the brain

Author keywords

BIS Entropy Patient State Index; CEA; EEG power spectral analysis; Hypnax anesthetic effects; Narcotrend

Indexed keywords

BRAIN; CARDIOLOGY; DECISION MAKING; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; NEUROLOGY; PATIENT MONITORING; PHYSIOLOGICAL MODELS; SURGERY; BLOOD; IMPLANTS (SURGICAL); INTENSIVE CARE UNITS;

EID: 26044437993     PISSN: 13871307     EISSN: 15732614     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10877-005-0712-z     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (29)

References (129)
  • 1
    • 0016844704 scopus 로고
    • On awakening paralyzed during anesthesia, a syndrome of traumatic neurosis
    • 10.1001/jama.234.1.67
    • Blacher RS. On awakening paralyzed during anesthesia, a syndrome of traumatic neurosis. JAMA 1975; 234: 67-68. 10.1001/jama.234.1.67
    • (1975) JAMA , vol.234 , pp. 67-68
    • Blacher, R.S.1
  • 2
    • 0019419881 scopus 로고
    • Intraoperative awareness during high dose fentanyl-oxygen anesthesia
    • 7212338
    • Hilgenberg JC. Intraoperative awareness during high dose fentanyl-oxygen anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1981; 54: 341-343. 7212338
    • (1981) Anesthesiology , vol.54 , pp. 341-343
    • Hilgenberg, J.C.1
  • 3
    • 0019493353 scopus 로고
    • Prognostic implications of early multimodality evoked potentials in severely head-injured patients
    • 7252546
    • Greenberg RP, Pauline PD, Newlon G, et al. Prognostic implications of early multimodality evoked potentials in severely head-injured patients. J Neurosurg 1981; 55: 227-236. 7252546
    • (1981) J. Neurosurg. , vol.55 , pp. 227-236
    • Greenberg, R.P.1    Pauline, P.D.2    Newlon, G.3
  • 4
    • 26044472249 scopus 로고
    • Neurophysiologic evaluation and monitoring of brain function
    • Cottrell RL, Turndorf H, eds. St. Louis: Mosby
    • Greenberg RP, Griffith RL. Neurophysiologic evaluation and monitoring of brain function. In: Cottrell RL, Turndorf H, eds. Anesthesia and Neursurgery. St. Louis: Mosby, 1980: 401-420
    • (1980) Anesthesia and Neursurgery , pp. 401-420
    • Greenberg, R.P.1    Griffith, R.L.2
  • 5
    • 31144434592 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring the electroencephalogram and evoked potentials during anesthesia
    • Saidman LJ, Smith NT, eds. 2nd ed. Boston, London, Sydney, Wellington, Durban, Toronto: Butterworth
    • Levy WJ, Grundy BL, Smith NT. Monitoring the electroencephalogram and evoked potentials during anesthesia. In: Saidman LJ, Smith NT, eds. Monitoring in Anesthesia, 2nd ed. Boston, London, Sydney, Wellington, Durban, Toronto: Butterworth, 1978: 227-267
    • (1978) Monitoring in Anesthesia , pp. 227-267
    • Levy, W.J.1    Grundy, B.L.2    Smith, N.T.3
  • 6
    • 0019515805 scopus 로고
    • Intraoperative hypoxia detected by evoked potential monitoring
    • 7195166
    • Grundy B, Heros R, Tung AS, Doyles E. Intraoperative hypoxia detected by evoked potential monitoring. Anesth Analg 1981; 60: 437-439. 7195166
    • (1981) Anesth. Analg. , vol.60 , pp. 437-439
    • Grundy, B.1    Heros, R.2    Tung, A.S.3    Doyles, E.4
  • 7
    • 26044438618 scopus 로고
    • Electroencephalography and evoked potentials
    • Saidmann LJ, Smith NT, eds. London: Butterworth
    • Levy WJ, Grundy BL, Smith NT. Electroencephalography and evoked potentials. In: Saidmann LJ, Smith NT, eds. Monitoring in Anesthesia and Intensive Care. London: Butterworth, 1984: 28-59.
    • (1984) Monitoring in Anesthesia and Intensive Care , pp. 28-59
    • Levy, W.J.1    Grundy, B.L.2    Smith, N.T.3
  • 8
    • 0021954688 scopus 로고
    • EEG monitoring and evoked potentials
    • 3881115
    • Prior PF. EEG monitoring and evoked potentials. Br J Anaesth 1985; 57: 63-81. 3881115
    • (1985) Br. J. Anaesth. , vol.57 , pp. 63-81
    • Prior, P.F.1
  • 10
    • 26044474381 scopus 로고
    • Current status of electroencephalography in the practice of clinical anesthesia
    • Brechmert VL. Current status of electroencephalography in the practice of clinical anesthesia. Clin Anesth 1964: 2: 8.
    • (1964) Clin. Anesth. , vol.2 , pp. 8
    • Brechmert, V.L.1
  • 11
    • 0004289030 scopus 로고
    • Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: Elsevier
    • Fisch BJ. Spehlmanns EEG Primer. Amsterdam, New York, Oxford: Elsevier, 1993.
    • (1993) Spehlmanns EEG Primer
    • Fisch, B.J.1
  • 12
    • 0000523068 scopus 로고
    • An algorithm for the machine calculation of complex Fourier series
    • Cooley JW, Turkey JW. An algorithm for the machine calculation of complex Fourier series. Mathemat Comput 1965; 26: 429.
    • (1965) Mathemat. Comput. , vol.26 , pp. 429
    • Cooley, J.W.1    Turkey, J.W.2
  • 13
    • 0014605563 scopus 로고
    • Power specral density of the electroencephalogram during halothane and cyclopropane anesthesia in man
    • Findeiss JC, Kien JA, Huse KOW, Linde HW. Power specral density of the electroencephalogram during halothane and cyclopropane anesthesia in man. Anesth Analg 1969; 48: 108.
    • (1969) Anesth. Analg. , vol.48 , pp. 108
    • Findeiss, J.C.1    Kien, J.A.2    Huse, K.O.W.3    Linde, H.W.4
  • 14
    • 0021811777 scopus 로고
    • Evoked responses-a neurological indicator of depth of anaesthesia?
    • 4027098
    • Sebel PS, Heneghan CP, Ingram DA. Evoked responses-a neurological indicator of depth of anaesthesia? Br J Anaesth 1985; 57: 841-842. 4027098
    • (1985) Br. J. Anaesth. , vol.57 , pp. 841-842
    • Sebel, P.S.1    Heneghan, C.P.2    Ingram, D.A.3
  • 15
    • 0016927898 scopus 로고
    • Computerized frequency analysis of the EEG during induction of anaesthesia
    • Ingram GS, Payne JP, Perry IR. Computerized frequency analysis of the EEG during induction of anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1976; 48: 275.
