Opportunity costs and outside careers in U.S. state legislatures

Legislative Studies Quarterly

Volumn 29, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 517-544

  Maddox, H W Jerome ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 25844445470     PISSN: 03629805     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3162/036298004X201285     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Baer, Denise, and David Bositis.1988. Elite Party Cadres and Electoral Politics: Representing the Public in Party Politics. New York: Greenwood.
2. Bazar, Beth. 1987. State Legislators ' Occupations: A Decade of Change. Denver, CO: National Conference of State Legislatures.
3. Black, Gordon. 1972. "A Theory of Political Ambition: Career Choices and the Role of Structural Incentives." American Political Science Review 66:144-59.
4. Bowman, Ann O'M, and Richard C. Kearney. 1988. "Dimensions of State Government Capability." Western Political Quarterly 41:341-62.
5. Brace, Paul. 1984. "Progressive Ambition in the House: A Probabilistic Approach." Journal of Politics 46:556-69.
6. California Political Almanac, 1997-1998. Sacramento, CA: StateNet/California Journal, 1997.
7. Carey, John M., Richard G Niemi, and Lynda W. Powell. 2000a. State Legislative Survey and Contextual Data, 1995 [computer file]. ICPSR version. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University, Polimetrics Lab [producer], 1995. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2000.
8. Carey, John M., Richard G Niemi, and Lynda W. Powell. 2000b. Term Limits in the ' State Legislatures. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
9. Carroll, Susan J. 1994. Women as Candidates in American Politics, 2d ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
10. Center for Analysis of Public Issues. 1998. New Jersey Political Almanac, 1998-99. Princeton: Public Affairs Research Institute of New Jersey.
11. Center for Leadership Studies. 1997. The Massachusetts Political Almanac, Volume 1: The Legislature. Centerville, MA: Center for Leadership Studies.
12. Center for Public Integrity. 1999. "Hidden Agendas: How State Legislators Keep Conflicts of Interest under Wraps." February 15. 〉http://www.50statesonline.org/cgi-bin/50states/findings.asp?Display= 4〉. (August 10, 2001).
13. Citizen Conference on State Legislatures. 1971. The Sometime Governments: A Critical Study of the 50 American Legislatures. New York: Bantam Books.
14. Clucas, Richard A. 2001. "Principal-Agent Theory and the Power of State House Speakers." Legislative Studies Quarterly 26:319-38.
15. Colorado Press Service. 1998. Colorado Legislative Directory, 1997. Denver, CO: Colorado Press Service.
16. Cooper, Joseph, and William West. 1981. "Voluntary Retirement, Incumbency, and the Modern House." Political Science Quarterly 96:279-300.
17. Cox, Gary W., and Mathew C. McCubbins. 1993. Legislative Leviathan: Party Government in the House. Berkeley: University of California Press.
18. Delaware State Chamber of Commerce. 1997. Legislative Roster of the General Assembly, 139th Assembly. Wilmington: Delaware State Chamber of Commerce.
19. Ehrenhalt, Alan. 1991. The United States of Ambition: Politicians, Power, and the Pursuit of Office. New York: Times Books.
20. Fama, Eugene. 1980. "Agency Problems and the Theory of the Firm." Journal of Political Economy 88:288-307.
21. Fiorina, Morris. 1992. Divided Government. New York: Macmillan.
22. Fiorina, Morris. 1994. "Divided Government in the American States: A Byproduct of Legislative Professionalism?" American Political Science Review 88:304-16.
23. Fiorina, Morris. 1997. "Professionalism, Realignment, and Representation." Mmerican Political Science Review 91:156-62.
24. Fiorina, Morris. 1999. "Further Evidence of the Partisan Consequences of Legislative Professionalism." American Journal of Political Science 43:974-77.
25. Fisher, Louis. 1980. "History of Pay Adjustments for Members of Congress." In The Rewards of Public Service: Compensating Top Federal Officials, ed. Robert W. Hartman and Arnold R. Weber. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
26. Francis, Wayne L. 1985. "Costs and Benefits of Legislative Service in the American States." American Political Science Review 29:626-45.
27. Francis, Wayne L. 1989. The Legislative Committee Game. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.
28. Freeman, Patricia, and William Lyons. 1992. "Female Legislators: Is There a New Type of Woman in Office?" In Changing Patterns in State Legislative Careers, ed. Gary F. Moncrief and Joel Thompson. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
29. Gilmour, John, and Paul Rothstein. 1993. "Early Republican Retirement: A Cause of Democratic Dominance in the House of Representatives. " Legislative Studies Quarterly 18:345-65.
30. Groseclose, Timothy, and Keith Krehbiel. 1994. "Golden Parachutes, Rubber Checks, and Strategic Retirements from the 102d House." American Journal of Political Science 38:75-99.
31. Grumm, John G. 1971. "The Effects of Legislative Structure on Legislative Performance." In State and Urban Politics: Readings in Comparative Public Policy, ed. Richard I. Hofferbert and Ira Sharkansky. Boston: Little, Brown.
32. Hall of Records: Maryland. 1997. Maryland Manual, 1997-1998. Annapolis, MD: Hall of Records Commission.
33. Hall, Richard L. 1996. Participation in Congress. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
34. Hall, Richard L., and Robert P. van Houweling. 1995. "Avarice and Ambition in Congress: Representatives' Decisions to Run or Retire from the U.S. House." American Political Science Review 89:121-36.
