The life and work of Charles Tomlinson FRS: A career in Victorian science and technology

Notes and Records of the Royal Society

Volumn 58, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 203-226

  Kurzer, Frederick ^a  

^a ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Charles Tomlinson FRS; Meteorology; Supersaturation; Surface tension phenomena; Victorian science and technology

Indexed keywords

EID: 2542577166     PISSN: 00359149     EISSN: 17430178     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2004.0056     Document Type: Review

References (255)

1. [E. W. Allen], The biograph and review (London, 1879-81), vol. 6, pp. 265-269 (1881).
2. [E. Irving Carlyle], Dictionary of national biography [hereafter DNB], vol. 19, pp. 945-946 (1917).
3. [Obituary], Nature 55, 371 (1897); The Times, 16 February 1897; Br. Chess Mag. 17, 109-114 (1897); Notes and Queries 11 [VIII], 160. See also note 114.
4. [Obituary], Nature 55, 371 (1897); The Times, 16 February 1897; Br. Chess Mag. 17, 109-114 (1897); Notes and Queries 11 [VIII], 160. See also note 114.
5. [Obituary], Nature 55, 371 (1897); The Times, 16 February 1897; Br. Chess Mag. 17, 109-114 (1897); Notes and Queries 11 [VIII], 160. See also note 114.
6. [Obituary], Nature 55, 371 (1897); The Times, 16 February 1897; Br. Chess Mag. 17, 109-114 (1897); Notes and Queries 11 [VIII], 160. See also note 114.
7. Mary Tomlinson, The life of Charles Tomlinson, FRS, FCS etc, by his niece (E. Stock, London, 1900).
8. Thomas Kelly, George Birkbeck. Pioneer of adult education (Liverpool University Press, 1957).
9. C. Tomlinson, The student's manual of natural philosophy (John W. Parker, London, 1838).
10. John William Parker (1792-1870) established his publishing house at 445 Strand, in 1832 and was appointed Publisher to the Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge, and Printer to the University of Cambridge in 1836. He published the works of such eminent authors as John Stuart Mill, Buckle, Whewell, Kingsley and Froude, and issued major textbooks, several written by his neighbours, the professors of King's College. DNB 15, 251-252 (1917).
11. William Snow Harris (1791-1867; FRS 1831), physicist and engineer; DNB 9, 30-31 (1917).
12. J. F. Daniell, Elements of meteorology (John W. Parker, London, 1848), i.e. 3rd edn of Meteorological essays and observations (T. & G. Underwood, London, 1823-27).
13. J. F. Daniell, Elements of meteorology (John W. Parker, London, 1848), i.e. 3rd edn of Meteorological essays and observations (T. & G. Underwood, London, 1823-27).
14. Tomlinson's volumes on meteorology, first appearing in the 1840s, were frequently reissued; in the following list some later editions are specified: (i) The rain-cloud and the snow-storm (SPCK, London, 1846). (ii) The thunderstorm: an account of the properties of lightning and of atmospheric electricity in various parts of the world (SPCK, London, new eds 1859 and 1877). (iii) The tempest (SPCK, London, new edn 1861). (iv) The dew-drop and the mist (SPCK, London, new edn 1861). (v) Winter in the Arctic regions and summer in the Antarctic regions (SPCK, London, new edns 1861, 1873). (vi) The frozen stream: an account of ice, in various parts of the world (SPCK, London, 1862).
15. W. A. Miller, Elements of chemistry (London 1855-57); 6th (last) edn revised by H. E. Armstrong and C. E. Groves (John W. Parker, London, 1880).
16. [King's College], Report from the Council to the Annual General Court of Governors and Proprietors 1858 (London, 1858).
17. [C. Tomlinson], Inaugural Lecture held at ... the Birkbeck Literary and Scientific Institution, 1883 (for the author, London, 1883).
18. C. Tomlinson, Cyclopaedia of useful arts, mechanical and chemical, manufacture, mining and engineering, with an introductory essay on the Great Exhibition of the works of industry of all nations (Virtue & Co, London, 1852-54). New edition: With an introductory essay on invention (of Printing ...) (Virtue & Co., London, 1861-66).
19. C. Tomlinson, Cyclopaedia of useful arts, mechanical and chemical, manufacture, mining and engineering, with an introductory essay on the Great Exhibition of the works of industry of all nations (Virtue & Co, London, 1852-54). New edition: With an introductory essay on invention (of Printing ...) (Virtue & Co., London, 1861-66).