    • (1976) Br. J. Anaesth. , vol.48 , pp. 275
    • Ingram, G.S.1    Payne, J.P.2    Perry, I.R.3
  • 16
    • 0344189734 scopus 로고
    • Electroencephalographic pattern during anesthesia with cyclopropane-correlation concentrations in arterial blood
    • Prior S, Faulcconer AJ, Bickford RG, Hunter RC. Electroencephalographic pattern during anesthesia with cyclopropane-correlation concentrations in arterial blood. Anesth Analg 1953; 32: 130.
    • (1953) Anesth. Analg. , vol.32 , pp. 130
    • Prior, S.1    Faulcconer, A.J.2    Bickford, R.G.3    Hunter, R.C.4
  • 17
    • 0021358871 scopus 로고
    • Intraoperative EEG patterns: Implications for EEG monitoring
    • 6711855
    • Levy WJ. Intraoperative EEG patterns: Implications for EEG monitoring. Anesthesiology 1984; 60: 430-434. 6711855
    • (1984) Anesthesiology , vol.60 , pp. 430-434
    • Levy, W.J.1
  • 18
    • 4243657820 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiology of cortical cells
    • DP Pipura MD Yahr (eds.) Columbia University Press New York
    • O Creutzfeld HD Lux S Watanabe 1966 Electrophysiology of cortical cells In: DP Pipura MD Yahr (eds.) The Thalamus Columbia University Press New York 209-230
    • (1966) The Thalamus , pp. 209-230
    • Creutzfeld, O.1    Lux, H.D.2    Watanabe, S.3
  • 19
    • 0001398994 scopus 로고
    • The ventro-basal complex of the thalamus: Types of cells, their response and their functional organisation
    • Andersen P, Eccles JC, Sears TA. The ventro-basal complex of the thalamus: Types of cells, their response and their functional organisation. J Physiol 1976; 174: 370-399
    • (1976) J. Physiol. , vol.174 , pp. 370-399
    • Andersen, P.1    Eccles, J.C.2    Sears, T.A.3
  • 20
    • 26044466330 scopus 로고
    • Some factors involved in the thalamic control of spontaneous barbiturate spindles
    • Andersen P, Anderrsson SA, Lamo T. Some factors involved in the thalamic control of spontaneous barbiturate spindles. J Physiol (London) 1976; 197: 257-281
    • (1976) J. Physiol. (London) , vol.197 , pp. 257-281
    • Andersen, P.1    Anderrsson, S.A.2    Lamo, T.3
  • 22
    • 0019224351 scopus 로고
    • Artifacts created by imbalanced electrode impedance
    • Gordon M. Artifacts created by imbalanced electrode impedance. Am J EEG Technol 1980; 20: 149-160
    • (1980) Am. J. EEG Technol. , vol.20 , pp. 149-160
    • Gordon, M.1
  • 23
    • 0000147667 scopus 로고
    • The ten twenty electrode system of the International Federation
    • Jasper HH. The ten twenty electrode system of the International Federation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1958; 10: 371-375.
    • (1958) Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. , vol.10 , pp. 371-375
    • Jasper, H.H.1
  • 24
    • 0001322841 scopus 로고
    • EEG recording, electrode placement, and aspects of generator localization
    • PL Numez (ed.) The Neurophysics of the EEG Oxford University Press New York
    • RD Katzudsone 1981 EEG recording, electrode placement, and aspects of generator localization In: PL Numez (ed.) Electrical Fields of the Brain. The Neurophysics of the EEG Oxford University Press New York 176-213
    • (1981) Electrical Fields of the Brain , pp. 176-213
    • Katzudsone, R.D.1
  • 25
    • 16244368351 scopus 로고
    • The aperiodic character of the electroencephalogram (EEG): A new approach to data, analysis and condensation
    • Demetrescu M. The aperiodic character of the electroencephalogram (EEG): A new approach to data, analysis and condensation. Physiologist 1975; 18: 189.
    • (1975) Physiologist , vol.18 , pp. 189
    • Demetrescu, M.1
  • 28
    • 0019194497 scopus 로고
    • Spectral edge frequency - A new correlate of anesthetic depth
    • Rampil IJ, Sasse FJ, Smith NT, et al. Spectral edge frequency - a new correlate of anesthetic depth. Anesthesiology 1980; 53: S12.
    • (1980) Anesthesiology , vol.53
    • Rampil, I.J.1    Sasse, F.J.2    Smith, N.T.3
  • 29
    • 0018749270 scopus 로고
    • Density modulation: A technique for the display of three-variable data in patient monitoring
    • 453580
    • Fleming RA, Smith NT. Density modulation: A technique for the display of three-variable data in patient monitoring. Anesthesiology 1979; 50: 543-546 453580
    • (1979) Anesthesiology , vol.50 , pp. 543-546
    • Fleming, R.A.1    Smith, N.T.2
  • 30
    • 0022468223 scopus 로고
    • An electroencephalographic processing algorithm specifically intended for analysis of cerebral activity
    • 10.1007/BF01620551
    • Gregory TG, Pettkus DC. An electroencephalographic processing algorithm specifically intended for analysis of cerebral activity. J Clin Monit 1986; 2: 190-197. 10.1007/BF01620551
    • (1986) J. Clin. Monit. , vol.2 , pp. 190-197
    • Gregory, T.G.1    Pettkus, D.C.2
  • 33
    • 0015170857 scopus 로고
    • Neuroptahological effects of different anesthetics in unconscious man
    • 5123669
    • Clark DL, Hosik EC, Rosner B. Neuroptahological effects of different anesthetics in unconscious man. J Appl Physiol 1971; 31: 884. 5123669
    • (1971) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.31 , pp. 884
    • Clark, D.L.1    Hosik, E.C.2    Rosner, B.3
  • 34
    • 26044432079 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between clinical and electroencephalographic findings during the first stage of nitrous oxide anesthesia
    • Malkin M, Eisenberg D. Correlation between clinical and electroencephalographic findings during the first stage of nitrous oxide anesthesia. J Oral Surg 1963; 38: 564.
    • (1963) J. Oral. Surg. , vol.38 , pp. 564
    • Malkin, M.1    Eisenberg, D.2
  • 35
    • 0015634535 scopus 로고
    • Neurophysiological effects of general anesthetics: 1. The electroencephalogram and its sensory evoked potentials in man
    • Clark DL, Rosner BS. Neurophysiological effects of general anesthetics: 1. The electroencephalogram and its sensory evoked potentials in man. Anesthesiology 1972; 38: 564.
