The violence of adolescent life: Experiencing and managing everyday threats

Youth and Society

Volumn 35, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 452-479

  Irwin, Katherine ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

Author keywords

Interaction patterns; Neighborhood; Youth violence

Indexed keywords

EID: 2542602229     PISSN: 0044118X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0044118X03260759     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Anderson, E. (1999). Code of the street: Decency, violence, and the moral life of the inner city. New York: Norton.
2. Arria, A. M., Wood, N. P., & Anthony, J. C. (1995). Prevalence of carrying a weapon and related behaviors in urban schoolchildren, 1989 to 1993. Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine, 149, 1345-1450.
3. Bankston, W. B., & Thompson, C. Y. (1989). Carrying firearms for protection: A causal model. Sociological Inquiry, 59, 75-87.
4. Barzagan, M. (1994). The effects of health, environmental, and socio-psychological variables on fear of crime and its consequences among urban Black elderly individuals. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 38, 99-115.
5. Becker, H. (1963). Outsiders: Studies in the sociology of deviance. London: Free Press.
6. Biernacki, P., & Waldorf, D. (1981). Snowball sampling: Problems and techniques of chain referral sampling. Sociological Methods and Research, 10, 141-163.
7. Blumstein, A. (1995). Youth violence, guns, and the illicit-drug industry. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 86, 10-36.
8. Blumstein, A., & Cork, D. (1996). Linking gun availability to youth gun violence. Law and Contemporary Problems, 59, 5-24.
9. Blumstein, A., & Wallman, J. (2000). The crime drop in America. New York: Cambridge University Press.
10. Bourgois, P. (1996). In search of masculinity: Violence, respect and sexuality among Puerto Rican crack dealers in East Harlem. British Journal of Criminology, 36, 412-427.
11. Bourgois, P. I. (1995). In search of respect: Selling crack in El Barrio. New York: Cambridge University Press.
12. Bursik, R. J., & Grasmick, H. G. (1993). Neighborhoods and crime: The dimensions of effective community control. New York: Lexington.
13. Chiricos, T., Eschholz, S., & Gertz, M. (1997). Crime, news, and fear of crime: Toward an identification of audience effects. Social Problems, 44, 342-357.
14. Chiricos, T., Padgett, K., & Gertz, M. (2000). Fear, TV news, and the reality of crime. Criminology, 38, 755-786.
15. Cloward, R., & Ohlin, L. (1960). Delinquency and opportunity. New York: Free Press.
16. Cook, P. J., & Laub, J. H. (1998). The unprecedented epidemic in youth violence. In M. Tonry & M. H. Moore (Eds.), Youth violence. Crime and justice: A review of research (pp. 27-64). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
17. Decker, S., & Van Winkle, B. (1996). Life in the gang: Family, friends and violence. New York: Cambridge University Press.
18. Elliott, D. S. (1994). Serious violent offenders - Onset, developmental course, and termination. The American Society of Criminology 1993 presidential address. Criminology, 32, 1-21.
19. Elliott, D. S., Huizinga, D., & Ageton, S. S. (1985). Explaining delinquency and drug use. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
20. Elliott, D. S., Wilson, W. J., Huizinga, D., Sampson, R. J., Elliott, A., & Rankin, B. (1996). The effects of neighborhood disadvantage on adolescent development. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 33, 389-426.
21. Ferraro, K. F. (1995). Fear of crime: Interpreting victimization risk. Albany: State University of New York Press.
22. Furstenberg, F. F., Jr., Cook, T. D., Eccles, J., Elder, G. H., Jr., & Sameroff, A. (1999). Managing to make it: Urban families and adolescent success. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
23. Gendreau, P., & Ross, R. R. (1980). Effective correctional treatment. Toronto, Canada: Butterworths.
24. Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Chicago: Aldine.
25. Hawkins, J. D., Herrenkohl, T. L., Farrington, D. P., Brewer, D., Catalano, R. F., & Karachi, T. W. (1998). A review of predictors of youth violence. In R. Loeber & D. P. Farrington (Eds.), Serious and violent juvenile offenders: Risk factors and successful interventions (pp. 106-146). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
26. Jones, M. B., & Offord, D. R. (1989). Reduction of antisocial behavior in poor children by nonschool skill-development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 30, 737-750.
27. Kelly, D. H. (1974). Track position and delinquent involvement: A preliminary analysis. Sociology and Social Research, 58, 380-386.
28. Lavrakas, P. J. (1982). Fear of crime and behavioral restrictions in urban and suburban neighborhoods. Population and Environment, 5, 242-264.
29. Lipsey, M. W., & Derzon, J. H. (1998). Predictors of violent and serious delinquency in adolescence and early adulthood: A synthesis of longitudinal research. In R. Loeber & D. P. Farrington (Eds.), Serious and violent juvenile offenders: Risk factors and successful interventions (pp. 86-105). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
30. Lipsey, M. W., & Wilson, D. B. (1997). Effective interventions for serious juvenile offenders: A synthesis of research. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University.
31. Liska, A. E., Sanchirico, A., & Reed, M. D. (1988). Fear of crime and constrained behavior: Specifying and estimating a reciprocal effects model. Social Forces, 66, 827-837.
32. Martinson, R. (1974, spring). What works? Questions and answers about prison reform. Public Interest, 35, 22-54.
33. Matsueda, R. L., & Heimer, K. (1987). Race, family structure, and delinquency: A test of differential association and social control theories. American Sociological Review, 52, 826-840.
34. Oakes, J. (1985). Keeping track: How schools structure inequality. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
35. O'Keefe, G. J., & Reid-Nash, K. (1987). Crime news and real-world blues: The effects of the media on social reality. Communication Research, 14, 147-163.
36. Pain, R. H. (1997). "Old age" and ageism in urban research: The case of fear of crime. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 21, 117-128.
37. Regnery, A. S. (1985). Getting away with murder. Policy Review, 34, 1-4.
38. Sampson, R. J. (1985). Neighborhood and crime: The structural determinants of personal victimization. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 22, 7-40.
39. Schinke, S. P., Orlandi, M. A., & Cole, K. C. (1992). Boys & Girls Clubs in public housing developments: Prevention services for youth at risk. Journal of Community Psychology (OSAP Special Issue), 118-128.
40. Sechrest, L., White, S., & Brown, E. (1979). Rehabilitation of criminal offenders: Problems and prospects. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.
41. Sherman, L. W., Gottfredson, D. C., MacKenzie, D., Eck, J., Reuter, P., & Bushway, S. (1997). Preventing crime: What works, what doesn't, what's promising: A report to the U.S. Congress. College Park: University of Maryland.
42. Simcha-Fagan, O., & Schwartz, J. E. (1986). Neighborhood and delinquency: An assessment of contextual effects. Criminology, 24, 667-703.
43. Snyder, H. N., & Sickmund, M. (1999). Juvenile offenders and victims: 1999 national report (NCJ 178257). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
44. Snyder, H. N., Sickmund, M., & Poe-Yamagata, E. (1996). Juvenile offenders and victims: 1996 update on violence. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
45. Tittle, C. R., Burke, M. J., & Jackson, E. F. (1986). Modeling Sutherland's theory of differential association: Toward an empirical clarification. Social Forces, 65, 405-432.
46. Warr, M. (1996). Organization and instigation in delinquent groups. Criminology, 34, 11-37.
47. Warr, M. (2002). Companions in crime: The social aspects of criminal conduct. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
48. Warr, M., & Stafford, M. (1991). The influence of delinquent peers: What they think or what they do? Criminology, 29, 851-866.
49. Wilson, W. J. (1996). When work disappears: The world of the new urban poor. New York: Knopf.