20. Virtue & Co. were the proprietors of the Art Journal and publishers of illustrated topographical and art books of unsurpassed quality and beauty, which incorporated the work of the first artists and engravers of the age. They were reputed to have issued over 20000 copper and steel engravings during their business career. DNB 20, 384-385 (1917); Art J., May 1892.
21. Virtue & Co. were the proprietors of the Art Journal and publishers of illustrated topographical and art books of unsurpassed quality and beauty, which incorporated the work of the first artists and engravers of the age. They were reputed to have issued over 20000 copper and steel engravings during their business career. DNB 20, 384-385 (1917); Art J., May 1892.
22. The parts, consisting of 48 (and later 36) pages and the appropriate engraved plate, were issued in wrappers at the price of one shilling (or 25 cents in the USA). The complete work, bound in two volumes, cloth gilt, was sold for £2 5s.
23. They included Joseph Wilson Lowry (1803-79) FRGS, notable for his mastery of technical subjects. DNB 32, 212-213 (1917). James Basire (1796-1869) represented the fourth generation of an unbroken line of engravers extending over 150 years. DNB 1, 1278-1280 (1917).
24. They included Joseph Wilson Lowry (1803-79) FRGS, notable for his mastery of technical subjects. DNB 32, 212-213 (1917). James Basire (1796-1869) represented the fourth generation of an unbroken line of engravers extending over 150 years. DNB 1, 1278-1280 (1917).
25. See also C. Tomlinson, On the invention of printing (privately printed, London 1865).
26. The article appeared subsequently in book form under a different imprint, but with the original illustrations: G. F. Ansell, The Royal Mint: Its working, conduct and operation ... with suggestions for its better scientific and official management (Effingham Wilson, London, 1870).
27. Encyclopaedia Britannica or Dictionary of arts, science and general literature, 8th edn (Adam & Charles Black, Edinburgh, 1853-60). Tomlinson was listed among the principal authors, in the company of such leading scientists as Brewster, Herschel and Playfair. His were chiefly industrial topics, including gas-lighting, pottery, sugar and tobacco.
28. English cyclopaedia (London, 1854-62) and supplements (Charles Knight, London, 1869-73).
29. The copyright of these volumes, forming Weale's Rudimentary Series, was acquired by Virtue & Co, who continued to reprint them. The following list quotes their number in the series (when known) and the year of publication of an accessible edition: Rudimentary mechanics (London, 1849; later edns 1851, 1867) (no. 6); A rudimentary treatise on warming and ventilation (London, 1850; later edn 1858); Pneumatics for the use of beginners (London, 1848), reissued as Pneumatics, including accoustics and the phenomena of wind currents (London, 1887) (no. 12); Experimental essays (London, 1863) (no. 14).
30. The copyright of these volumes, forming Weale's Rudimentary Series, was acquired by Virtue & Co, who continued to reprint them. The following list quotes their number in the series (when known) and the year of publication of an accessible edition: Rudimentary mechanics (London, 1849; later edns 1851, 1867) (no. 6); A rudimentary treatise on warming and ventilation (London, 1850; later edn 1858); Pneumatics for the use of beginners (London, 1848), reissued as Pneumatics, including accoustics and the phenomena of wind currents (London, 1887) (no. 12); Experimental essays (London, 1863) (no. 14).
31. The copyright of these volumes, forming Weale's Rudimentary Series, was acquired by Virtue & Co, who continued to reprint them. The following list quotes their number in the series (when known) and the year of publication of an accessible edition: Rudimentary mechanics (London, 1849; later edns 1851, 1867) (no. 6); A rudimentary treatise on warming and ventilation (London, 1850; later edn 1858); Pneumatics for the use of beginners (London, 1848), reissued as Pneumatics, including accoustics and the phenomena of wind currents (London, 1887) (no. 12); Experimental essays (London, 1863) (no. 14).
32. The copyright of these volumes, forming Weale's Rudimentary Series, was acquired by Virtue & Co, who continued to reprint them. The following list quotes their number in the series (when known) and the year of publication of an accessible edition: Rudimentary mechanics (London, 1849; later edns 1851, 1867) (no. 6); A rudimentary treatise on warming and ventilation (London, 1850; later edn 1858); Pneumatics for the use of beginners (London, 1848), reissued as Pneumatics, including accoustics and the phenomena of wind currents (London, 1887) (no. 12); Experimental essays (London, 1863) (no. 14).