    • (1972) Anesthesiology , vol.38 , pp. 564
    • Clark, D.L.1    Rosner, B.S.2
  • 38
    • 0015338075 scopus 로고
    • A new anesthetic agent-forane (isoflurane): Preliminary observations in man
    • 4260598
    • Homi J, Kouchigeri HM, Eckenhoff JB, Linde HW. A new anesthetic agent-forane (isoflurane): Preliminary observations in man. Anesth Analg 1972; 51: 439. 4260598
    • (1972) Anesth. Analg. , vol.51 , pp. 439
    • Homi, J.1    Kouchigeri, H.M.2    Eckenhoff, J.B.3    Linde, H.W.4
  • 39
    • 0015157491 scopus 로고
    • The electroencephalogram in man anesthetized with Forane
    • Eger II EI, Stevens WC, Cromwell TH. The electroencephalogram in man anesthetized with Forane. Anesthesiology 1971; 53: 504-508
    • (1971) Anesthesiology , vol.53 , pp. 504-508
    • Eger II, E.I.1    Stevens, W.C.2    Cromwell, T.H.3
  • 40
    • 0017163732 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between dominant EEG frequency, cerebral oxygen uptake and blood flow
    • 10.1016/0013-4694(76)90119-X
    • Ingvar DH, Spolund B, Ardo A. Correlation between dominant EEG frequency, cerebral oxygen uptake and blood flow. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 1976; 41: 268-276. 10.1016/0013-4694(76)90119-X
    • (1976) Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. , vol.41 , pp. 268-276
    • Ingvar, D.H.1    Spolund, B.2    Ardo, A.3
  • 41
    • 26044462368 scopus 로고
    • Effect of carbon dioxide on the brain excitability and electrolytes
    • Woodburn DM, Rollins LT, Gardner MD. Effect of carbon dioxide on the brain excitability and electrolytes. J Physiol (London) 1957; 129: 798.
    • (1957) J. Physiol. (London) , vol.129 , pp. 798
    • Woodburn, D.M.1    Rollins, L.T.2    Gardner, M.D.3
  • 42
    • 84979132433 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic acidosis during profound hypothermia
    • Burton, GW, Metabolic acidosis during profound hypothermia. Anaesthesia 1964; 19: 118.
    • (1964) Anaesthesia , vol.19 , pp. 118
    • Burton, G.W.1
  • 43
    • 0017365309 scopus 로고
    • The influence of intravenous anaesthetics on enflurane-induced central nervous system seizure ativity
    • 832180
    • Darimont PC, Jenkins LC. The influence of intravenous anaesthetics on enflurane-induced central nervous system seizure ativity. Can Anaesth Soc J 1977; 24: 42. 832180
    • (1977) Can. Anaesth. Soc. J. , vol.24 , pp. 42
    • Darimont, P.C.1    Jenkins, L.C.2
  • 44
    • 2342553816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No difference in electroencephalographic power spectra or sensory-evoked potentials in patients anaesthetized with desflurane or sevoflurane
    • 10.1017/S0265021504005046
    • Freye E, Brückner J, Latasch L. No difference in electroencephalographic power spectra or sensory-evoked potentials in patients anaesthetized with desflurane or sevoflurane. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2004; 21: 373-378. 10.1017/S0265021504005046
    • (2004) Eur. J. Anaesthesiol. , vol.21 , pp. 373-378
    • Freye, E.1    Brückner, J.2    Latasch, L.3
  • 45
    • 0000761453 scopus 로고
    • The sleep waking cycle
    • Moruzzi G. The sleep waking cycle. Rev Physiol 1972; 4: 2-145.
    • (1972) Rev. Physiol. , vol.4 , pp. 2-145
    • Moruzzi, G.1
  • 46
    • 0017394734 scopus 로고
    • Etomidate: A clinical and electroencephalographic comparison with thiopental
    • Ghonneim MM, Yamada T. Etomidate: A clinical and electroencephalographic comparison with thiopental. Anesth Analg 1977; 57: 479.
    • (1977) Anesth. Analg. , vol.57 , pp. 479
    • Ghonneim, M.M.1    Yamada, T.2
  • 47
    • 0019511733 scopus 로고
    • Effects of high dose fentanyl anesthesia on the electroencephalogram
    • 7270948
    • Sebel PS, Bovill JG, Wauquier A, Rog P. Effects of high dose fentanyl anesthesia on the electroencephalogram. Anesthesiology 1981; 55: 203-211. 7270948
    • (1981) Anesthesiology , vol.55 , pp. 203-211
    • Sebel, P.S.1    Bovill, J.G.2    Wauquier, A.3    Rog, P.4
  • 48
    • 0021365390 scopus 로고
    • EEGs during high-dose fentanyl, sufentanil-, or morphine-oxygen anesthesia
    • 6230952
    • Smith NT, Dec-Siilver H, Sanford TJ, et al. EEGs during high-dose fentanyl, sufentanil-, or morphine-oxygen anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1984; 63: 386. 6230952
    • (1984) Anesth. Analg. , vol.63 , pp. 386
    • Smith, N.T.1    Dec-Siilver, H.2    Sanford, T.J.3
  • 50
    • 0021021432 scopus 로고
    • Influence of high-dose alfentanil in anaesthesia on the electroencephalogram: Correlation with plasma concentrations
    • 6418194
    • Bovill JG, Sebel PS, Wauquier A, et al. Influence of high-dose alfentanil in anaesthesia on the electroencephalogram: Correlation with plasma concentrations. Br J Anaesth 1983; 55: 199S-209S. 6418194
    • (1983) Br. J. Anaesth. , vol.55
    • Bovill, J.G.1    Sebel, P.S.2    Wauquier, A.3
  • 51
    • 0018872705 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovasclar effects on selective perfusion of the fourth cerebral ventricle in cats with fentanyl, naloxone and methohexital
    • Freye E, Gupta BN. Cardiovasclar effects on selective perfusion of the fourth cerebral ventricle in cats with fentanyl, naloxone and methohexital. Ind J Exp Biol 1980; 18: 29-31
    • (1980) Ind. J. Exp. Biol. , vol.18 , pp. 29-31
    • Freye, E.1    Gupta, B.N.2
  • 52
    • 0018779379 scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of cardiovascular, neurological, and metabolic side effects of eight narcotics in dogs
    • 382728
    • De Castro J, Van de Water A, Wouters L, et al. Comparative study of cardiovascular, neurological, and metabolic side effects of eight narcotics in dogs. Acta Anaesth Belg 1979; 30: 5-99. 382728
    • (1979) Acta Anaesth. Belg. , vol.30 , pp. 5-99
    • De Castro, J.1    Van de Water, A.2    Wouters, L.3
  • 53
    • 0025907775 scopus 로고
    • Electroencephalographic quantitation of opioid effects: Comparative pharmacodynamics of fentanyl and sufentanil
    • 1670913
    • Scott JG, Cooke JE, Stanski DR. Electroencephalographic quantitation of opioid effects: Comparative pharmacodynamics of fentanyl and sufentanil. Anesthesiology 1991; 74: 34-42. 1670913
    • (1991) Anesthesiology , vol.74 , pp. 34-42
    • Scott, J.G.1    Cooke, J.E.2    Stanski, D.R.3
  • 54
    • 0021958814 scopus 로고
    • Lipid solubility, pharmacokinetics and the EEG: Are you better off today when you were years ago?
    • 3919612
    • Hug CLJ. Lipid solubility, pharmacokinetics and the EEG: Are you better off today when you were years ago? Anesthesiology 1985; 62: 221-225. 3919612
    • (1985) Anesthesiology , vol.62 , pp. 221-225
    • Hug, C.L.J.1
  • 55
    • 26044460738 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic and electroenecphalographic confirmation of alfentanils short duration
    • Howie M, Kyre J, Hoffer L, et al. Pharmacokinetic and electroenecphalographic confirmation of alfentanils short duration. Anesthesiology 1983; 59: A318.
    • (1983) Anesthesiology , vol.59
    • Howie, M.1    Kyre, J.2    Hoffer, L.3
  • 56
    • 0021979044 scopus 로고
    • EEG quantification of narcotic effect: The comparative pharmacodynamics of fentanyl and alfentanil
    • 3919613
    • Scott JC, Ponganis KV, Stanski DR. EEG quantification of narcotic effect: The comparative pharmacodynamics of fentanyl and alfentanil. Anesthesiology 1985; 62: 234-241. 3919613
    • (1985) Anesthesiology , vol.62 , pp. 234-241
    • Scott, J.C.1    Ponganis, K.V.2    Stanski, D.R.3
  • 58
    • 26044475510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tramadol produces analgesia, inmproves cognitive function and increases power in the fast EEG spectrum in elderly patients with osteoarthritis
    • submitted for publication
    • Freye E, Levy JV. Tramadol produces analgesia, inmproves cognitive function and increases power in the fast EEG spectrum in elderly patients with osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 2005; submitted for publication.
    • (2005) J. Rheumatol.
    • Freye, E.1    Levy, J.V.2
  • 60
    • 0002091447 scopus 로고
    • On difference between 1,5- and 1,4-benzodiazepines: Pharmaco EEG and psychometric studies with clobazepam and lorazepam
    • I Hindmarch PD Stormer ED Trimble (eds.) Royal Soc Med Int Cong Symp Series London
    • B Saletu J Grünberger P Berner D Koeppen 1985 On difference between 1,5- and 1,4-benzodiazepines: Pharmaco EEG and psychometric studies with clobazepam and lorazepam In: I Hindmarch PD Stormer ED Trimble (eds.) Human Pharmacology and Clinical Application Royal Soc Med Int Cong Symp Series London 23-46
    • (1985) Human Pharmacology and Clinical Application , pp. 23-46
    • Saletu, B.1    Grünberger, J.2    Berner, P.3    Koeppen, D.4
  • 61
    • 0023905316 scopus 로고
    • An open comparison of propofol and enflurane for prolonged abdominal operations
    • 3259085
    • Hartung E, Freye E. An open comparison of propofol and enflurane for prolonged abdominal operations. Anaesthesia 1988; 43: 105-107. 3259085
    • (1988) Anaesthesia , vol.43 , pp. 105-107
    • Hartung, E.1    Freye, E.2
  • 62
    • 0015851928 scopus 로고
    • Ketamine-induced electroconvulsive phenomena in the human limb and thalamic regions
    • 4707578
    • Ferrer-Allado T, Brechner VL, Dymond H. Ketamine-induced electroconvulsive phenomena in the human limb and thalamic regions. Anesthesiology 1973; 38: 333. 4707578
    • (1973) Anesthesiology , vol.38 , pp. 333
    • Ferrer-Allado, T.1    Brechner, V.L.2    Dymond, H.3
  • 63
    • 0015444345 scopus 로고
    • Ketamine-induced convulsion
    • Thompson GE. Ketamine-induced convulsion. Anesthesiology 1972; 37: 662.
    • (1972) Anesthesiology , vol.37 , pp. 662
    • Thompson, G.E.1
  • 64
    • 0021959132 scopus 로고
    • Comparative pharmacology of the ketamine isomers
    • 3970799
    • White PF, Schüttler J, Shafer A, et al. Comparative pharmacology of the ketamine isomers. Br J Anaesth 1985; 57: 197-203. 3970799
    • (1985) Br. J. Anaesth. , vol.57 , pp. 197-203
    • White, P.F.1    Schüttler, J.2    Shafer, A.3
  • 65
    • 0023604591 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamic modeling of the EEG effects of ketamine and its enantiomers in man
    • 10.1007/BF01066320
    • Schüttler J, Stanski DR, White PF, et al. Pharmacodynamic modeling of the EEG effects of ketamine and its enantiomers in man. J Phamacokinet Biopharm 1987; 15: 241-253. 10.1007/BF01066320
    • (1987) J. Phamacokinet. Biopharm. , vol.15 , pp. 241-253
    • Schüttler, J.1    Stanski, D.R.2    White, P.F.3
  • 66
    • 0020678303 scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of computerized EEG analysis during carotid endarterctomy
    • Rampil IJ, Holzer JA, Quest DO, et al. Prognostic value of computerized EEG analysis during carotid endarterctomy. Anesth Analg 1974; 62: 186-192
    • (1974) Anesth. Analg. , vol.62 , pp. 186-192
    • Rampil, I.J.1    Holzer, J.A.2    Quest, D.O.3
  • 67
    • 0016159268 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral blood flow measurements and electroencephalograms during carotid endarterectomy
    • 4412366
    • Smidt M, Sharborough FW, Andrson RE, Michenfelder JD. Cerebral blood flow measurements and electroencephalograms during carotid endarterectomy. J Neurosurg 1974; 41: 310-320. 4412366
    • (1974) J. Neurosurg. , vol.41 , pp. 310-320
    • Smidt, M.1    Sharborough, F.W.2    Andrson, R.E.3    Michenfelder, J.D.4
  • 68
    • 0015549371 scopus 로고
    • Relation between EEG regional cerebral blood flow and internal carotid artery endarterectomy
    • 10.1016/0013-4694(73)90151-X
    • Trojabard W, Boysen G. Relation between EEG regional cerebral blood flow and internal carotid artery endarterectomy. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 1973; 34: 61. 10.1016/0013-4694(73)90151-X
    • (1973) Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. , vol.34 , pp. 61
    • Trojabard, W.1    Boysen, G.2
  • 70
    • 0020537948 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a new cerebral function monitor during open-heart surgery
    • Silvay G, Mindlich BP, Owitz S, et al. Evaluation of a new cerebral function monitor during open-heart surgery. MSJM 1983; 546: 44-47.
