Development of body oxygen stores in harbor seals: Effects of age, mass, and body composition

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

Volumn 78, Issue 6, 2005, Pages 1057-1068

  Burns, J M ^a   Costa, D P ^b   Frost, K ^c   Harvey, J T ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA ANCHORAGE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS   (United States)

^d MOSS LANDING MARINE LABORATORIES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HEMOGLOBIN; OXYGEN;

METABOLISM; OXYGEN; PINNIPED; SWIMMING;

AGE; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BLOOD; BODY COMPOSITION; BODY SIZE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; ENERGY METABOLISM; HEMATOCRIT; METABOLISM; PHOCA; PHYSIOLOGY; SKELETAL MUSCLE; STATISTICAL MODEL;

AGE FACTORS; ANIMALS; BODY COMPOSITION; BODY SIZE; ENERGY METABOLISM; HEMATOCRIT; HEMOGLOBINS; LINEAR MODELS; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; OXYGEN; PHOCA;

PHOCA; PHOCA VITULINA;

EID: 25844488929     PISSN: 15222152     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/432922     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Ashwell-Erickson S. and R.W. Elsner. 1981. The, energy cost of free existence for Bering Sea harbor and spotted seals. Pp. 869-899 in D.W. Wood and J.A. Calder, eds. The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf: Oceanography and Resources. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
2. Bekkby T. and A. Bjorge. 2000. Diving behaviour of harbour seal Phoca vitulina pups from nursing to independent feeding. J Sea Res 44:267-275.
3. Bigg M.A. 1981. Harbour seal: Phoca vitulina Linnaeus, 1758 and Phoca largha Pallas, 1811. Pp. 1-27 in S.H. Ridgeway and R.J. Harrison, eds. Handbook of Marine Mammals. Academic Press, London.
4. Blackwell S.B. and B.J. Le Boeuf. 1993. Developmental aspects of sleep apnoea in northern elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris. J Zool (Lond) 231:437-447.
5. Bossart G.D., T.H. Reidarson, L.A. Dierauf, and D.A. Duffield. 2001. Clinical pathology. Pp. 383-436 in L.A. Dierauf and F. Gulland, eds. CRC Handbook of Marine Mammal Medicine. 2nd ed. CRC, Boston.
6. Bowen W.D., D.J. Boness, and S.J. Iverson. 1999. Diving behaviour of lactating harbour seals and their pups during maternal foraging trips. Can J Zool 77:978-988.
7. Bowen W.D. and S.J. Iverson. 1998. Estimation of total body water in pinnipeds using hydrogen-isotope dilution. Physiol Zool 71:329-332.
8. Boyd I.L. and J.P. Croxall. 1996. Dive durations in pinnipeds and seabirds. Can J Zool 74:1696-1705.
9. Burns J.M. 1999. The development of diving behavior in juvenile Weddell seals: pushing physiological limits in order to survive. Can J Zool 77:773-783.
10. Burns J.M., A.S. Blix, and L.P. Folkow. 2000. Physiological constraint and diving ability: a test in hooded seals, Cystophora cristata. FASEB J 14:A440.
11. Burns J.M. and M.A. Castellini. 1996. Physiological and behavioral determinants of the aerobic dive limit in Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) pups. J Comp Physiol 166:473-483.
12. Burns J.M., C.A. Clark, and J.P. Richmond. 2004. The impact of lactation strategy on physiological development of juvenile marine mammals: implications for the transition to independent foraging. Int Congr Ser 1275:341-350.
13. Butler P.J. and D.R. Jones. 1997. Physiology of diving of birds and mammals. Physiol Rev 77:837-899.
14. Castellini J.M., M.A. Castellini, and M.B. Kretzmann. 1990. Circulatory water balance in suckling and fasting northern elephant seal pups. J Comp Physiol 160B:537-542.