33. The copyright of these volumes, forming Weale's Rudimentary Series, was acquired by Virtue & Co, who continued to reprint them. The following list quotes their number in the series (when known) and the year of publication of an accessible edition: Rudimentary mechanics (London, 1849; later edns 1851, 1867) (no. 6); A rudimentary treatise on warming and ventilation (London, 1850; later edn 1858); Pneumatics for the use of beginners (London, 1848), reissued as Pneumatics, including accoustics and the phenomena of wind currents (London, 1887) (no. 12); Experimental essays (London, 1863) (no. 14).
34. Introduction to the study of natural philosophy (London, 1848); The natural history of common salt (London, 1855-64); Illustrations of the useful arts and manufacturers (London, 1859); Objects in art and manufacture (Board of Trade, London, 1854); History of printing (SPCK, London, 1855, 1862); Illustrations of trades (SPCK, London, 1860); The magnifying glass (London, 1867); Experiments on a lump of camphor (Virtue & Co., London, 1876).
35. Introduction to the study of natural philosophy (London, 1848); The natural history of common salt (London, 1855-64); Illustrations of the useful arts and manufacturers (London, 1859); Objects in art and manufacture (Board of Trade, London, 1854); History of printing (SPCK, London, 1855, 1862); Illustrations of trades (SPCK, London, 1860); The magnifying glass (London, 1867); Experiments on a lump of camphor (Virtue & Co., London, 1876).
36. Introduction to the study of natural philosophy (London, 1848); The natural history of common salt (London, 1855-64); Illustrations of the useful arts and manufacturers (London, 1859); Objects in art and manufacture (Board of Trade, London, 1854); History of printing (SPCK, London, 1855, 1862); Illustrations of trades (SPCK, London, 1860); The magnifying glass (London, 1867); Experiments on a lump of camphor (Virtue & Co., London, 1876).
37. Introduction to the study of natural philosophy (London, 1848); The natural history of common salt (London, 1855-64); Illustrations of the useful arts and manufacturers (London, 1859); Objects in art and manufacture (Board of Trade, London, 1854); History of printing (SPCK, London, 1855, 1862); Illustrations of trades (SPCK, London, 1860); The magnifying glass (London, 1867); Experiments on a lump of camphor (Virtue & Co., London, 1876).
38. Introduction to the study of natural philosophy (London, 1848); The natural history of common salt (London, 1855-64); Illustrations of the useful arts and manufacturers (London, 1859); Objects in art and manufacture (Board of Trade, London, 1854); History of printing (SPCK, London, 1855, 1862); Illustrations of trades (SPCK, London, 1860); The magnifying glass (London, 1867); Experiments on a lump of camphor (Virtue & Co., London, 1876).
39. Introduction to the study of natural philosophy (London, 1848); The natural history of common salt (London, 1855-64); Illustrations of the useful arts and manufacturers (London, 1859); Objects in art and manufacture (Board of Trade, London, 1854); History of printing (SPCK, London, 1855, 1862); Illustrations of trades (SPCK, London, 1860); The magnifying glass (London, 1867); Experiments on a lump of camphor (Virtue & Co., London, 1876).
40. Introduction to the study of natural philosophy (London, 1848); The natural history of common salt (London, 1855-64); Illustrations of the useful arts and manufacturers (London, 1859); Objects in art and manufacture (Board of Trade, London, 1854); History of printing (SPCK, London, 1855, 1862); Illustrations of trades (SPCK, London, 1860); The magnifying glass (London, 1867); Experiments on a lump of camphor (Virtue & Co., London, 1876).
41. Introduction to the study of natural philosophy (London, 1848); The natural history of common salt (London, 1855-64); Illustrations of the useful arts and manufacturers (London, 1859); Objects in art and manufacture (Board of Trade, London, 1854); History of printing (SPCK, London, 1855, 1862); Illustrations of trades (SPCK, London, 1860); The magnifying glass (London, 1867); Experiments on a lump of camphor (Virtue & Co., London, 1876).
42. Tomlinson, Natural philosophy (note 23).
43. C. Tomlinson, The construction of locks. Compiled from the Papers of A. C. Hobbs of New York and edited by C.T. (Virtue & Co., London, 1853).
