Human tissue-temperature rise during ultrasound treatments with the aquaflex gel pad

Journal of Athletic Training

Volumn 39, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 126-131

  Bishop, Sunnee ^a   Draper, David O ^a   Knight, Kenneth L ^a   Feland, J Brent ^a   Eggett, Dennis ^a  

^a BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Phonophoresis; Ultrasound coupling media

Indexed keywords

ACHILLES TENDON; ADULT; ANKLE; ARTICLE; FEMALE; GEL; HEATING; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; TEMPERATURE; TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT; TISSUE; ULTRASOUND THERAPY;

EID: 2542641700     PISSN: 10626050     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Bracciano AG. Therapeutic ultrasound and phonophoresis. In: Physical Agent Modalities: Theory and Application for the Occupational Therapist. Thorofare, NJ: FA Davis; 2000:63-80.
2. Ashton DF, Draper DO, Myrer JW. Temperature rise in human muscle during ultrasound treatments using Flex-All as a coupling agent. J Athl Train. 1998;33:136-140.
3. Draper DO, Schulthies S, Sovisto P, Hautala AM. Temperature changes in deep muscles of humans during ice and ultrasound therapies: an in vivo study. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1995;21:153-157.
4. Draper DO, Sunderland S, Kirkendall DT, Ricard M. A comparison of temperature rise in human calf muscles following applications of underwater and topical gel ultrasound. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1993;17: 247-251.
5. Kramer IF. Ultrasound: evaluation of its mechanical and thermal effects. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1984;65:223-227.
6. Lehmann JF, DeLateur BJ, Silverman DR. Selective heating effects of ultrasound in human beings. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1966;47:331-339.
7. Dyson M, Suckling J. Stimulation of tissue repair by ultrasound: a survey of the mechanisms involved. Physiotherapy. 1978;64:105-108.
8. Hayes KW. The use of ultrasound to decrease pain and improve mobility. Crit Rev Phys Med Rehabil Med. 1992;3:271-287.
9. Lehmann JF, DeLateur BJ. Therapeutic heat. In: Lehmann JF, ed. Therapeutic Heat and Cold. 4th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1990:207-245.
10. Klaiman MD, Shrader JS, Hicks JE, Danoff JV. Phonophoresis compared to ultrasound in the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal conditions [abstract]. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27:S51.
11. Dyson M. Mechanisms involved in therapeutic ultrasound. Physiotherapy. 1987;73:116-120.
12. Lehmann JF, DeLateur BJ. Krusen's Handbook of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1982:304-322, 332-342.
13. Gersten JW. Effect of ultrasound on tendon extensibility. Am J Phys Med. 1955;34:362-369.
14. Baker RJ, Bell GW. The effect of therapeutic modalities of blood flow in the human calf. J Orthop Sports Ther. 1991;13:23-27.
15. Schrieber TU, Macher D, Mengs J, Callies R. Dose-dependent effects of therapeutic ultrasound to tissue blood flow detected by laser-doppler-spectroscopy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;77:937.
16. Balmaseda MT Jr, Fatehi MT, Koozekanani SH, Lee AL. Ultrasound therapy: a comparative study of different coupling media. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1986;67:147-150.
17. Benson HAE, McElnay JC. Transmission of ultrasound energy through topical pharmaceutical products. Physiotherapy. 1988;74:587-589.
18. Benson HAE, McElnay JC. Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory products as ultrasound couplants: their potential in phonophoresis. Physiotherapy. 1994;80:74-76.
19. Cameron MH, Monroe LG. Relative transmission of ultrasound by media customarily used for phonophoresis. Phys Ther. 1992;72:142-148.
20. Docker MF, Foulkes DJ, Patrick MK. Ultrasound couplants for physiotherapy. Physiotherapy. 1982;68:124-125.
21. Forrest G, Rosen K. Ultrasound: effectiveness of treatments given under water. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1989;70:28-29.
22. Forrest G, Rosen K. Ultrasound treatments in degassed water. J Sport Rehabil. 1992;1:284-289.
23. Griffin JE. Transmissiveness of ultrasound through tap water, glycerin, and mineral oil. Phys Ther. 1980;60:1010-1016.
24. Klucine B. The effectiveness of the Aquaflex gel pad in the transmission of acoustic energy. J Athl Train. 1996;31:313-317.
25. Klucinec B, Scheilder M, Denegar C, Domholdt E, Burgess S. Transmissivity of coupling agents used to deliver ultrasound through indirect methods. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2000;30:263-269.
26. Pose A, Lee Foo D. Evaluation of ultrasound couplants. Med Ultrasound. 1979;3:77-78.
27. Reid DC, Cummings GE. Efficiency of ultrasound coupling agents. Physiotherapy. 1977;63:255-257.
28. Prentice WE, Draper DO. Therapeutic ultrasound. In: Prentice WE, ed. Therapeutic Modalities for Allied Health Professionals. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1998:285-288.
29. Denegar CR. Therapeutic Modalities for Athletic Injuries. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2000:161-164.
30. Starkey C. Therapeutic Modalities. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: FA Davis; 1999:283-291.
31. Nault P. Applying ultrasound to irregular surfaces. PT Magazine. 1993; 1:94.
32. Merrick MA, Mihalyov MR, Roethemeier JL, Cordova ML, Ingersoll CD. A comparison of intramuscular temperatures during ultrasound treatments with coupling gel or gel pads. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2002;32:216-220.
33. Draper DO, Castel JC, Castel D. Rate of temperature increase in human muscle during 1 MHz and 3 MHz continuous ultrasound. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1995;22:142-150.
34. Isothermex-Electronic Thermometer: Instruction Manual. Columbus, OH: Columbus Instruments; 1992.
35. Buchtala V. The present state of ultrasonic therapy. Br J Phys Med. 1952; 15:3.
36. Littell RC, Milliken GA, Stroup WW, Wolfinger RD. SAS System for Mixed Models. Version 8.1. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc; 1996:633.
37. Rose S, Draper DO, Schulthies SS, Durrant E. The stretching window part two: rate of thermal decay in deep muscle following 1-MHz ultrasound. J Athl Train. 1996;31:139-143.
38. Draper DO, Ricard MD. Rate of temperature decay in human muscle following 3MHz ultrasound: the stretching window revealed. J Athl Train. 1995;30:304-307.
39. Chan AK, Myrer JW, Measom G, Draper DO. Temperature changes in human patellar tendon in response to therapeutic ultrasound. J Athl Train. 1998;33:130-135.