Transforaminal epidural steroid injection and its complications;Transforaminal epidural steroid enjeksiyonu ve komplikasyonlari

Agri

Volumn 17, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 27-39

  Akkaya, Taylan ^a,b,c   Sayin, Murat ^a,c  

^a S B Ankara Diskapi Egitim Ve Arastirma Hastanesi   (Turkey)

^b Angora Evleri   (Turkey)

^c MINISTRY OF HEALTH   (Turkey)

Author keywords

Complications; Epidural; Steroid; Transforaminal

Indexed keywords

STEROID;

HUMAN; PAIN; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; STEROID THERAPY; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 25444480257     PISSN: 13000012     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. Abrams S. E., O'Connor T. C.: Complications associated with epidural steroid injections. Reg Anesth 1996; 21: 149-102.
2. Alleyne C. H., Cawley C. M., Shengelaia G. G., Barrow D.: Microsurgical anatomy of the artery of Adamkiewicz and its segmental artery. J Neurosurgery 1998; 89: 791-795.
3. Attar A., Ugur H. C., Uz A., Tekdemir İ., Egemen N., Genç Y.: Lumbar pedicle: surgical anatomic evaluation and relationships. Eur Spine J 2001; 10: 10-15.
4. Baker R., Dreyfuss P., Mercer S., Bogduk N.: Cervical transforaminal injection of corticosteroids into a radicular artery: a possible mechanism for spinal cord injury. Pain 2003; 103: 211-215.
5. Benzon H.: Epidural steroid injections for low back pain and lumbosacral radiculopathy. Pain 1986; 24: 277-295.
6. Berger O., Dousset V., Delmer O.: Evaluation of the efficacy of foraminal infusions of corticosteroids guided by computed tomography in the treatment of radicular pain by foraminal injection. J Radiol 1999; 80: 917-925.
7. Boswell M. V., Hansen H. C., Trescot A. M., Hirsch J. A.: Epidural steroids in the management of chronic spinal pain and radiculopathy. Pain Physician 2003; 6: 319-334.
8. Botwin K. P., Gruber R. D., Bouchlas C. G.: Complications of fluoroscopically guided transforaminal lumbar epidural injections. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000; 81: 1045-1050.
9. Botwin K. P., Gruber R. D., Bouchlas C. G.: Fluoroscopically guided lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injections in degenerative lumbar stenosis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2002; 81: 898-905.
10. Brouwers P. J. A. M., Kottink E. J. B. L., Simon M. A. M., Prevo R. L.: A cervical anterior spinal artery syndrome after diagnostic blockade of the right Co-nerve root. Pain 2001; 91: 397-399.
11. Bush K., Hillier S.: Outcome of cervical radiculopathy treated with periradicular/epidural corticosteroid injections. Eur Spine J 1996; 5: 319-325.
12. Cohen S., Larkin T. M., Carragee E.: Transforaminal epidural steroid delivery and diagnosing the level of nerve root pathology: comments on Baker et al. Pain 2004; 109: 526-527.
13. Coppes M., Marani E., Thomeer R., Groen G.: Innervation of "painful" lumbar discs. Spine 1997; 22: 2342-2349.
14. Cyteval C., Thomas H., Decoux H., Sarrahere M-P.: Cervical radiculopathy: Open study on percutaneous periradicular foraminal steroid infiltration performed under CT control in 30 patients. AJNR 2004; 25: 441-445.
15. Derby R., Bogduk N., Kine G.: Precision percutaneous blocking procedures for localizing spina pain. Part 2. The lumbar neuroaxial compartment. Pain Digest 1993; 3; 175-188.
16. Derby R., Lee S. H., Kim B. J., Chen Y., Seo K. S.: Complications following cervical epidural steroid injections by expert interventionalists in 2003. Pain Physician 2004; 7: 445-449.
17. Fverett C. R., Baskin M. N., Novoseletsky D., Speech D., Patel R.: Flushing as a side effect following lumbar transforaminul epidural steroid injection. Pain Physician 2004; 7: 427-429.
18. Furman M. B., Giovaniello M. T., O'Brien F. M.: Incidence of intravascular penetration in transforaminal cervical epidural steroid injections. Spine 2003; 28: 21-25.
19. Furman M. B., O'Brien E. M., Zgleszewski M.: Incidence of intravascular penetration in transforaminal lumbosacral epidural steroid injections. Spine 2000; 25: 2628-2632.
20. Furman M. B., O'Brien E. M.: Is it really possible to do a selective nerve root block? Pain 2000; 85: 526.
21. Groen R., Groenewegen H., van Alphen H.: Morphology of the human internal vertebral venous plexus: A cadaver study after intravenous araldite CY 221 injection. Anat Rec 1997; 249: 285-294.
22. Han K. R., Kim C., Park S. K., Kim J. S.: Distance to the adult cervical epidural space. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2003; 28: 95-97.
23. Haspeslagh S., Zundert J. V., Puylaert M., Heylen R.: Unilateral diagnostic infiltration of lumbar L3 nerve root resulting in an inadvertent discogram. Anesthesiology 2004; 100: 1019-1021.
24. Hasue M., Kikuchi S., Sakuyama Y., Ito T.: Anatomic study of the interrelation between lumbosacral nerve roots and their surrounding tissues. Spine 1983; 8: 50-58.
25. Heavner J. E., Racz G. B., Jenigiri B.: Sharp versus blind needle: A comparative study of penetration of internal structures and bleeding in dogs. Pain Practice 2003; 3: 1-9.
26. Herron L. D.: Selective nerve root block in patient selection for lumbar surgery:surgical results. J Spinal Disord 1989; 2: 75-79.
27. Hodges S., Castleberg R., Miller T., Ward R.: Cervical epidural steroid injection with intrinsic spinal cord damage: two case reports. Spine 1998; 23(19): 2137-2140.
28. Hooten W. M., O Kinney M., Huntoon M. A.: Epidural abscess and meningitis after epidural corticosteroid injection. Mayo Clin Proc 2004; 79; 682-686.
29. Houten J. K., Errico T. J.: Paraplegia after lumbosacral nerve root block: report of three cases. Spine J 2002; 2: 70-75.
30. Huntoon M. A., Martin D. P.: Paralysis after transforaminal epidural injection and previous spinal surgery. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2004; 29: 494-495.
31. Jasper J. P.: Role of digital substraction fluoroskopic imaging in detecting intravascular injections. Pain Physician 2003; 6: 369-372.
32. Karasek M., Bogduk M.: Temporary neurologic deficit after cervical transforaminal injection of local anesthetic. Pain Med 2004; 5: 202-205.
33. Karppinen J., Malmivaara A., Kurunlanhti M., Kyllönen E., Pienimaki T.: Periradicular infiltration for sciatica. Spine 2001; 26: 1059-1067.
34. Kolsi I., Delecrin J., Berthelot J. M., Thomas L., Proast A., Maugars Y.: Efficacy of nerve root versus interspinous injections of glucocorticoids in the treatment of disk-related sciatica. A pilot prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Rev Rhum [Engl Ed] 2000; 67: 113-118.
35. Larkin T. M., Carragee E., Cohen S.: A novel tecnique for delivery of epidural steroids and diagnosis the level of nerve root pathology. J Spinal Disord Tech 2003; 16: 186-192.
36. Lew H. L., Coelhe P., Chou L. H.: Preganglionic approach to transforaminal epidural steroid injections. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2004; 83(5): 378.
37. Lutz G. E., Vad V. B., Wisneski R. J.: Fluoroscopic transforaminal lumbar epidural steroids: An outcome study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998; 79: 1362-1366.
38. Macnab I.: Negative disk exploration: an analysis of the causes of nerve-root involvement in sixty-eight patients. J Bone Joint Surg (Am) 1971; 53-A: 891-903.
39. Manchikanti L., Bakhit C. E., Pakanati R. R., Fellows H.: Fluoroscopy is medically necessary for the performance of epidural steroids. Anesth Analg 1999; 99: 1330-1331.
40. Manchikanti L., Cash K.A., Pampati V., Damron K. S.: Evaluation of lumbar transforaminal epidural injections with needle placement and contrast flow patterns. Pain Physcian 2004; 7: 217-223.
41. Manchikanti L., Pakanati R., Pampati V.: Comparison of three routes of epidural steroid injections in low back pain. Pain Digest 1999; 9: 277-285.
42. Manchikanti L., Singh V.: Interventional pain management: Evolving issues for 2003. Pain Physician 2003; 6: 125-137.
43. Manchikanti L.: Transforaminal lumbar epidural steroid injections. Pain Physician 2000; 3 (4): 374-398.
44. Mc Millan M. R., Crumpton C.: Cortical blindness and neurologic injury complicating cervical transforaminal injection for cervical radiculopathy. Anesthesiology 2003; 99: 509-511.