44. Tomlinson, item ii (note 10).
45. A. Poëy, 'Relation historique et théorie des images photo-électriques de la foudre observées depuis l'an 360 de notre ère jusqu'en 1860', Cosmos, Revue Encyclopédique Hebdomadaire des Progrès des Sciences (par l'Abbé F. Moigno), pp. 407-494 (1861).
46. C. Tomlinson, 'On lightning figures', Br. Assoc. Rep. 31, 48-49 (1861); Edinb. New Phil. J. 14, 254-262 (1861); 15, 46-52 (1862); Nature 12, 9-11 (1875); Symons's Meteorol. Mag. 18, 104-106 (1883); J. Photogr. Soc. 7, 293 (1862).
47. C. Tomlinson, 'On lightning figures', Br. Assoc. Rep. 31, 48-49 (1861); Edinb. New Phil. J. 14, 254-262 (1861); 15, 46-52 (1862); Nature 12, 9-11 (1875); Symons's Meteorol. Mag. 18, 104-106 (1883); J. Photogr. Soc. 7, 293 (1862).
48. C. Tomlinson, 'On lightning figures', Br. Assoc. Rep. 31, 48-49 (1861); Edinb. New Phil. J. 14, 254-262 (1861); 15, 46-52 (1862); Nature 12, 9-11 (1875); Symons's Meteorol. Mag. 18, 104-106 (1883); J. Photogr. Soc. 7, 293 (1862).
49. C. Tomlinson, 'On lightning figures', Br. Assoc. Rep. 31, 48-49 (1861); Edinb. New Phil. J. 14, 254-262 (1861); 15, 46-52 (1862); Nature 12, 9-11 (1875); Symons's Meteorol. Mag. 18, 104-106 (1883); J. Photogr. Soc. 7, 293 (1862).
50. C. Tomlinson, 'On lightning figures', Br. Assoc. Rep. 31, 48-49 (1861); Edinb. New Phil. J. 14, 254-262 (1861); 15, 46-52 (1862); Nature 12, 9-11 (1875); Symons's Meteorol. Mag. 18, 104-106 (1883); J. Photogr. Soc. 7, 293 (1862).
51. C. Tomlinson, 'On lightning figures', Br. Assoc. Rep. 31, 48-49 (1861); Edinb. New Phil. J. 14, 254-262 (1861); 15, 46-52 (1862); Nature 12, 9-11 (1875); Symons's Meteorol. Mag. 18, 104-106 (1883); J. Photogr. Soc. 7, 293 (1862).
52. C. Tomlinson, 'On some effects of lightning', Phil. Mag. 25, 114-122 (1888); 27, 208 (1889); 'Atmospheric electricity', Nature 40, 102 (1889).
53. C. Tomlinson, 'On some effects of lightning', Phil. Mag. 25, 114-122 (1888); 27, 208 (1889); 'Atmospheric electricity', Nature 40, 102 (1889).
54. C. Tomlinson, 'On some effects of lightning', Phil. Mag. 25, 114-122 (1888); 27, 208 (1889); 'Atmospheric electricity', Nature 40, 102 (1889).
55. C. Tomlinson, 'Are thunderstorms more frequent in towns than in the open country?', Symons's Meteorol. Mag. 23, 121-122 (1888), and op. cit. (note 29).
56. C. Tomlinson, 'Are thunderstorms more frequent in towns than in the open country?', Symons's Meteorol. Mag. 23, 121-122 (1888), and op. cit. (note 29).
57. C. Tomlinson, 'On some effects of lightning', Nature 40, 366 (1889); 'On lightning and gunpowder magazines', Phil. Mag. 28, 368-375 (1889).
58. C. Tomlinson, 'On some effects of lightning', Nature 40, 366 (1889); 'On lightning and gunpowder magazines', Phil. Mag. 28, 368-375 (1889).
59. C. Tomlinson, 'On the theory of hail', Phil. Mag. 28, 169-184 (1889); Nature 40, 203 (1889).
60. C. Tomlinson, 'On the theory of hail', Phil. Mag. 28, 169-184 (1889); Nature 40, 203 (1889).
61. Robert Fitzroy (1805-65; FRS 1851), Vice-Admiral, meteorologist, commander of HMS Beagle during Darwin's voyages (1831-36); DNB 7, 207-209 (1917).
62. C. Tomlinson, 'An experimental examination of the so-called storm-glass', Phil Mag. 26, 93-109 (1863).
63. Tomlinson, item iv (note 10), chs II-V.
64. William Charles Wells (1757-1817; FRS 1793), MD, physician; DNB 20, 1146-1147 (1917); Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 14 (C. Scribner & Sons, New York, 1971), pp. 253-254.
65. William Charles Wells (1757-1817; FRS 1793), MD, physician; DNB 20, 1146-1147 (1917); Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 14 (C. Scribner & Sons, New York, 1971), pp. 253-254.
66. W. C. Wells, An essay on dew and several appearances connected with it (Taylor & Hessey, London, 1814).
67. C. Tomlinson, 'On the claim of Dr Wells to be regarded as the author of the theory of dew', Edinb. New Phil. J. 13, 56-83 (1861); 'On simultaneous temperatures at different heights', Symons's Meteorol. Mag. 18, 117-119 (1883).
68. C. Tomlinson, 'On the claim of Dr Wells to be regarded as the author of the theory of dew', Edinb. New Phil. J. 13, 56-83 (1861); 'On simultaneous temperatures at different heights', Symons's Meteorol. Mag. 18, 117-119 (1883).
69. Patrick Wilson (1758-71811), professor of Astronomy at Glasgow University; DNB 21, 545-546 (1917).
70. P. Wilson, 'Experiments and observations upon a remarkable cold', Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. 1 (ii), 146-177 (1788) (communicated by Dr Black, 5 July 1784).
71. John Aitken (1839-1919; FRS 1889), Experimental scientist and meteorologist; DNB (Missing Persons, 1993), p. 7.
72. J. Aitken, 'On dew', Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. 33, 9-64 (1888); Nature 33, 256-258 (1886).
73. J. Aitken, 'On dew', Trans. R. Soc. Edinb. 33, 9-64 (1888); Nature 33, 256-258 (1886).
74. C. Tomlinson, 'Remarks on a new theory of dew', Phil. Mag. 21, 438-494 (1886); 22, 270-272 (1886). The latter note is a reply to Aitken's objections (ibid., pp. 206-212), and elicited another sharp reply from Aitken (ibid., pp. 363-368).
75. C. Tomlinson, 'Remarks on a new theory of dew', Phil. Mag. 21, 438-494 (1886); 22, 270-272 (1886). The latter note is a reply to Aitken's objections (ibid., pp. 206-212), and elicited another sharp reply from Aitken (ibid., pp. 363-368).
76. C. Tomlinson, 'Remarks on a new theory of dew', Phil. Mag. 21, 438-494 (1886); 22, 270-272 (1886). The latter note is a reply to Aitken's objections (ibid., pp. 206-212), and elicited another sharp reply from Aitken (ibid., pp. 363-368).
77. C. Tomlinson, 'Remarks on a new theory of dew', Phil. Mag. 21, 438-494 (1886); 22, 270-272 (1886). The latter note is a reply to Aitken's objections (ibid., pp. 206-212), and elicited another sharp reply from Aitken (ibid., pp. 363-368).
78. C. Tomlinson, 'Note on the weather a century ago', Symons's Meteorol. Mag. 20, 50-52 (1885).
79. C. Tomlinson, 'Experiments and observations on visible vibrations', Thomson's Rec. Sci. I, 358-367, 433-439 (1835); II, 124-133; III, 194-200, 364-370; IV, 12-20, 419-427 (1836).
80. C. Tomlinson, 'Experiments and observations on visible vibrations', Thomson's Rec. Sci. I, 358-367, 433-439 (1835); II, 124-133; III, 194-200, 364-370; IV, 12-20, 419-427 (1836).
81. C. Tomlinson, 'Experiments and observations on visible vibrations', Thomson's Rec. Sci. I, 358-367, 433-439 (1835); II, 124-133; III, 194-200, 364-370; IV, 12-20, 419-427 (1836).
82. C. Tomlinson, 'Experiments and observations on visible vibrations', Thomson's Rec. Sci. I, 358-367, 433-439 (1835); II, 124-133; III, 194-200, 364-370; IV, 12-20, 419-427 (1836).
83. C. Tomlinson, 'On the accidental colours of certain solutions of mercury', Thomson's Rec. Sci. I, 439-440 (1835); 'On accidental and complementary colours, ibid., II, 21-27 (1835).
84. C. Tomlinson, 'On the accidental colours of certain solutions of mercury', Thomson's Rec. Sci. I, 439-440 (1835); 'On accidental and complementary colours, ibid., II, 21-27 (1835).
85. C. Tomlinson, 'On the theory of accidental and complementary colours', Thomson's Rec. Sci. II, 21-27; 283-295 (1835); IV, 208-217; 288-297 (1836).
86. C. Tomlinson, 'On the theory of accidental and complementary colours', Thomson's Rec. Sci. II, 21-27; 283-295 (1835); IV, 208-217; 288-297 (1836).
87. C. Tomlinson, 'Experiments and observations on the colour of thin plates', Mechanics 'Mag. 29, 394-395 (1838); op. cit. (note 6), pp. 545-549.
88. C. Tomlinson, 'Experiments and observations on the colour of thin plates', Mechanics 'Mag. 29, 394-395 (1838); op. cit. (note 6), pp. 545-549.
89. D. Brewster, 'On the phenomena of thin plates exposed to polarized light', Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 131, 43-58 (1841).
90. C. Tomlinson, 'On the action of flashes of light on rapidly rotating disks', Thomson's Rec. Sci. III, 41-44; IV, 135-142 (1836); 'On an optical illusion', Sturgeon's Ann. Elect. Magn. Chem. 1, 108-111 (1836-37).
91. C. Tomlinson, 'On the action of flashes of light on rapidly rotating disks', Thomson's Rec. Sci. III, 41-44; IV, 135-142 (1836); 'On an optical illusion', Sturgeon's Ann. Elect. Magn. Chem. 1, 108-111 (1836-37).
92. C. Tomlinson, 'On the action of flashes of light on rapidly rotating disks', Thomson's Rec. Sci. III, 41-44; IV, 135-142 (1836); 'On an optical illusion', Sturgeon's Ann. Elect. Magn. Chem. 1, 108-111 (1836-37).
93. C. Tomlinson, 'On the action of certain vapours on films, on the motion of creosote on the surface of water, and other phenomena', Phil. Mag. 22, 111-120 (1861) (a letter to Dr Miller); Br. Assoc. Rep. 31, 93 (1861).
94. C. Tomlinson, 'On the action of certain vapours on films, on the motion of creosote on the surface of water, and other phenomena', Phil. Mag. 22, 111-120 (1861) (a letter to Dr Miller); Br. Assoc. Rep. 31, 93 (1861).
95. C. Tomlinson, 'On the cohesion figures of liquids', Phil. Mag. 22, 249-261 (1861); 23, 186-195 (1862); Br. Assoc. Rep. 31, 93 (1861).
96. C. Tomlinson, 'On the cohesion figures of liquids', Phil. Mag. 22, 249-261 (1861); 23, 186-195 (1862); Br. Assoc. Rep. 31, 93 (1861).
97. C. Tomlinson, 'On the cohesion figures of liquids', Phil. Mag. 22, 249-261 (1861); 23, 186-195 (1862); Br. Assoc. Rep. 31, 93 (1861).
98. C. Tomlinson, 'Further remarks on the cohesion figures of liquids', Pharm. J. 5, 495-498 (1864); 'On the verification of castor oil and balsam of copaiba by their cohesion figures', Chem. News 9, 78-79, 96 (1864); 'On the verification of olive oil by means of cohesion figures', J. Soc. Arts 12, 246-250 (1863-64).
99. C. Tomlinson, 'Further remarks on the cohesion figures of liquids', Pharm. J. 5, 495-498 (1864); 'On the verification of castor oil and balsam of copaiba by their cohesion figures', Chem. News 9, 78-79, 96 (1864); 'On the verification of olive oil by means of cohesion figures', J. Soc. Arts 12, 246-250 (1863-64).
100. C. Tomlinson, 'Further remarks on the cohesion figures of liquids', Pharm. J. 5, 495-498 (1864); 'On the verification of castor oil and balsam of copaiba by their cohesion figures', Chem. News 9, 78-79, 96 (1864); 'On the verification of olive oil by means of cohesion figures', J. Soc. Arts 12, 246-250 (1863-64).
101. C. Tomlinson, 'The cohesion figures of liquids: oleographs', Chem. News 19, 59-60 (1869); 20, 56 (1869).
102. C. Tomlinson, 'The cohesion figures of liquids: oleographs', Chem. News 19, 59-60 (1869); 20, 56 (1869).
103. C. Tomlinson, 'On a new variety of the cohesion figures of liquids', Phil. Mag. 27, 425-432 (1864); 28, 354-364 (1864); Br. Assoc. Rep. 34, 21 (1864).
104. C. Tomlinson, 'On a new variety of the cohesion figures of liquids', Phil. Mag. 27, 425-432 (1864); 28, 354-364 (1864); Br. Assoc. Rep. 34, 21 (1864).
105. C. Tomlinson, 'On a new variety of the cohesion figures of liquids', Phil. Mag. 27, 425-432 (1864); 28, 354-364 (1864); Br. Assoc. Rep. 34, 21 (1864).
106. C. Tomlinson, 'On the motion of camphor on the surface of water', Phil. Mag. 24, 490-491 (1862); see also Experimental essays (note 22), ch. 1.
107. C. Tomlinson, 'On the motion of camphor on the surface of water', Phil. Mag. 24, 490-491 (1862); see also Experimental essays (note 22), ch. 1.
108. C. Tomlinson, 'On the motion of camphor on the surface of water', Chem. News 8, 28, 37-38, 123-124 (1863); Phil. Mag. 38, 409-424 (1869); 'On the action of oils in arresting the motion of camphor on water', Phil. Mag. 26, 187-190 (1863).
109. C. Tomlinson, 'On the motion of camphor on the surface of water', Chem. News 8, 28, 37-38, 123-124 (1863); Phil. Mag. 38, 409-424 (1869); 'On the action of oils in arresting the motion of camphor on water', Phil. Mag. 26, 187-190 (1863).
110. C. Tomlinson, 'On the motion of camphor on the surface of water', Chem. News 8, 28, 37-38, 123-124 (1863); Phil. Mag. 38, 409-424 (1869); 'On the action of oils in arresting the motion of camphor on water', Phil. Mag. 26, 187-190 (1863).
111. C. Tomlinson, 'On the motion of benzoic acid on the surface of water', Chem. News 10, 25 (1864).
112. C. Tomlinson, 'On the motion of eugenic acid on the surface of water', Phil. Mag. 27, 528-537 (1864); 'On some physical properties of eugenic acid', Chem. News 10, 63-64 (1864); 'On some phenomena connected with the adhesion of liquids to liquids', Phil. Mag. 33, 401-412 (1867).
113. C. Tomlinson, 'On the motion of eugenic acid on the surface of water', Phil. Mag. 27, 528-537 (1864); 'On some physical properties of eugenic acid', Chem. News 10, 63-64 (1864); 'On some phenomena connected with the adhesion of liquids to liquids', Phil. Mag. 33, 401-412 (1867).
114. C. Tomlinson, 'On the motion of eugenic acid on the surface of water', Phil. Mag. 27, 528-537 (1864); 'On some physical properties of eugenic acid', Chem. News 10, 63-64 (1864); 'On some phenomena connected with the adhesion of liquids to liquids', Phil. Mag. 33, 401-412 (1867).
115. C. Tomlinson, 'On camphor pulsations', Intellectual Observer 4, 17-20 (1864).
116. G. van der Mensbrugghe, 'Sur la tension superficielle des liquides considérée au point de vue de certains mouvements à leur surface', Mémoires Couronnés (et autres) de l'Académie Royale des Sciences etc de Bruxelles [1869], 34 (1870); 37, no. 4 (1873).
117. G. van der Mensbrugghe, 'Sur la tension superficielle des liquides considérée au point de vue de certains mouvements à leur surface', Mémoires Couronnés (et autres) de l'Académie Royale des Sciences etc de Bruxelles [1869], 34 (1870); 37, no. 4 (1873).
118. C. Tomlinson, 'On the motion of camphor and certain liquids on the surface of water', Phil. Mag. 39, 32-48 (1870); 46, 376-388 (1873); reprinted in Pharm. J. 4, 654-656, 672-674 (1874).
119. C. Tomlinson, 'On the motion of camphor and certain liquids on the surface of water', Phil. Mag. 39, 32-48 (1870); 46, 376-388 (1873); reprinted in Pharm. J. 4, 654-656, 672-674 (1874).
120. C. Tomlinson, 'On the motion of camphor and certain liquids on the surface of water', Phil. Mag. 39, 32-48 (1870); 46, 376-388 (1873); reprinted in Pharm. J. 4, 654-656, 672-674 (1874).