    • (1983) MSJM , vol.546 , pp. 44-47
    • Silvay, G.1    Mindlich, B.P.2    Owitz, S.3
  • 71
    • 0015793460 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of continuous electroencephalograms with cerebral blood flow measurements during carotid endarterctomy
    • 4723697
    • Sharborough FW, Messick JM, Smidt TM. Correlation of continuous electroencephalograms with cerebral blood flow measurements during carotid endarterctomy. Stroke 1973; 4: 674-683. 4723697
    • (1973) Stroke , vol.4 , pp. 674-683
    • Sharborough, F.W.1    Messick, J.M.2    Smidt, T.M.3
  • 72
    • 0028938324 scopus 로고
    • Endarterectomy or asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis
    • Study ECftACA. 7723155
    • Study ECftACA. Endarterectomy or asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. JAMA 1995; 273: 1421-1428. 7723155
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.273 , pp. 1421-1428
  • 73
    • 0028954526 scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for carotid endarterectomy
    • 7839390
    • Moore WS, Barnett HJM, Beebe HG, et al. Guidelines for carotid endarterectomy. Stroke 1995; 26: 188-201. 7839390
    • (1995) Stroke , vol.26 , pp. 188-201
    • Moore, W.S.1    Barnett, H.J.M.2    Beebe, H.G.3
  • 74
    • 0344589352 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring of median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials in carotid surgery
    • Wober C, Zeitlhofer J, Asenbaum S, et al. Monitoring of median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials in carotid surgery. J Clin Neurophysiol 1989; 15: 429-438.
    • (1989) J. Clin. Neurophysiol. , vol.15 , pp. 429-438
    • Wober, C.1    Zeitlhofer, J.2    Asenbaum, S.3
  • 75
    • 0021804228 scopus 로고
    • Benefits, shortcomings and costs of EEG monitoring
    • 3923954
    • Green RM, Messick WJ, Ricotta JJ, et al. Benefits, shortcomings and costs of EEG monitoring. Ann Surg 1985; 201: 785-792. 3923954
    • (1985) Ann. Surg. , vol.201 , pp. 785-792
    • Green, R.M.1    Messick, W.J.2    Ricotta, J.J.3
  • 76
    • 0025904780 scopus 로고
    • Limitations of electroencephalographic monitoring in the detection of cerebral ischemia accompanying carotid endarterectomy
    • 10.1067/mva.1991.26500
    • Kresowik TF, Worsey J, Khoury MD, et al. Limitations of electroencephalographic monitoring in the detection of cerebral ischemia accompanying carotid endarterectomy. J Vasc Surg 1991; 13: 439-443. 10.1067/mva.1991.26500
    • (1991) J. Vasc. Surg. , vol.13 , pp. 439-443
    • Kresowik, T.F.1    Worsey, J.2    Khoury, M.D.3
  • 77
    • 0022461879 scopus 로고
    • Multicenter retrospective review of results and complications of carotid endarterectomy in 1981
    • Fode NC, Sundt TM, Robertson JT, et al. Multicenter retrospective review of results and complications of carotid endarterectomy in 1981. Stroke 1986; 17: 370-376.
    • (1986) Stroke , vol.17 , pp. 370-376
    • Fode, N.C.1    Sundt, T.M.2    Robertson, J.T.3
  • 78
    • 0023691895 scopus 로고
    • EEG monitoring, selective shunting and patch graft angioplasty in carotid endarterectomy. Early and longterm results
    • Deriu GP, Ballotta EN, Franceschi L, et al. EEG monitoring, selective shunting and patch graft angioplasty in carotid endarterectomy. Early and longterm results. J Cardiovasc Surg 1988; 29: 499-508.
    • (1988) J. Cardiovasc. Surg. , vol.29 , pp. 499-508
    • Deriu, G.P.1    Ballotta, E.N.2    Franceschi, L.3
  • 79
    • 0027427591 scopus 로고
    • Intraoperative electroencephalography
    • 8308142
    • Nuwer MR. Intraoperative electroencephalography. J Clin Neurophysiol 1993; 10: 437-444. 8308142
    • (1993) J. Clin. Neurophysiol. , vol.10 , pp. 437-444
    • Nuwer, M.R.1
  • 80
    • 0030729355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of postoperative thrombotic stroke after carotid endarterectomy: The role of transcranial Doppler ultrasound
    • 9357457
    • Lennard N, Smith J, Dumville J, et al. Prevention of postoperative thrombotic stroke after carotid endarterectomy: The role of transcranial Doppler ultrasound. J Vasc Surg 1997; 26: 579-584. 9357457
    • (1997) J. Vasc. Surg. , vol.26 , pp. 579-584
    • Lennard, N.1    Smith, J.2    Dumville, J.3
  • 81
    • 0020471395 scopus 로고
    • Intra-operative monitoring and internal shunts: Are they necessary in carotid endarterctomy?
    • 7080119
    • Ferguson GG. Intra-operative monitoring and internal shunts: Are they necessary in carotid endarterctomy? Stroke 1982; 13: 287. 7080119
    • (1982) Stroke , vol.13 , pp. 287
    • Ferguson, G.G.1
  • 82
    • 85062142755 scopus 로고
    • Electroenecephalographic and neurologic correlates of deep hypothermia and circular asrrest in infants
    • Cohen ME, Olzowska JS, Subramamian S. Electroenecephalographic and neurologic correlates of deep hypothermia and circular asrrest in infants. Ann Thorac Surg 1978; 20: 238-244
    • (1978) Ann. Thorac. Surg. , vol.20 , pp. 238-244
    • Cohen, M.E.1    Olzowska, J.S.2    Subramamian, S.3
  • 83
    • 85062133844 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of neurological damage during open-heart surgery
    • Branthwaite MA. Prevention of neurological damage during open-heart surgery. Thorax 1977; 20: 258-261
    • (1977) Thorax , vol.20 , pp. 258-261
    • Branthwaite, M.A.1
  • 84
    • 0027405131 scopus 로고
    • Topographisch-quantitative EEG-Analyse der paradoxen Arousalreaktion
    • Bischoff P, Kochs E, Droese D, et al. Topographisch-quantitative EEG-Analyse der paradoxen Arousalreaktion. Anästhesist 1993; 42: 142-148.