35. Hamm, Keith, and Gary F. Moncrief. 1999. "Legislative Politics in the States." In Politics in the American States, 7th ed., ed. Virginia Gray, Russell L. Hanson, and Herbert Jacob. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
36. Hirsch, Eric. 1996. State Legislators' Occupations: 1993 and 1995. Denver, CO: National Conference of State Legislatures.
37. Jewell, Malcolm. 1982. Representation in State Legislatures. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.
38. Jewell, Malcolm, and Marcia Lynn Whicker. 1994. Legislative Leadership in the American States. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
39. Kalt, Joseph, and Mark Zupan. 1990. "The Apparent Ideological Behavior of Legislators: Testing for Principal-Agent Slack in Political Institutions." Journal of Law and Economics 33:103-31.
40. Kelley, Stanley, Jr. 1998. "Politics as a Vocation: Reflection on Weber." In Politicians and Party Politics, ed. John G. Geer. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
41. Kiewet, D. Roderick, and Mathew C. McCubbins. 1991. The Logic of Delegation: Congressional Parties and the Appropriations Process. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
42. Kiewiet, Roderick, and Langche Zeng. 1993. "An Analysis of Congressional Career Decisions, 1947-1986." American Political Science Review 87:928-41.
43. King, Gary, Michael Tomz, and Jason Wittenberg. 2000. "Making the Most of Statistical Analyses: Improving Interpretation and Presentation." American Journal of Political Science 44:347-61.
44. King, James D. 2000. "Changes in Professionalism in U.S. State Legislatures." Legislative Studies Quarterly 25:327-43.
45. Kirby, James C., Jr. 1980. "Federal Conflict of Interest Regulations and Their Relationship to Official Compensation." In The Rewards of Public Service: Compensating Top Federal Officials, ed. Robert W. Hartman and Arnold R. Weber. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
46. Legislative Guidebooks, Inc. 1997. Guidebook to Florida Legislators. Baltimore, MD: Legislative Guidebooks.
47. Maddox, H.W. Jerome. 2004. "Outside Careers and Legislative Professionalism in U.S. State Legislatures." State Politics and Policy Quarterly 4:211-26.
48. Maltzman, Forrest. 1997. Competing Principals: Committees, Parties, and the Organization of Congress. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
49. Moncrief, Gary F., and Joel Thompson, eds. 1992. Changing Patterns in State Legislative Careers. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
50. Moncrief, Gary F., Peverill Squire, and Malcolm E. Jewell. 2001. Who Runs for the Legislature? Saddle Brook, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
51. Moncrief, Gary F., Joel A. Thompson, and Karl Kurtz. 1996. "The Old Statehouse, It Ain't What It Used To Be." Legislative Studies Quarterly 21:57-72.
52. Morehouse, Sarah McNally. 1981. State Politics, Parties, and Policy. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
53. The New York Red Book, 94th edition. 1997. Albany, NY: Williams Press.
54. Oklahoma Department of Libraries. 1997. Oklahoma Almanac, 1997-1998. Oklahoma City, OK: Oklahoma Department of Libraries.
55. Parker, Glenn R. 1992. Institutional Change, Discretion, and the Making of the Modern Congress: An Economic Interpretation. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
56. The Pennsylvania Manual, volume 113.1997. Harrisburg, PA: Dept. of General Services.
57. Rosenthal, Alan. 1981. Legislative Life. New York: Harper & Row.
58. Rosenthal, Alan. 1993. "The Legislative Institution: In Transition and at Risk." In The State of the States, 2d ed., ed. Carl Van Horn. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
59. Rosenthal, Alan. 1998. The Decline of Representative Democracy: Process, Participation, and Power in State Legislatures. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
60. Sanbonmatsu, Kira. 2000. "Party Differences in the Recruitment of Women State Legislators." Presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago.
61. Secretary of State: Illinois. 1997. Illinois Blue Book, 1997-98. Springfield, IL: Office of the Secretary of State.
62. Secretary of State: Iowa. 1998. Iowa Official Register, 1997-98. Des Moines, IA: Office of the Secretary of State.
63. Secretary of State: Oregon. 1997. Oregon Blue Book, 1997-98. Salem, OR: Office of the Secretary of State.
64. Squire, Peverill. 1988. "Member Career Opportunities and the Internal Organization of Legislatures." Journal of Politics 50:726-44.
65. Squire, Peverill. 1992. "Changing State Legislative Leadership Careers." In Changing Patterns in State Legislative Careers, ed. Gary F. Moncrief and Joel Thompson. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
66. Squire, Peverill. 1992. "Legislative Professionalization and Membership Diversity in State Legislatures." Legislative Studies Quarterly 17:69-79.
67. Tomz, Michael, Jason Wittenberg, and Gary King. 2003. CLARIFY: Software for Interpreting and Presenting Statistical Results, Version 2.1. 〈http://gking.harvard.edu/〉. (January 5, 2003).
68. U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the-Census. 2000. Statistical Abstract of the United States. Washington, DC: Department of Commerce.
69. Washington State Yearbook, 1997. 1998. Sisters, OR: Information Press.
70. Wilson, Woodrow. 1908. Constitutional Government in the United States. New York: Columbia University Press.
71. Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau. 1997. State of Wisconsin Blue Book, 1997-1998. Madison, WI: Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau.