School-to-Work: Making a difference in education

Phi Delta Kappan

Volumn 84, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 272-279

  Hughes, Katherine L ^a   Bailey, Thomas R ^b,c,d   Karp, Melinda Mechur ^b  

^a Columbia University ^*  (United States)

^b IEE

^c Laboratory of Polymer Properties at Interfaces and Composites

^d Teachers College   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 25444453832     PISSN: 00317217     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/003172170208400405     Document Type: Review

References (103)

1. Commission on the Skills of the American Work Force, America's Choice: High Skills or Low Wages! (Rochester, N.Y.: National Center on Education and the Economy, 1990).
2. For a more detailed discussion of these principles and their origins, see Thomas R. Bailey and Vanessa Smith Morest, "Preparing Youth for the World of Work," in Samuel Halperin, ed., The Forgotten Half Revisited: American Youth and Young Families, 1988-2008 (Washington, D.C.: American Youth Policy Forum, 1998), pp. 115-36.
3. The others were the 1990 reauthorization of the Perkins Act and the Goals 2000 Educate America Act of 1994.
4. The 1991 report from the Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills (SCANS) outlined the core competencies necessary for success in the workplace. See Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills, What Work Requires of Schools: A SCANS Report for America 2000 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor, 1991).
5. While the funding has been allotted, it has not yet all been spent. For example, New York State and the other seven states in the first round of funding did not spend all the funds initially allotted, so the National School-to-Work Office issued a Request for Proposals for the remainder. New York State applied and has received additional funds, which are being disbursed to local school-to-work organizations.
6. This figure is from Mathematica Policy Research's national evaluation of school-to-work implementation. See Alan M. Hershey, Marsha K. Silverberg, and Joshua Haimson, Expanding Options for Students: Report to Congress on the National Evaluation of School-To-Work Implementation (Princeton, N.J.: Mathematica Policy Research, February 1999).
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. See, for example, James J. Kemple and Jason C. Snipes, Career Academies: Impacts on Students' Engagement and Performance in High School (New York: Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation, 2000).
10. For a review of research on school-to-work transition programs preceding the STWOA, see David Stern et al., School-to-Work: Research on Programs in the United States (London: Falmer Press, 1995).
11. The Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation Career Academy study uses this methodology. MDRC was able to do this study because there were more applicants to the academies than there were slots available. MDRC worked with program operators to randomly select an experimental group from a list of applicants to 10 career academies. Those who were not admitted formed the control group and attended the regular school program or other programs that were not career academies. Thus, given the random selection, there are no systematic differences (even in unmeasured traits such as motivation) between the experimental and the control groups.
12. Most of the studies that we report on used some technique to take account of possible observed and measured differences between the school-to-work group and the group to which they are being compared. See, for example, Thomas R. Bailey, Katherine L. Hughes, and Tavis Barr, "Achieving Scale and Quality in School-to-Work Internships: Findings from Two Employer Surveys," Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, vol. 22, 2000, pp. 41-64;
13. Westchester Institute for Human Services Research, "New York State School-to-Work Initiative Demonstrates Promising Student Results," School to Work Reporter, July 1998, pp. 1-6;
14. Nan L. Maxwell and Victor Rubin, Career Academy Programs in California: Implementation and Student Outcomes (Hayward, Calif.: Human Investment Research and Education Center, 2000);
15. and Frank Linnehan, "The Effect of Work-Based Mentoring on the Academic Performance of African-American, Urban High School Students," unpublished paper, Drexel University, Philadelphia, 1998.
16. Several studies did not use an explicit comparison group. They used a variety of strategies to draw conclusions. For example, Foothill Associates analyzed data from 42 California Partnership Academies, which enroll proportionately more at-risk students than average schools. They had data on student GPAs before and after enrollment in the academies and attributed improvements in GPAs to participation in the program. See California Partnership Academies: 1995-1996 Evaluation (Nevada City, Calif.: Foothill Associates, Summer 1997).
17. Ibid.;
18. Westchester Institute for Human Services Research, California Partnership Academies: 1995-1996 Evaluation
19. Maxwell and Rubin, California Partnership Academies: 1995-1996 Evaluation
20. Linnehan, California Partnership Academies: 1995-1996 Evaluation
21. Lawrence Hanser and Cathleen Stasz, "The Effects of Enrollment in the Transportation Academy on Student Outcomes," paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Montreal, 1999;
22. and John Bishop, Ferran Mane, and Antonio Ruiz-Quintilla, "Who Participates in School-to-Work? Initial Tabulations," unpublished paper, Bishop Association, Ithaca, N.Y., 2000.
23. F. L. Rivera-Batiz, "The Impact of School-to-Work Programs on Minority Youth," paper presented at the national invitational conference "What Do We Know About School-to-Work? Research and Practice," Center for Research in Human Development and Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, 4-5 December 2000.
24. New York State School-to-Work Opportunities System: Interim Evaluation Report: Lessons Learned (White Plains, N.Y.: Westchester Institute for Human Services Research, 1997);
25. Margaret T. Orr, Wisconsin Youth Apprenticeship Program in Printing: Evaluation, 1993-1994 (Boston: Jobs for the Future, 1996);
26. and Hanser and Stasz, Wisconsin Youth Apprenticeship Program in Printing: Evaluation, 1993-1994
27. Kemple and Snipes, Wisconsin Youth Apprenticeship Program in Printing: Evaluation, 1993-1994
28. Ibid.;
29. California Partnership Academies: 1995-1996 Evaluation;
30. Rivera-Batiz, California Partnership Academies: 1995-1996 Evaluation
31. Marc N. Elliott, Lawrence M. Hanser, and Curtis L. Gilroy, Evidence of Positive Student Outcomes in JROTC Career Academies (Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND National Defense Research Institute, 2000);
32. and Nan L. Maxwell and Victor Rubin, The Relative Impact of a Career Academy on Postsecondary Work and Education Skills in Urban, Public High Schools (Hayward, Calif.: Human Resource Investment Research and Education Center, 1997).
33. Kemple and Snipes, The Relative Impact of A Career Academy on Postsecondary Work and Education Skills in Urban, Public High Schools
34. and Wisconsin Youth Apprenticeship: Another Road to Success: A Synthesis of Findings and Outcomes from Evaluation and Research Studies (Madison: Center on Education and Work, University of Wisconsin, 1999).
35. Westchester Institute for Human Services Research, Wisconsin Youth Apprenticeship: Another Road to Success: A Synthesis of Findings and Outcomes from Evaluation and Research Studies
36. Maxwell and Rubin, Career Academy Programs in California', Evaluation of the North Carolina Job Ready Initiative: 1998 Graduate Follow-up Survey (New York: Metis Associates, 1999);
37. and What Works? Colorado High School Senior Survey, Initial Results (Denver: Colorado School-to-Career Partnership, 1999).
38. L. Allen Phelps et al., Youth Apprenticeship in Wisconsin: A Stakeholder Assessment (Madison: Center on Education and Work, University of Wisconsin, 1996);
39. Orr, Youth Apprenticeship in Wisconsin: A Stakeholder Assessment
40. and program materials of the National Academy Foundation, New York.
41. Nan L. Maxwell, Step to College: Moving from the High School Career Academy Through the Four-Year University (Berkeley, Calif.: National Center for Research in Vocational Education, MDS 1313, 1999). The ongoing Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation evaluation is following academy students for four years after scheduled high school graduation.
42. Hershey, Silverberg, and Haimson, Step to College: Moving from the High School Career Academy Through the Four-year University
43. Ibid.
44. and James J. Kemple, Susan Poglinco, and Jason C. Snipes, Career Academies: Building Career Awareness and Work-Based Learning Activities Through Employer Partnerships (New York: Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation, 1999).
45. Academy of Travel and Tourism: 1993-94 Evaluation Report (New York: Academy for Educational Development, 1995);
46. The School-to-Work System in Columbia, Missouri: A Quantitative Evaluation (Columbia, Mo.: Institute for Workforce Education, 1998);
47. Cathleen Stasz, "Students' Perceptions of Their Work-Based Learning Experiences: A Comparison of Four Programs," paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Montreal, 1999;
48. Wisconsin Youth Apprenticeship;
49. Cheryl Almeida, Susan Goldberger, and Verna Lalbeharie, Boston Supervisor Survey: Findings and Recommendations (Boston: Jobs for the Future, 1999);
50. Cathleen Stasz and Tessa Kaganoff, Learning How to Learn at Work: Lessons from Three High School Programs (Berkeley, Calif.: National Center for Research in Vocational Education, 1997);
51. Mary Agnes Hamilton and Stephen F. Hamilton, Learning Well at Work: Choices for Quality (Washington, D.C.: National School-to-Work Office, 1997);
52. and Phelps et al. Learning Well at Work: Choices for Quality
53. Westchester Institute for Human Services Research, "New York Employers Show Strong Support for School-to-Work," School to Work Reporter, March 1998, pp. 1-4;
54. and Orr, School to Work Reporter
55. Evaluation of the North Carolina JobReady Initiative: Survey of Employers (New York: Metis Associates, 1999).
56. Kemple, Poglinco, and Snipes, Evaluation of the North Carolina JobReady Initiative: Survey of Employers
57. and Hershey, Silverberg, and Haimson, Evaluation of the North Carolina JobReady Initiative: Survey of Employers
58. Bailey, Hughes, and Barr, Evaluation of the North Carolina JobReady Initiative: Survey of Employers
59. Linda Scholl and Conor Smyth, "Exit Survey of 1999 Wisconsin Graduates," Center on Education and Work, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 2000;
60. School-to-Career Initiative Demonstrates Significant Impact on Young People (Boston: Jobs for the Future, n.d.);
61. and Westchester Institute for Human Services Research, "New York Employers."
62. James Griffith, Julie Wade, and Cynthia Loeb, Postsecondary School Activities of Montgomery County Public School Graduates: High School Student Profiles Associated with Postsecondary School Activities (Rockville, Md.: Montgomery County Public Schools, Department of Educational Accountability, 1998).
63. Michelle Cahill and Linda Pitts, "Strengthening Youth Employment Prospects Through Youth Development," unpublished paper, Youth Development Institute, Fund for the City of New York, 1997;
64. and Karen Pittman, Merita Irby, and Thaddeus Ferber, "Unfinished Business: Further Reflections on a Decade of Promoting Youth Development," in Youth Development: Issues, Challenges, and Directions (Philadelphia:- Public/Private Ventures, 2000), pp. 17-64.
65. Phelps et al., Youth Development: Issues, Challenges, and Directions
66. Hamilton and Hamilton, Youth Development: Issues, Challenges, and Directions
67. and Stasz and Kaganoff, Youth Development: Issues, Challenges, and Directions
68. Westchester Institute for Human Services Research, "New York Employers"; Career Academies Program Evaluation, 1994-1995 School Year (Peoria, Ill.: Peoria Public Schools, 1995);
69. and Orr, Career Academies Program Evaluation, 1994-1995 School Year
70. James J. Kemple, Communities of Support for Students and Teachers: Emerging Findings from a 10-Site Evaluation (New York: Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation, 1997);
71. and Academy of Travel and Tourism: 1993-94 Evaluation Report.
72. Linnehan, Academy of Travel and Tourism: 1993-94 Evaluation Report
73. Hamilton and Hamilton, Academy of Travel and Tourism: 1993-94 Evaluation Report
74. and Almeida, Goldberger, and Lalbeharie, Academy of Travel and Tourism: 1993-94 Evaluation Report
75. Elizabeth H. Larson and Judith A. Vandegrift, "Seventh Grade Students' Perceptions of Career Awareness and Exploration Activities in Arizona Schools: Three-Year Trends and 1999 Results," Arizona School-to-Work Briefing Paper #18, Morrison Institute for Public Policy, Arizona State University, Tempe, 2000;
76. idem, "Tenth Grade Students' Perceptions of Career Preparation and Work Experience in Arizona Schools: Three-Year Trends and 1999 Results," Arizona School-to-Work Briefing Paper #19, Morrison Institute for Public Policy, Arizona State University, Tempe, 2000;
77. Orr, Arizona School-to-work Briefing Paper #19
78. and Phelps et al., Arizona School-to-work Briefing Paper #19
79. Jacob Balsczyc and Steven Bialek, Improving and Sustaining Kentucky's System of School-to-Work: Summary Report and Data Supplement (Madison: Center on Education and Work, University of Wisconsin, 1999);
80. and "Annual Curriculum Survey of Teachers and Counselors," Charleston County School District, Charleston, S.C., 1999.
81. Judith A. Vandegrift and Joel Wright, "Arizona's School to Work Initiative: Four-Year Trends in Public Opinion," Arizona School-to-Work Briefing Paper #17, Morrison Institute for Public Policy, Arizona State University, Tempe, 1999.
82. Bill McPherson et al. (Delta Pi Epsilon Research Team), "Perceptions and Attitudes of School Personnel Towards Educator Externships," unpublished paper, 2000;
83. "Annual Curriculum Survey";
84. and Career Academies Program Evaluation.
85. Kemple, Career Academies Program Evaluation
86. Peter Cappelli, Daniel Shapiro, and Nichole Shumanis, Employer Participation in School-to-Work Programs (Philadelphia: National Center on the Educational Quality of the Workforce, University of Pennsylvania, 1998).
87. Daniel Shapiro, School-to-Work Partnerships and Employer Participation: Evidence on Persistence and Attrition from the National Employer Survey (Philadelphia: Institute for Research on Higher Education, University of Pennsylvania, January 1999).
88. Lara Hulsey, Michelle Van Noy, and Marsha Silverberg, The 1998 National Survey of Local School-to-Work Partnerships: Data Summary (Princeton, N.J.: Mathematica Policy Research, 1999).
89. Hershey, Silverberg, and Haimson, The 1998 National Survey of Local School-to-work Partnerships: Data Summary
90. Almeida, Goldberger, and Lalbeharie, The 1998 National Survey of Local School-to-work Partnerships: Data Summary
91. Hershey, Silverberg, and Haimson, The 1998 National Survey of Local School-to-work Partnerships: Data Summary
92. and Westchester Institute for Human Service Research, "New York Employers."
93. Westchester Institute for Human Service Research, "New York Employers";
94. L. Allen Phelps and Misug Jin, "Wisconsin Employer Survey," Division of Connecting Education and Work, Department of Workforce Development, Madison, 1997.
95. Almeida, Goldberger, and Lalbeharie, Wisconsin Employer Survey
96. and Bailey, Hughes, and Barr, Wisconsin Employer Survey
97. Westchester Institute for Human Service Research, "New York Employers."
98. Laurie J. Bassi and Jens Ludwig, "School-to-Work Programs in the United States: A Multi-Firm Case Study of Training, Benefits, and Costs," Industrial and Labor Relations Review, vol. 53, 2000, pp. 219-39;
99. Phelps and Jin, Industrial and Labor Relations Review
100. Daniel Shapiro and Maria Iannozzi, "Benefits to Bridging Work and School," Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol 559, 1998, pp. 157-66;
101. Almeida, Goldberger, and Lalbeharie, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
102. Evaluation of the North Carolina JobReady Initiative: Survey of Employers;
103. and Frank Linnehan, "Measuring the Effectiveness of a Career Academy Program from an Employer's Perspective," Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, vol. 18, 1996, pp. 73-89.