15. Castellini J.M., H.J. Meiselman, and M.A. Castellini. 1996. Understanding and interpreting hematocrit measurements in pinnipeds. Mar Mamm Sci 12:251-264.
16. Castellini M.A. 1991. The biology of diving mammals: behavioral, physiological and biochemical limits. Pp. 105-134 in R. Gilles, ed. Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology. 8th ed. Springer, Berlin.
17. Castellini M.A., L.D. Rea, J.L. Sanders, J.M. Castellini, and T. Zenteno-Savin. 1994. Developmental changes in cardiorespiratory patterns of sleep-associated apnea in northern elephant seals. Am J Physiol 267:R1294-R1301.
18. Castellini M.A. and G.N. Somero. 1981. Buffering capacity of vertebrate muscle: correlations with potential for anaerobic function. J Comp Physiol 143:191-198.
19. Clark C.A. 2004. Tracking Changes: Postnatal Blood and Muscle Oxygen Store Development in Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina). MS thesis. University of Alaska, Anchorage.
20. Costa D.P. 1993. The relationship between reproductive and foraging energetics and the evolution of the Pinnipedia. Symp Zool Soc Lond 66:293-314.
21. Costa D.P. and N.J. Gales. 2003. Energetics of a benthic diver: seasonal foraging ecology of the Australian sea lion, Neophoca cinerea. Ecol Monogr 73:27-43.
22. Costa D.P., N.J. Gales, and M.E. Goebel. 2001. Aerobic dive limit: how often does it occur in nature? Comp Biochem Physiol 129A:771-783.
23. Costa D.P. and B. Sinervo. 2004. Field physiology: physiological insights from animals in nature. Annu Rev Physiol 66:209-238.
24. Dubé Y., M.O. Hammill, and C. Barrette. 2003. Pup development and timing of pupping in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in the St. Lawrence river estuary, Canada. Can J Zool 81:188-194.
25. El-Sayed H., S.R. Goodall, and F.R. Hainsworth. 1995. Re-evaluation of Evans blue dye dilution method of plasma volume measurement. Clin Lab Haematol 17:189-194.
26. Elsner R.W., D.M. Hammond, D.M. Denison, and R. Wyburn. 1977. Temperature regulation in the newborn Weddell seal Leptonychotes weddellii. Pp. 534-540 in G.A. Llano, ed. Adaptations within Antarctic Ecosystems. Smithsonian Institute, Washington, DC.
27. Fadely B.S. 1997. Health Status and Body Condition of Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina) in the Gulf of Alaska. PhD diss. University of Alaska, Fairbanks.
28. Falabella V., M. Lewis, and C. Campagna. 1999. Development of cardiorespiratory patterns associated with terrestrial apneas in free-ranging southern elephant seals. Physiol Biochem Zool 72:64-70.
29. 2 measuring systems. J Appl Physiol 51:772-776.
30. Feder M.E. and B.A. Block. 1991. On the future of animal physiological ecology. Funct Ecol 5:136-144.
31. Foldager N. and C.G. Blomqvist. 1991. Repeated plasma volume determination with the Evans blue dye dilution technique: the method and the computer program. Comput Biol Med 21:35-41.
32. Frost K.J., L.F. Lowry, and J. Ver Hoef. 1995. Habitat use, behavior, and monitoring of harbor seals in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Exxon Valdez oil spill restoration science study 94064. Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Fairbanks.
33. Frost K.J., M.A. Simpkins, and L.F. Lowry. 2001. Diving behavior of subadult and adult harbor seals in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Mar Mamm Sci 17:813-834.
34. Frost K.J., M.A. Simpkins, R.J. Small, and L.F. Lowry. Forthcoming. Development of diving by harbor seal pups in two regions of Alaska: use of the water column. Mar Mamm Sci.
35. Gentry R.L. and G.L. Kooyman. 1986. Fur Seals: Maternal Strategies on Land and at Sea. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