    • (1993) Anästhesist , vol.42 , pp. 142-148
    • Bischoff, P.1    Kochs, E.2    Droese, D.3
  • 85
    • 0030070858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraoperative EEG changes in relation to the surgical procedure during isoflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia: Hysterectomy versus mastectomy
    • 10.1016/0952-8180(95)00170-0
    • Bischoff P, Kochs E, Haferkorn D, Schulte am Esch J. Intraoperative EEG changes in relation to the surgical procedure during isoflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia: Hysterectomy versus mastectomy. J Clin Anesth 1996; 8: 36-43. 10.1016/0952-8180(95)00170-0
    • (1996) J. Clin. Anesth. , vol.8 , pp. 36-43
    • Bischoff, P.1    Kochs, E.2    Haferkorn, D.3    Schulte am Esch, J.4
  • 86
    • 0028271915 scopus 로고
    • Surgical stimulation induces changes in brain electrical activity during isoflurane/nitrous oxide anesthesia. A topographic electroencephalographic analysis
    • Kochs E, Bischoff P, Pichlmeier U, Schulte am Esch J. Surgical stimulation induces changes in brain electrical activity during isoflurane/nitrous oxide anesthesia. A topographic electroencephalographic analysis. Anesthesiology 1994; 80: 1026-1034
    • (1994) Anesthesiology , vol.80 , pp. 1026-1034
    • Kochs, E.1    Bischoff, P.2    Pichlmeier, U.3    Schulte am Esch, J.4
  • 88
    • 84919977190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BIS speeds awakening of pediatric patients having dental restorations under general anesthesia
    • S1 S221
    • Messieha ZS, Ananda RC, Hoffman WE, et al. BIS speeds awakening of pediatric patients having dental restorations under general anesthesia. Anesth Analg 2004; 98: S1, S221, S82.
    • (2004) Anesth. Analg. , vol.98
    • Messieha, Z.S.1    Ananda, R.C.2    Hoffman, W.E.3
  • 89
    • 85062142499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of Patient State Index (PSI) and Bispectral Index (BIS) values during the recovery period after outpatient surgery
    • S1, S125
    • Tang J, White PF, Wender RH. Assessment of Patient State Index (PSI) and Bispectral Index (BIS) values during the recovery period after outpatient surgery. Anesth Analg 2004; 98: S1, S125, S282.
    • (2004) Anesth. Analg. , vol.98
    • Tang, J.1    White, P.F.2    Wender, R.H.3
  • 90
    • 0013504883 scopus 로고
    • EEG bispectrum predicts movement at incision during isoflurane or propofol anesthesia
    • Vernon J, Bowles S, Sebel PS, Chamoun N. EEG bispectrum predicts movement at incision during isoflurane or propofol anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1992; 77: A502.
    • (1992) Anesthesiology , vol.77
    • Vernon, J.1    Bowles, S.2    Sebel, P.S.3    Chamoun, N.4
  • 91
    • 0344653602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bispectral analysis of the electroencephalogram predicts conscious processing of information during propofol sedation and hypnosis
    • 10.1097/00000542-199801000-00007
    • Kearse L, Rosow C, Zaslavsky A, et al. Bispectral analysis of the electroencephalogram predicts conscious processing of information during propofol sedation and hypnosis. Anesthesiology 1998; 88: 25-43. 10.1097/ 00000542-199801000-00007
    • (1998) Anesthesiology , vol.88 , pp. 25-43
    • Kearse, L.1    Rosow, C.2    Zaslavsky, A.3
  • 92
    • 0942301424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bispectral Index monitoring quantifies depth of sedation during emergency dept procedural sedation and analgesia in children
    • 10.1016/S0196-0644(03)00721-2
    • Agrawal D, Feldman HA, Krauss B, Waltzman ML. Bispectral Index monitoring quantifies depth of sedation during emergency dept procedural sedation and analgesia in children. Ann Emerg Med 2004; 43: 247-255. 10.1016/S0196-0644(03)00721-2
    • (2004) Ann. Emerg. Med. , vol.43 , pp. 247-255
    • Agrawal, D.1    Feldman, H.A.2    Krauss, B.3    Waltzman, M.L.4
  • 93
    • 0346336769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on hypnosis in patients anaesthetized with propofol and alfentanil
    • 10.1093/bja/aeh021
    • Ahonen J, Sahlman A, Yli-Hankala A, et al. No effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on hypnosis in patients anaesthetized with propofol and alfentanil. Br J Anaesth 2004; 92: 137-139. 10.1093/bja/aeh021
    • (2004) Br. J. Anaesth. , vol.92 , pp. 137-139
    • Ahonen, J.1    Sahlman, A.2    Yli-Hankala, A.3
  • 94
    • 0347473802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in the incidence of awareness using BIS monitoring
    • 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2004.00260.x
    • Ekman A, Lindholm ML, Lennmarken C, Sandin R. Reduction in the incidence of awareness using BIS monitoring. Acta Anaesth Scand 2004; 48: 20-26. 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2004.00260.x
    • (2004) Acta Anaesth. Scand. , vol.48 , pp. 20-26
    • Ekman, A.1    Lindholm, M.L.2    Lennmarken, C.3    Sandin, R.4
  • 95
    • 0032820360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bispectral Index: Better information for sedation in the intensive care unit?
    • 10.1097/00003246-199908000-00056
    • Shapiro BA. Bispectral Index: Better information for sedation in the intensive care unit? Crit Care Med 1999; 27: 1663-1664. 10.1097/ 00003246-199908000-00056
    • (1999) Crit. Care Med. , vol.27 , pp. 1663-1664
    • Shapiro, B.A.1
  • 96
    • 26044438369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous BIS-EEG monitoring to evaluate depth of sedation in critically ill patients
    • Jaspers L, De Deyne C, Sels L, et al. Continuous BIS-EEG monitoring to evaluate depth of sedation in critically ill patients. Int Care Med 1999; 25: S251.
    • (1999) Int. Care Med. , vol.25
    • Jaspers, L.1    De Deyne, C.2    Sels, L.3
  • 97
    • 0036314635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sedation in the intensive care unit: Refining models and defining questions
    • 10.1097/00003246-200207000-00049
    • Riker RR, Fraser GL. Sedation in the intensive care unit: Refining models and defining questions. Crit Care Med 2002; 30: 1661-1663. 10.1097/00003246-200207000-00049
    • (2002) Crit. Care Med. , vol.30 , pp. 1661-1663
    • Riker, R.R.1    Fraser, G.L.2
  • 98
    • 0742289470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation between fentanyl dose and predicted EC50 of propofol for laryngeal mask insertion
    • 10.1093/bja/aeh033
    • Kodaka M, Okamotot Y, Handa F, et al. Relation between fentanyl dose and predicted EC50 of propofol for laryngeal mask insertion. Br J Anaesth 2004; 92: 238-241. 10.1093/bja/aeh033
    • (2004) Br. J Anaesth. , vol.92 , pp. 238-241
    • Kodaka, M.1    Okamotot, Y.2    Handa, F.3
  • 99
    • 0346102657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing propofol induction of anesthesia dose using Bispectral Index analysis
    • 10.1213/01.ANE.0000090314.43496.1D
    • Gurses E, Sungurtekin H, Tomatir E, Dogan H. Assessing propofol induction of anesthesia dose using Bispectral Index analysis. Anesth Analg 2004; 98: 128-131. 10.1213/01.ANE.0000090314.43496.1D
    • (2004) Anesth. Analg. , vol.98 , pp. 128-131
    • Gurses, E.1    Sungurtekin, H.2    Tomatir, E.3    Dogan, H.4
  • 100
    • 0000647028 scopus 로고
    • Bispectral analysis of EEG may predict anesthetic depth during narcotic induction
    • Kearse L, Saini V, deBros F, Chamoun N. Bispectral analysis of EEG may predict anesthetic depth during narcotic induction. Anesthesiology 1991; 75: A175.
    • (1991) Anesthesiology , vol.75
    • Kearse, L.1    Saini, V.2    deBros, F.3    Chamoun, N.4
  • 101
    • 4243974876 scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of EEG in predicting movement at incision during isoflurane anesthesia
    • Sebel PS, Bowles S, Saini V, Chamoun N. Accuracy of EEG in predicting movement at incision during isoflurane anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1991; 75: A446.
    • (1991) Anesthesiology , vol.75
    • Sebel, P.S.1    Bowles, S.2    Saini, V.3    Chamoun, N.4
  • 102
    • 0013504883 scopus 로고
    • EEG bispectrum predicts movement at incision during isoflurane or propofol anesthesia
    • Vernon J, Bowles S, Sebel PS, Chamoun N. EEG bispectrum predicts movement at incision during isoflurane or propofol anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1992; 77: A502.
    • (1992) Anesthesiology , vol.77
    • Vernon, J.1    Bowles, S.2    Sebel, P.S.3    Chamoun, N.4
  • 103
    • 0031876291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative EEG correlations with brain glucose metabolic rate during anesthesia in volunteers
    • 10.1097/00000542-199808000-00007
    • Alkire MT. Quantitative EEG correlations with brain glucose metabolic rate during anesthesia in volunteers. Anesthesiology 1998; 89: 323-333. 10.1097/00000542-199808000-00007
    • (1998) Anesthesiology , vol.89 , pp. 323-333
    • Alkire, M.T.1
  • 104
    • 0347285537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entropy during propofol hypnosis including an episode of wakefulness
    • 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.03523.x
    • Anderson RE, Barr G, Owell A, Jakobsson J. Entropy during propofol hypnosis including an episode of wakefulness. Anaesthesia 2004; 59: 52-56. 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.03523.x
    • (2004) Anaesthesia , vol.59 , pp. 52-56
    • Anderson, R.E.1    Barr, G.2    Owell, A.3    Jakobsson, J.4
  • 105
    • 26044434534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of mild hypothermia on state and response entropy and Bispectral Index (BIS) values during cardiopulmonary bypass
    • Bein BH, Caliebe D, Tonner PH, et al. Influence of mild hypothermia on state and response entropy and Bispectral Index (BIS) values during cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesthesiology 2003; 99: A327.
    • (2003) Anesthesiology , vol.99
    • Bein, B.H.1    Caliebe, D.2    Tonner, P.H.3
  • 106
    • 0141432147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ability of BIS, spectral entropy and predicted propofol concentrations to measure patient responsiveness during anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil
    • 10.1097/00000542-200310000-00010
    • Struys MVA, Mortier E. The ability of BIS, spectral entropy and predicted propofol concentrations to measure patient responsiveness during anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil. Anesthesiology 2003; 99: A346. 10.1097/00000542-200310000-00010
    • (2003) Anesthesiology , vol.99
    • Struys, M.V.A.1    Mortier, E.2
  • 107
    • 0342980314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approximate entropy as an electroencephalographic measure of anesthetic drug effect during desflurane anesthesia
    • 10.1097/00000542-200003000-00016
    • Bruhn J, Ropcke H, Hoeft A. Approximate entropy as an electroencephalographic measure of anesthetic drug effect during desflurane anesthesia. Anesthesiology 2000; 92: 715-726. 10.1097/ 00000542-200003000-00016
    • (2000) Anesthesiology , vol.92 , pp. 715-726
    • Bruhn, J.1    Ropcke, H.2    Hoeft, A.3
  • 108
    • 0023483295 scopus 로고
    • Changes in EEG spectral edge frequency correlate with the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation
    • 3605720
    • Rampil IJ, Matteo RS. Changes in EEG spectral edge frequency correlate with the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation. Anesthesiology 1987; 67: 139-142. 3605720
    • (1987) Anesthesiology , vol.67 , pp. 139-142
    • Rampil, I.J.1    Matteo, R.S.2
  • 109
    • 0018909818 scopus 로고
    • Untersuchungen über verschiedene EEG-Parameter als Indikatoren des Narkosezustands
    • 7416445
    • Schwilden H, Stoeckel H. Untersuchungen über verschiedene EEG-Parameter als Indikatoren des Narkosezustands. Anästh Intensivther Notfallmed 1980; 15: 7416445
    • (1980) Anästh Intensivther Notfallmed , vol.15 , pp. 279-286
    • Schwilden, H.1    Stoeckel, H.2
  • 110
    • 0030963250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicenter study of bispectral electroencephalogram analysis for monitoring anesthetic effect
    • 10.1097/00000539-199704000-00035
    • Sebel PS, Lang E, Rampil IJ, et al. A multicenter study of bispectral electroencephalogram analysis for monitoring anesthetic effect. Anesth Analg 1997; 84: 891-899. 10.1097/00000539-199704000-00035
    • (1997) Anesth. Analg. , vol.84 , pp. 891-899
    • Sebel, P.S.1    Lang, E.2    Rampil, I.J.3
  • 111
    • 0033779447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electroencephalogram approximate entropy correctly classifies the occurrence of burst suppression pattern as increasing anesthetic drug effect
    • 10.1097/00000542-200010000-00018
    • Bruhn J, Ropcke H, Rehberg B, et al. Electroencephalogram approximate entropy correctly classifies the occurrence of burst suppression pattern as increasing anesthetic drug effect. Anesthesiology 2000; 93: 981-985. 10.1097/00000542-200010000-00018
    • (2000) Anesthesiology , vol.93 , pp. 981-985
    • Bruhn, J.1    Ropcke, H.2    Rehberg, B.3
  • 113
    • 0035396429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a theory of the general-anesthetic-induced phase transition of the cerebral cortex. II. Numerical simulations, spectral entropy, and correlation times
    • Steyn-Ross DA, Steyn-Ross ML, Wilcocks LC, Sleigh JW. Toward a theory of the general-anesthetic-induced phase transition of the cerebral cortex. II. Numerical simulations, spectral entropy, and correlation times. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2001; 64: 011918.
