Neurological manifestations of Hansen's disease and their management

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery

Volumn 107, Issue 6, 2005, Pages 445-454

  Agrawal, Amit ^a   Pandit, Lekha ^a   Dalal, Monica ^a   Shetty, J P ^a  

^a NITTE DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY   (India)

Author keywords

Hansen's disease; Lepra reactions; Leprosy; Neuritic leprosy

Indexed keywords

ATROPINE; BCG VACCINE; CLARITHROMYCIN; CLOFAZIMINE; COLCHICINE; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOSPORIN A; DAPSONE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOMODULATING AGENT; LEVOFLOXACIN; MINOCYCLINE; NEOPTERIN; OFLOXACIN; PENTOXIFYLLINE; PREDNISOLONE; PREDNISONE; RIFABUTIN; RIFAMPICIN; SPARFLOXACIN; STEROID; THALIDOMIDE; VACCINE;

BORDERLINE LEPROSY; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONSTIPATION; CYTOPATHOLOGY; DRUG ERUPTION; ERYTHEMA NODOSUM LEPROSUM; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; LABORATORY TEST; LEPROMATOUS LEPROSY; LEPROMIN TEST; LEPROSY; MULTIBACILLARY LEPROSY; MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE; NERVE CONDUCTION; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; PATHOGENESIS; PAUCIBACILLARY LEPROSY; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RELAPSE; REVIEW; SEDATION; SEROLOGY; SMEAR; SYMPTOM; TERATOGENICITY; TUBERCULOID LEPROSY; VACCINATION;

BACTERIAL VACCINES; BIOPSY; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; HUMANS; LEPROSTATIC AGENTS; LEPROSY; NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION; PERIPHERAL NERVES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; PROGNOSIS; SKIN;

EID: 25844490037     PISSN: 03038467     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2005.03.007     Document Type: Review

References (68)

1. W.H. Van Brakel Peripheral neuropathy in leprosy and its consequences Lepr Rev 71 Suppl. 2000 S146 S153
2. Y. Minauchi, and A. Igata Leprous neuritis W.B. Matheus Handbook of clinical neurology: neuropathies 1987 Elsevier Amsterdam 215 238
3. Bryceson A, Pfaltzgraff RE. Complications due to nerve damage. In: Medicine in the tropics: leprosy. 3rd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1990. p. 133-51.
4. L. Chimelli, M. Freitas, and O. Nascimento Values of nerve biopsy in the diagnosis and follow-up of leprosy: the role of vascular lesions and usefulness of nerve studies in the detection of persistent bacilli J Neurol 244 1997 318 323
5. Junqueira LCU, C.S. Montes, E.A. Neto, C. Barros, and A.J. Tedesco-Marques The collagen of permanently damaged nerves in human leprosy Int J Lepr 48 1980 291 297
6. U. Saxena, V. Ramesh, R.S. Misra, and A. Mukherjee Giant nerve abscesses in leprosy Clin Exp Dermatol 15 1990 349 351
7. B.K. Girdhar Neuritic leprosy Ind J Lepr 68 1996 35 42
8. Jennekens FGI, and W.H. van Brakel Neuropathy in leprosy N. Latov Wokke JHJ J.J. Kelly Jr. Immunological and infectious diseases of the peripheral nerves 1998 Cambridge University Press Cambridge 319 339
9. R. Buchthal, A. Rosenfalck, and F. Behse Sensory potentials of normal and diseased nerves P.J. Dyck P.K. Thomas E.H. Lambert R. Bunge Peripheral neuropathy 2nd ed. 1984 Saunders Philadelphia 981 1015
10. WHO Expert Committee on Leprosy. 7th report no. 874 of technical report series. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1998.
11. A. Bryceson, and R.E. Pfaltzgraff Clinical pathology, symptoms and signs R.C. Hastings Leprosy. Medicine in the tropics 3rd ed. 1990 Churchill Livingstone Edinburgh 11 55
12. V.N. Sehgal Leprosy Dermatol Clin 12 1994 624 644
13. D.S. Ridley, and W.H. Jopling Classification of leprosy according to immunity Int J Lepr 34 1966 255 273
14. M.W. Uplekar, and N.H. Antia Clinical and histopathological observations on pure neuritic leprosy Ind J Lepr 58 1986 513 521
15. P.M. Mahajan, D.G. Jogaikar, and J.M. Mehta A study of pure neuritic leprosy: clinical experience Ind J Lepr 68 1996 137 141
16. D. Jenkins, K. Papp, H.R. Jakubovic, and N. Shiffman Leprotic involvement of peripheral nerves in the absence of skin lesions. Case report and literature review J Am Acad Dermatol 23 1990 1023 1026
17. M.J. Ridley, Waters MFR, and D.S. Ridley Effect of Mycobacterium leprae in the peripheral nerve trunk on the evolution of skin lesions Int J Lepr 62 1994 99 107
18. S. Talwar, P.K. Jha, and V.D. Tiwari Neuritic leprosy: epidemiology and therapeutic responsiveness Lepr Rev 63 1992 263 268
19. V.K. Pannikar, S. Arunthathi, C.J. Chacko, and E.P. Fritischi A clinico-pathological study of primary neuritic leprosy Lepr India 55 1983 212 221
20. B. Mishra, A. Mukherjee, A. Girdhar, S. Husain, and B.N. Malaviya Neuritic leprosy: further progression and significance Acta Leprol 9 1995 187 194
21. V.N. Sehgal, and A.K. Chaudhary Leprosy in children: a prospective study Int J Dermatol 32 1993 194 197
22. M.J. Ridley, and D.S. Ridley The immunopathology of erythema nodosum leprosum: the role of extravascular complexes Lepr Rev 54 1983 95 107
23. D.N.J. Lockwood, S. Vinayakumar, J.N.A. Stanley, K.P.W.J. McAdam, and M.J. Colston Clinical features and outcome of reversal (type 1) reactions in Hyderabad, India Int J Lepr 60 1993 8 15
24. Anonymous (WHO). A guide to eliminating leprosy as a public health problem. 1st ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1995 (WHO/LEP/95.1).
25. R.J. Powell, and J.M.M. Gardner-Medwin Guidelines for the clinical use and dispensing of thalidomide Lepr Rev 68 1997 61 66
26. V.N. Sehgal, R.V. Koranne, and S. Sehgal Correlation of morphological bacteriological and histopathological features of leprosy: double-blind study J Dermatol 12 1985 243 250
27. V.N. Sehgal, and G. Srivastava Status of histoid leprosy. A clinical, bacteriological, histopathological and immunological appraisal J Dermatol 14 1987 38 42
28. G.D. Georgiev, and A.C. McDougall Skin smears and bacterial index (BI) in multiple drug therapy leprosy control programmes: an unsatisfactory and potentially hazardous state of affairs Int J Lepr 56 1988 101 103
29. D.L. Leiker, and A.C. McDougall Technical guide for smear examination for leprosy 1983 Leprosy Documentation Service Amsterdam p. 7-29
30. P.E.M. Fine, C.K. Job, and C.M. McDougal Comparability amongst histopathologists in the diagnosis and classification Clin Dermatol 17 1999 159 170
31. V.N. Sehgal, and R.V. Koranne Correlation of morphological, bacteriological, histopathological and immunological features of leprosy a double blind study J Dermatol 12 1985 243 250
32. W.M. Meyer, and C.D. Heggie The Ridley-Jopling five group classification of leprosy. Correlation of the classification in 1429 leprosy patients Int J Lepr 47 1979 683 684
33. S. Majumdar, G. Srivastava, and P. Kumar Clinicohistological disparity in leprosy Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 69 2003 178 179
34. S. Kaur, V.K. Sharma, P. Basak, I. Kaur, and B.D. Radotra Concurrent skin and nerve histology in leprosy and its role in the classification of leprosy Lepr Rev 64 2 1993 110 116
35. A. Khan, R.V. Koranne, P. Bajaj, and B. Ravi Clinico-histopathological correlation of skin and nerve in leprosy J Dermatol 31 8 2004 632 666
36. U. Sengupta Experience and lessons from the use of lepromin and Mycobacterium leprae-specific serology Lepr Rev 71 Suppl. 2000 63 S66
37. M. Aziz, A. Malik, S.M. Abbas, S. Vasenwala, and A. Kalam Prognostic evaluation of cell mediated immunity in leprosy and correlation with clinicopathological status of leprosy patients Indian J Pathol Microbiol 39 1 1996 5 12
38. R.N. Fleury, and C.E. Bacchi S-100 protein and immunoperoxidase technique as an aid in the histopathologic diagnosis of leprosy Int J Lepr 55 1987 338 344
39. B. Sekar, R.N. Sharma, and D. Anandan Indeterminate leprosy: a seroimmunological and histochemical evaluation Lepr Rev 65 1994 167 177
40. S.L.G. Antunens, E.N. Sarno, and G. Holmkvist A comparison of the expression of NGFr, PGP 9. 5 and NSE in cutaneous lesions of patients with early leprosy using immunohistochemistry Int J Lepr 65 1997 357 365
41. P.R. Klatser Serology of leprosy Trop Geog Med 46 1994 115 118
42. S. Bührer-Se'kula, H.L. Smits, G.C. Gussenhoven, J. van Leeuwen, S. Amador, and T. Fujiwara Simple and fast lateral flow test for classification of leprosy patients and identification of contacts with high risk of developing leprosy J Clin Micro 41 5 2003 1991 1995
43. K. Prakash, V.N. Sehgal, and R. Aggarwal Evaluation of phenolic glycolipid-1 (PGL-1) antibody as a multidrug therapy (MDT) monitor J Dermatol 20 1993 16 20
44. V.P. Bharadwaj, and K. Katoch Detection of subclinical infection in leprosy: an 8 years follow-up study Int J Lepr 61 1989 495 502
45. N. Singh, A. Bhatia, and K. Gupta Cytomorphology of leprosy across the Ridley-Jopling spectrum Acta Cytol 40 1996 719 723
46. A.R. Santos, J.C. Nery, and N.C. Duppre Use of the polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of leprosy J Med Microbiol 46 1997 170 172
47. T.P. Gillis, and D.L. Williams Polymerase chain reaction and leprosy Int J Lepr 59 1991 311 316
48. Williams DL, Scollard DM., Gillis TP. PCR-based diagnosis of leprosy in the United States Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 2003;25:8.
49. Hamerlinck FFV, P.R. Klatser, D.S. Walsh, J.D. Bos, G. Walsh, and W.R. Faber Serum neopterin as a marker for reactional states in leprosy FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 24 1999 405 409
50. M. Verghese, K.V. Ittimani, and I.R. Satyanarayanan A study of the conduction velocity of the motor fibres of ulnar and median nerves in leprosy Int J Lepr 38 1970 271
51. D.K. Dastur, N.H. Anita, and S.C. Divekar The facial nerve in leprosy. 2. Pathology, pathogenesis, electromyography and clinical correlations Int J Lepr 34 1966 118
52. World Health Organization. The final push strategy to eliminate leprosy as a public health problem: questions and answers. Geneva: WHO, 2002
53. S.L. Moschella An update on the diagnosis and treatment of leprosy J Am Acad Dermatol 51 2004 417 426
54. Efficacy of single dose multidrug therapy for the treatment of single-lesion paucibacillary leprosy. Single-lesion Multicentre Trial Group. Indian J Lepr 1997;69:121-29.
55. B. JI, P. Jamet, S. Sow, E.G. Perani, I. Traore, and J.H. Grosset High relapse rate among lepromatous leprosy patients treated with rifampin plus ofloxacin daily for 4 weeks Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997 1953 1956
56. W.H. Van Brakel, and I.B. Khawas Nerve function impairment in leprosy: an epidemiological and clinical sturdy. Part 2. Results of steroid treatment Lepr Rev 67 1996 104 118
57. Naafs B. The prevention of permanent nerve damage in leprosy. Thesis, University of Amsterdam; 1980.
58. R.P. Croft, P. Nicholls, A.M. Anderson, W.H. van Brakel, W.C.S. Smith, and J.H. Richardus Effect of prophylactic corticosteroids on the incidence of reactions in newly diagnosed multibacillary leprosy patients Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 67 1999 75 77
59. B.K. Girdhar, A. Girdhar, G. Ramu, and K.V. Desikan Short course treatment of paucibacillary (TT/BT) leprosy cases Indian J Lepr 57 1985 491 498
60. R.P. Croft, J.H. Richardus, and WC.S. Smith Field treatment of acute nerve function impairment in leprosy using a standardized corticosteroid regimen - first year's experience with 100 patients Lepr Rev 68 1997 316 325
61. R.R. Jacobson, and J.L. Krahenbuhl Leprosy Lancet 353 1999 655 660
62. S.K. Teo, K.E. Resztak, M.A. Scheffler, K.A. Kook, J.B. Zeldis, and D.I. Stirling Thalidomide in the treatment of leprosy Microbes Infect 4 2002 1193 1202
63. D.N. Lockwood The management of erythema nodosum leprosum: current and future options Lepr Rev 67 1996 253 259
64. D.R. Azulay Antileprosy vaccinations An Bras Dermatol 77 2002 489 494
65. S.A. Zaheer, R.S. Misra, A.K. Sharma, K.R. Beena, H.K. Kar, and A. Mukherjee Immunotherapy with Mycobacterium w vaccine decreases the incidence and severity of type 2 (ENL) reactions Lepr Rev 64 1993 7 14
66. R.P. Croft, P.G. Nicholls, E.W. Steyerberg, J.H. Richardus, and WC.S. Smith A clinical prediction rule for nerve function impairment in leprosy patients Lancet 355 2000 1603 1606
67. K. Dasananjali, P.A.M. Schreuder, and C. Pirayavaraporn A study on the effectiveness and safety of the WHO-MDT regimen in North East Thailand: a prospective study Int J Leor 65 1997 28 36
68. H.Y. Li, L.F. Hu, W.B. Huang, G.C. Liu, L.C. Yuan, and Z. Jin Risk of relapse after fixed duration MDT Int J Lepr 65 1997 238 245