36. Greaves D.K., J.F. Schreer, M.O. Hammill, and J.M. Burns. 2005. Diving heart rate development in seals. Physiol Biochem Zool 78:9-17.
37. Halvorsen K. and S. Halvorsen. 1973. The "early anemia": its relation to postnatal growth rate, milk feeding, and iron availability: experimental study in rabbits. Arch Dis Child 48:842-849.
38. Hochachka P.W. and P.D. Mottishaw. 1999. Evolution and adaptation of the diving response: phocids and otariids. Pp. 391-431 in H.O. Pörtner and R.C. Playle, eds. Cold Ocean Physiology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
39. Horning M. and F. Trillmich. 1997. Ontogeny of diving behavior in the Galapagos fur seal. Behavior 134:1211-1257.
40. International Committee for Standardization in Haematology. 1973. A report by the International Committee for Standardization in Haematology: standard techniques for the measurement of red-cell and plasma volume. Br J Haematol 25:801-814.
41. Jeffries S. 1986. Seasonal movements and population trends of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) in the Columbia River and adjacent waters of Washington and Oregon: 1976-1982. Washington Department of Fish and Game report MM2079357-5, Olympia.
42. Jorgensen C., C. Lydersen, and K.M. Kovacs. 2001. Diving development in nursing harbour seal pups. J Exp Biol 204:3993-4004.
43. Kanatous S.B., R.W. Davis, R. Watson, L. Polasek, T.M. Williams, and O. Mathieu-Costello. 2002. Aerobic capacities in the skeletal muscles of Weddell seals: key to longer dive durations? J Exp Biol 205:3601-3608.
44. Kerr M.G. 1989. Veterinary Laboratory Medicine. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford.
45. Kohin S. 1998. Respiratory Physiology of Northern Elephant Seal Pups: Adaptations for Hypoxia, Hypercapnia and Hypometabolism. PhD diss. University of California, Santa Cruz.
46. Kooyman G.L. 1989. Diverse Divers: Physiology and Behavior. Springer, Berlin.
47. Kooyman G.L., M.A. Castellini, R.W. Davis, and R.A. Maue. 1983. Aerobic diving limits of immature Weddell seals. J Comp Physiol 151:171-174.
48. Kooyman G.L., E.A. Wahrenbrock, M.A. Castellini, R.W. Davis, and E.E. Sinnett. 1980. Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism during voluntary diving in Weddell seals: evidence of preferred pathways from blood chemistry and behavior. J Comp Physiol 138:335-346.
49. Lawson J.W. and D. Renouf. 1987. Bonding and weaning in harbor seals, Phoca vitulina. J Mammal 68:445-449.
50. Lenfant C., K. Johansen, and J.D. Torrance. 1970. Gas transport and oxygen storage capacity in some pinnipeds and the sea otter. Respir Physiol 9:277-286.
51. Lesage V., M.O. Hammill, and K.M. Kovacs. 1999. Functional classification of harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) dives using depth profiles, swim velocity, and an index of foraging success. Can J Zool 77:74-87.
52. Mangum C.P. and P.W. Hochachka. 1998. New directions in comparative physiology and biochemistry: mechanisms, adaptations, and evolution. Physiol Zool 71:471-484.
53. Merrick R.L. and T.R. Loughlin. 1997. Foraging behavior of adult female and young-of-the-year Steller sea lions in Alaskan waters. Can J Zool 75:776-786.
54. Miller K. and L. Irving. 1975. Metabolism and temperature regulation in young harbor seals Phoca vitulina richardi. Am J Physiol 229:506-511.
55. Moreno-Rojas R., M.A. Amaro-Lopez, and G. Zurera-Cosano. 1993. Micronutrients in natural cow, ewe and goat milk. Int J Food Sci Nutr 44:37-46.
56. Muelbert M.M.C. and W.D. Bowen. 1993. Duration of lactation and postweaning changes in mass and body composition of harbour seal, Phoca vitulina, pups. Can J Zool 71:1405-1414.
57. Noren S.R. 1997. Oxygen Stores and Acid Buffering Capacities of Cetacean Skeletal Muscle: A Hierarchy in Adaptations for Maximum Dive Durations. MS thesis. University of California, Santa Cruz.
58. Noren S.R., G. Lacave, R.S. Wells, and T.M. Williams. 2002. The development of blood oxygen stores in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): implications for diving capacity. J Zool (Lond) 258:105-113.
59. Oftedal O.T., W.D. Bowen, E.M. Widdowson, and D.J. Boness. 1991. The prenatal molt and its ecological significance in hooded and harbor seals. Can J Zool 69:2489-2493.
60. Oftedal O.T. and S.J. Iverson. 1987. Hydrogen isotope methodology for measurement of milk intake and energetics of growth in suckling young. Pp. 67-96 in A.C. Huntley, D.P. Costa, G.A.J. Worthy, and M.A. Castellini, eds. Approaches to Marine Mammal Energetics. Allen, Lawrence, KS.
61. Polasek L.K. and R.W. Davis. 2001. Heterogeneity of myoglobin distribution in the locomotory muscles of five cetacean species. J Exp Biol 204:209-215.
62. 2's, and blood and muscle oxygen stores. Physiol Zool 66:732-749.
63. Ponganis P.J., L.N. Starke, M. Horning, and G.L. Kooyman. 1999. Development of diving capacity in emperor penguins. J Exp Biol 202:781-786.
64. Prosser C.L. 1989. Comparative physiology and biochemistry: challenges for the future. Comp Biochem Physiol 93A:309-312.
65. Rea L.D. and D.P. Costa. 1992. Changes in standard metabolism during long-term fasting in northern elephant seal pups (Mirounga angustirostris). Physiol Zool 65:97-111.
66. Reilly J.J. and M.A. Fedak. 1990. Measurement of body composition of living grey seals by hydrogen isotope dilution. J Appl Physiol 69:885-891.
67. Reynafarje B. 1963. Simplified method for the determination of myoglobin. J Lab Clin Med 61:138-145.
68. Richmond J.P. 2004. Ontogeny of Total Body Oxygen Stores and Aerobic Dive Potential in the Steller Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus). MS thesis. University of Alaska, Anchorage.
69. Rosen D.A.S. and D. Renouf. 1997. Seasonal changes in blubber distribution in Atlantic harbor seals: indications of thermodynamic considerations. Mar Mamm Sci 13:229-240.
70. Schmidt-Nielsen K. 1990. Animal Physiology: Adaptation and Environment. 4th ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
71. Schreer J.F. and K.M. Kovacs. 1997. Allometry of diving capacity in air-breathing vertebrates. Can J Zool 75:339-358.
72. Sepulveda M.S., H. Ochoa-Acuna, and B.L. Homer. 1999. Age related changes in hematocrit, hemoglobin and plasma protein in Juan Fernandez fur seals (Arctocephalus philippii). Mar Mamm Sci 15:575-581.
73. Spensley M.S., G.P. Carlson, and D. Harrold. 1987. Plasma, red blood cell, total blood, and extracellular fluid volumes in healthy horse foals during growth. Am J Vet Res 48:1703-1707.
74. Thorson P.H. 1993. Development of Diving in the Northern Elephant Seal. PhD diss. University of California, Santa Cruz.
75. Thorson P.H. and B.J. Le Boeuf. 1994. Developmental aspects of diving in northern elephant seal pups. Pp. 271-289 in B.J. Le Boeuf and R.M. Laws, eds. Elephant Seals: Population Ecology, Behavior, and Physiology. University of California Press, Berkeley.
76. Trumble S.J. and M.A. Castellini. 2002. Blood chemistry, hematology, and morphology of wild harbor seal pups in Alaska. J Wildl Manag 66:1197-1207.
77. Van Horn D.R. and B.E. Baker. 1971. Seal milk. II. Harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus) milk: effects of stage of lactation on the composition of the milk. Can J Zool 49:1085-1088.
78. Webb B.E., R.E.A. Stewart, and D.M. Lavigne. 1984. Mineral constituents of harp seal milk. Can J Zool 62:831-833.
79. 2, and evaporative water loss through a flow-through mask. J Appl Physiol 42:120-123.