    • (2001) Phys. Rev. E. Stat. Nonlin. Soft. Matter. Phys. , vol.64 , pp. 011918
    • Steyn-Ross, D.A.1    Steyn-Ross, M.L.2    Wilcocks, L.C.3    Sleigh, J.W.4
  • 114
    • 1342310811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient State Index (PSI) measures depth of sedation in intensive care patients
    • 10.1007/s00134-003-2092-5
    • Schneider G, Heglmeier S, Schneider J, et al. Patient State Index (PSI) measures depth of sedation in intensive care patients. Int Care Med 2004; 30: 213-216. 10.1007/s00134-003-2092-5
    • (2004) Int. Care Med. , vol.30 , pp. 213-216
    • Schneider, G.1    Heglmeier, S.2    Schneider, J.3
  • 115
    • 85062142499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of Patient State Index (PSI) and Bispectral Index (BIS) values during the recovery period after outpatient surgery
    • S1, S125
    • Tang J, White PF, Wender RH. Assessment of Patient State Index (PSI) and Bispectral Index (BIS) values during the recovery period after outpatient surgery. Anesth Analg 2004; 98: S1, S125, S282.
    • (2004) Anesth. Analg. , vol.98
    • Tang, J.1    White, P.F.2    Wender, R.H.3
  • 116
    • 26044455010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of addition of N20 on BIS and PSI during a stable sevoflurane anesthetic
    • Soto RG, Fu ES, Creighton DD. The impact of addition of N20 on BIS and PSI during a stable sevoflurane anesthetic. Anesthesiology 2003; 99: A319.
    • (2003) Anesthesiology , vol.99
    • Soto, R.G.1    Fu, E.S.2    Creighton, D.D.3
  • 118
    • 26044440742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Narcotrend and Bispectral Index TM to indicate different conditions of anesthesia
    • Bischoff P, Schmidt GN, Jensen K, et al. Narcotrend and Bispectral Index TM to indicate different conditions of anesthesia. Anesthesiology 2002; 97: A541.
    • (2002) Anesthesiology , vol.97
    • Bischoff, P.1    Schmidt, G.N.2    Jensen, K.3
  • 119
    • 0012812438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Narcotrend a new EEG monitor allows faster emergence and a reduction of drug consumption in propofol/remifentanil anesthesia comparison with Bispectral Index monitoring and a Standard Anesthetic Practice Group
    • Kreuer S, Biedler A, Larsen R, et al. The Narcotrend a new EEG monitor allows faster emergence and a reduction of drug consumption in propofol/ remifentanil anesthesia comparison with Bispectral Index monitoring and a Standard Anesthetic Practice Group. Anesthesiology 2002; 97: A1143.
    • (2002) Anesthesiology , vol.97
    • Kreuer, S.1    Biedler, A.2    Larsen, R.3
  • 120
    • 26044475074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bispectral Index, Narcotrend, classic electrophysiological and hemodynamic parameters during emergence from target controlled infusion of propofol
    • Bischoff P, Schmidt G, Voigt M, et al. Bispectral Index, Narcotrend, classic electrophysiological and hemodynamic parameters during emergence from target controlled infusion of propofol. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2001; 13: 375.
    • (2001) J. Neurosurg. Anesthesiol. , vol.13 , pp. 375
    • Bischoff, P.1    Schmidt, G.2    Voigt, M.3
  • 121
    • 0242332304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Narcotrend® and Bispectral Index® monitor are superior to classic electroencephalographic parameters for the assessment of anesthetic states during propofol-remifentanil anesthesia
    • 10.1097/00000542-200311000-00012
    • Schmidt GN, Bischoff P, Standl T, et al. Narcotrend® and Bispectral Index® monitor are superior to classic electroencephalographic parameters for the assessment of anesthetic states during propofol-remifentanil anesthesia. Anesthesiology 2003; 99: 1072-1077. 10.1097/00000542-200311000-00012
    • (2003) Anesthesiology , vol.99 , pp. 1072-1077
    • Schmidt, G.N.1    Bischoff, P.2    Standl, T.3
  • 122
    • 1842714959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Narcotrend Index: Classification algorithm, correlation with propofol effect-site concentrations, and comparison with spectral parameters
    • Schultz A, Grouven U, Beger FA, Schultz B. The Narcotrend Index: Classification algorithm, correlation with propofol effect-site concentrations, and comparison with spectral parameters. Biomed Technik 2004; 49: 38-42.
    • (2004) Biomed. Technik. , vol.49 , pp. 38-42
    • Schultz, A.1    Grouven, U.2    Beger, F.A.3    Schultz, B.4
  • 123
    • 26044438913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of depth of sedation and anaesthesia by the Narcotrend TM EEG monitor
    • Bauerle K, Greim CA, Schroth M, et al. Prediction of depth of sedation and anaesthesia by the Narcotrend TM EEG monitor. Br J Anaesth 2004; 2: 1-5.
    • (2004) Br. J. Anaesth. , vol.2 , pp. 1-5
    • Bauerle, K.1    Greim, C.A.2    Schroth, M.3
  • 124
    • 0027601884 scopus 로고
    • ANFIS: Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System
    • Jang JSR. ANFIS: Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System. IEEE Trans Syst, Man Cybern 1993; 23: 665-685.
    • (1993) IEEE Trans. Syst., Man. Cybern. , vol.23 , pp. 665-685
    • Jang, J.S.R.1
  • 125
    • 0032926358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of bispectral index, 95% spectral edge frequency and approximate entropy of the EEG, with changes in heart rate variability during induction of general anaesthesia
    • 10536540
    • Sleigh JW, Donovan J. Comparison of bispectral index, 95% spectral edge frequency and approximate entropy of the EEG, with changes in heart rate variability during induction of general anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1999; 82: 666-671. 10536540
    • (1999) Br. J. Anaesth. , vol.82 , pp. 666-671
    • Sleigh, J.W.1    Donovan, J.2
  • 126
    • 0036206213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of the ARX-derived auditory evoked potential index as an indicator of anesthetic depth. A comparison with BIS and hemodynamic measures during propofol administration
    • Struys MRF, Jensen EW, Smith W, et al. Performance of the ARX-derived auditory evoked potential index as an indicator of anesthetic depth. A comparison with BIS and hemodynamic measures during propofol administration. Anesthesiology 2002; 96: 803-816.
    • (2002) Anesthesiology , vol.96 , pp. 803-816
    • Struys, M.R.F.1    Jensen, E.W.2    Smith, W.3
  • 127
    • 0002876799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines on intraoperative electroencephalography for technologists
    • Technologists ASoE
    • Technologists ASoE. Guidelines on intraoperative electroencephalography for technologists. Am J End Technol 1998; 38: 24-25
    • (1998) Am. J. End. Technol. , vol.38 , pp. 24-25
  • 128
    • 0031815532 scopus 로고
    • Multimodality neuromonitoring for carotid endarterectomy surgery: Determination of critical ischaemic thresholds
    • Isley MR, Cohen MJ, Wadsworth JS, et al. Multimodality neuromonitoring for carotid endarterectomy surgery: Determination of critical ischaemic thresholds. Am J End Technol 1098; 38: 65-122.
    • (1098) Am. J. End. Technol. , vol.38 , pp. 65-122
    • Isley, M.R.1    Cohen, M.J.2    Wadsworth, J.S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.