Dynamical controls on sub-global climate model grid-scale cloud variability for Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) case 4

Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres

Volumn 110, Issue 15, 2005, Pages 1-21

  Weaver, Christopher P ^a   Norris, Joel R ^b   Gordon, Neil D ^b   Klein, Stephen A ^c  

^a Center for Environmental Prediction   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; CLOUD COVER; RADIATIVE FORCING;

EID: 25844446985     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2004JD005022     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Baidya Roy, S., C. P. Weaver, D. S. Nolan, and R. Avissar (2003), A preferred dynamical scale for landscape-forced mesoscale circulations?, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D22), 8854, doi:10.1029/2002JD003097.
2. Cess, R. D., et al. (1996), Cloud feedback in atmospheric general circulation models: An update, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 12,791-12,794.
3. Clothiaux, E. E., K. P. Moran, B. E. Martner, T. P. Ackerman, G. G. Mace, T. Uttal, J. H. Mather, K. B. Widener, M. A. Miller, and D. J. Rodriguez (1999), The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program cloud radars: Operational modes, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 16, 819-827.
4. Clothiaux, E. E., T. P. Ackerman, G. G. Mace, K. P. Moran, R. T. Marchand, M. A. Miller, and B. E. Martner (2000), Objective determination of cloud heights and radar reflectivities using a combination of active remote sensors at the ARM CART sites, J. Appl. Meteorol., 39, 645-665.
5. Cotton, W. R., et al. (2003), RAMS 2001: Current status and future directions, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 82, 5-29.
6. Davies, H. C. (1976), A lateral-boundary formulation for multi-level prediction models, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 102, 405-418.
7. Gordon, N. D., J. R. Norris, C. P. Weaver, and S. A. Klein (2005), Cluster analysis of cloud regimes and characteristic dynamics of midlatitude synoptic systems in observations and a model, J. Geophys. Res., D15S17, doi:10.1029/2004JD005027.
8. Harrington, J. Y. (1997), The effects of radiative and microphysical processes on simulated warm and transition-season arctic stratus, Ph.D. dissertation, 270 pp., Colo. State Univ., Fort Collins.
9. Harrison, E. F., P. Minnis, B. R. Barkstrom, V. Ramanathan, R. D. Cess, and G. G. Gibson (1990), Seasonal variation of cloud radiative forcing derived from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 18,687-18,703.
10. Jakob, C. (2003), An improved strategy for the evaluation of cloud parameterizations in GCMs, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 84, 1387-1401.
11. Kain, J., and J. Fritsch (1992), The role of the convective "trigger function" in numerical forecasts of mesoscale convective systems, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 49, 93-106.
12. Kalnay, E. M., et al. (1996), The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 437-472.
13. Katzfey, J. J., and B. F. Ryan (2000), Midlatitude frontal clouds: GCM-scale modeling implications, J. Clim., 13, 2729-2745.
14. Klein, S. A., and C. Jakob (1999), Validation and sensitivities of frontal clouds simulated by the ECMWF model, Mon. Weather Rev., 127, 2514-2531.
15. Mellor, G. L., and T. Yamada (1982), Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems, Rev. Geophys., 20, 851-875.
16. Meyers, M. P., R. L. Walko, J. L. Harrington, and W. R. Cotton (1997), New RAMS cloud microphysics parameterization. Part II: The two-moment scheme, Atmos. Res., 45, 3-39.
17. Norris, J. R., and C. P. Weaver (2001), Improved techniques for evaluating GCM cloudiness applied to the NCAR CCM3, J. Clim., 14, 2540-2550.
18. Olson, J. S. (1994a), Global ecosystem framework - Definitions, internal report, 37 pp., EROS Data Cent., Sioux Falls, S. D.
19. Olson, J. S. (1994b), Global ecosystem framework - Translation strategy, internal report, 39 pp., EROS Data Cent., Sioux Falls, S. D.
20. Pincus, R., and S. A. Klein (2000), Unresolved spatial variability and microphysical process rates in large-scale models, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 27,059-27,065.
21. Randall, D., et al. (2003), Confronting models with data: The GEWEX cloud systems study, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 84, 455-469.
22. Ryan, B. F., et al. (2000), Simulations of a cold front by cloud-resolving, limited-area, and large-scale models, and a model evaluation using in situ and satellite observations, Mon. Weather Rev., 128, 3218-3235.
23. Smith, R. N. B. (1990), A scheme for predicting layer clouds and their water content in a general circulation model, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 116, 435-460.
24. Sommeria, G., and J. W. Deardorff (1977), Subgrid-scale condensation in models of nonprecipitating clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 344-355.
25. Szeto, K. K., and H. Guan (2000), Coarse-grid and cloud-resolving simulations of a midlatitude cyclonic cloud system: Implications for the parameterization of layer clouds in GCMs, J. Clim., 13, 1972-1978.
26. Tompkins, A. M. (2002), A prognostic parameterization for the subgridscale variability of water vapor and clouds in large-scale models and its use to diagnose cloud cover, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1917-1942.
27. Tompkins, A. M. (2003), Impact of temperature and humidity variability on cloud cover assessed using aircraft data, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 129, 2151-2170.
28. Tselioudis, G., and C. Jakob (2002), Evaluation of midlatitude cloud properties in a weather and a climate model: Dependence on dynamic regime and spatial resolution, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D24), 4781, doi:10.1029/2002JD002259.
29. Tselioudis, G., Y. Zhang, and W. B. Rossow (2000), Cloud and radiation variations associated with northern midlatitude low and high sea level pressure regimes, J. Clim., 13, 312-327.
30. Walko, R. L., W. R. Cotton, J. L. Harrington, and M. P. Meyers (1995), New RAMS cloud microphysics parameterization. Part I: The single-moment scheme, Atmos. Res., 38, 29-62.
31. Walko, R. L., et al. (2000), Coupled atmosphere-biophysics-hydrology models for environmental modeling, J. Appl. Meteorol., 39, 931-944.
32. Weare, B. C., and AMIP Modeling Groups (1996), Evaluation of the vertical structure of zonally averaged cloudiness and its variability in the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project, J. Clim., 9, 3419-3431.
33. Weaver, C. P. (2003), Efficiency of storm tracks an important climate parameter? The role of cloud radiative forcing in poleward heat transport, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D1), 4018, doi:10.1029/2002JD002756.
34. Weaver, C. P., and V. Ramanathan (1997), Relationships between largescale vertical velocity, static stability, and cloud radiative forcing over Northern Hemisphere extratropical oceans, J. Clim., 10, 2871-2887.
35. Xie, S., et al. (2005), Simulations of midlatitude frontal clouds by single-column and cloud-resolving models during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement March 2000 cloud intensive operational period, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D15S03, doi:10.1029/2004JD005119.
36. Zhang, M. H., J. L. Lin, R. T. Cederwall, J. J. Yio, and S. C. Xie (2001), Objective analysis of ARM IOP data: Method and sensitivity, Mon. Weather Rev., 129, 295-311.