45. Mehta M.: Extradural block. Confirmation of the injection site by x-ray monitoring. Anesthesia 1985; 40: 1009-1012.
46. Nash T. P.: Comment on "A cervical anterior spinal artery syndrome after diagnostic blockade of the right C6-nerve root". Pain 2002; 96(1-2): 217-218.
47. Pfirrman C. W. A., Oberholzer P. A., Zanetti M., Boos N., Trudell D. J.: Selective nerve root blocks for the treatment of sciata: Evaluation of injection site and effectiveness- A study with patients and cadavers. Radiology 2001; 221: 704-711.
48. Rathmell J. P., Aprill C., Bogduk N.: Cervical transforaminal injection of steroids. Anesthesiology 2004; 100 (6): 1595-1600.
49. Rathmell J. P., Benzon H. T.: Transforaminal injection of steroids: Should we continue? Reg Anesth Pain Med 2004; 29: 1-3.
50. Renfrew D. L., Moore T. E., Kathol M. H., El-Khoury G. Y.: Correct placement of epidural steroid placement: Fluoroscopic guidance and contrast administration. AJNR 1991; 12: 1003-1007.
51. Riew K. D., Yin Y., Gilula L., Bridwell K. H., Lenke L. G.: The effect of nerve-root injections on the need for operative treatment of lumbar radicular pain. J Bone Joint Surg 2000; 82: 1589-1593.
52. Robechhi A., Capra R.: L'idrocotisone (composto F). Rine esperinze cliniche in campo reumatologico. Minerva Med 1952; 98: 1259-1263.
53. Rosenberg S. K., Grabinsky A., Kooser C., Boswell M. V.: Effectiveness of transforaminal epidural steroid injections in low back pain. Pain Physician 2002; 5: 266-270.
54. Rozin L., Rozin R., Koehler S. A., Shakir A.: Death during transforaminal epidural steroid nerve root block (C7) due to perforation of the left vertebral artery. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2003; 24: 351-355.
55. Slipman C. W., Lipetz J. S., DePalma M. J., Jackson H. H.: Therapeutic selective nerve root block in the treatment of traumatically induced cervical spondylotitic radicular pain. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2004; 83: 446-454.
56. Slipman C. W., Lipetz J. S., Jackson H. B.: Outcomes of therapeutic selective nerve root blocks for whiplash induced cervical radicular pain. Pain Physician 2001; 4: 167-174.
57. Slipman C. W., Lipetz J. S., Jackson H. B., Rogers D. P., Vresilovic E. J.: Therapeutic selective nerve root block in the nonsurgical treatment of atraumatic cervicel spondylotic radicular pain. Spine 2000; 81: 741-746.
58. Stojanovic M. P., Vu T. N., Caneris O., Slezak J., Cohen S. P., Sang C. N.: The role of fluoroscopy in cervical epidural steroid injections. Spine 2002; 27(5): 509-514.
59. Strobel K., Pfirrmann C. W. A., Schmid M., Hodler J., Boos N., Zanetti M.: Cervical nerve root blocks: Indications and role of MR imaging. Radiology 2004; 233: 87-92.
60. Tajima T., Furukawa K., Karamuchi E.: Selective lumbosacral radiculopathy and block. Spine 1980; 5: 68-77.
61. Thomas E., Cyteval C., Abiad L., Picot M. C., Taourel P., Blotman F.: Efficacy of transforaminal versus interspinous corticosteroid injection in discal radiculalgia-a prospective, randomised, double-blind study. Clin Rheumatol 2003; 22: 299-304.
62. Tiso R. L., Cutler T., Catania J. A., Whalen K.: Adverse central nervous system sequelae after selective transforaminal block: the role of corticosteroids. Spine J 2004; 4: 468-474.
63. Uǧur H. C., Attar A., Uz A., Tekdemir İ., Egemen N., Çaǧlar S., Genç Y.: Surgical anatomic evaluation of the cervical pedicle and adjacent neural structures. Neurosurgery 2000; 47: 1162-1109.
64. Vad V., Bhat A. L., Lutz G. E., Cammisa F.: Transforaminal epidural steroid injections in lumbosacral radiculopathy. Spine 2002; 27(1): 11-16.
65. Vallee J. N., Feydy A., Carlier R. Y., Mutschler C.: Chronic cervical radiculopathy: Lateral approach periradicular corticosteroid injection. Radiology 2001; 218: 886-892.
66. Waldman S. D.: Complications of cervical epidural nerve blocks with steroids: A prospective study of 790 consecutive blocks. Reg Anesth 1989; 14: 149-151.
67. Windsor R. E., Storm S., Sugar R., Nagula D.: Cervical transforaminal injection: Review of the literatüre, complications and a suggested technique. Pain Physician 2003; 6: 457-465.