121. C. Tomlinson, 'On the motions of camphor of the surface of water', Chem. News 36, 215-216 (1877); 52, 50 (1885); 'On the action of oils on the motions of camphor on the surface of water', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 48, 258 (1890).
122. C. Tomlinson, 'On the motions of camphor of the surface of water', Chem. News 36, 215-216 (1877); 52, 50 (1885); 'On the action of oils on the motions of camphor on the surface of water', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 48, 258 (1890).
123. C. Tomlinson, 'On the motions of camphor of the surface of water', Chem. News 36, 215-216 (1877); 52, 50 (1885); 'On the action of oils on the motions of camphor on the surface of water', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 48, 258 (1890).
124. J. R. Partington, A history of chemistry (Macmillan & Co., London, 1961-70), vol. 4 (1964), pp. 640-643; An Advanced treatise on physical chemistry (Longmans Green & Co., London, 1949-54), vol. 3 (1952), pp. 533-544.
125. J. R. Partington, A history of chemistry (Macmillan & Co., London, 1961-70), vol. 4 (1964), pp. 640-643; An Advanced treatise on physical chemistry (Longmans Green & Co., London, 1949-54), vol. 3 (1952), pp. 533-544.
126. H. Loewel, 'Observations sur la sursaturation des dissolutions salines', Ann. Chim. Phys. 33, 334-390 (1851); 49, 32-58 (1857).
127. H. Loewel, 'Observations sur la sursaturation des dissolutions salines', Ann. Chim. Phys. 33, 334-390 (1851); 49, 32-58 (1857).
128. For discussion, see C. Tomlinson, 'On the constitution of sodic sulphate in solution, Chem. News 20, 267-268; 277-279 (1869).
129. C. Tomlinson, 'On the behaviour of supersaturated saline solutions when exposed to the open air', Br. Assoc. Rep. 41, 82-83 (1871); Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 20, 41-45 (1871); Chem. News 24, 64 (1871).
130. C. Tomlinson, 'On the behaviour of supersaturated saline solutions when exposed to the open air', Br. Assoc. Rep. 41, 82-83 (1871); Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 20, 41-45 (1871); Chem. News 24, 64 (1871).
131. C. Tomlinson, 'On the behaviour of supersaturated saline solutions when exposed to the open air', Br. Assoc. Rep. 41, 82-83 (1871); Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 20, 41-45 (1871); Chem. News 24, 64 (1871).
132. C. Tomlinson, 'On supersaturated saline solutions', Phil Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 158, 659-673 (1868); abstract, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 16, 403-411 (1867-68), reprinted in Phil. Mag. 36, 222-230 (1868); Chem. News 18, 2-4 (1868). See also C. Tomlinson, 'Note on supersaturated saline solutions', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 21, 208-213 (1873); Phil. Mag. 45, 385-390 (1873); 21, 417-418 (1886).
133. C. Tomlinson, 'On supersaturated saline solutions', Phil Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 158, 659-673 (1868); abstract, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 16, 403-411 (1867-68), reprinted in Phil. Mag. 36, 222-230 (1868); Chem. News 18, 2-4 (1868). See also C. Tomlinson, 'Note on supersaturated saline solutions', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 21, 208-213 (1873); Phil. Mag. 45, 385-390 (1873); 21, 417-418 (1886).
134. C. Tomlinson, 'On supersaturated saline solutions', Phil Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 158, 659-673 (1868); abstract, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 16, 403-411 (1867-68), reprinted in Phil. Mag. 36, 222-230 (1868); Chem. News 18, 2-4 (1868). See also C. Tomlinson, 'Note on supersaturated saline solutions', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 21, 208-213 (1873); Phil. Mag. 45, 385-390 (1873); 21, 417-418 (1886).
135. C. Tomlinson, 'On supersaturated saline solutions', Phil Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 158, 659-673 (1868); abstract, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 16, 403-411 (1867-68), reprinted in Phil. Mag. 36, 222-230 (1868); Chem. News 18, 2-4 (1868). See also C. Tomlinson, 'Note on supersaturated saline solutions', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 21, 208-213 (1873); Phil. Mag. 45, 385-390 (1873); 21, 417-418 (1886).
136. C. Tomlinson, 'On supersaturated saline solutions', Phil Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 158, 659-673 (1868); abstract, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 16, 403-411 (1867-68), reprinted in Phil. Mag. 36, 222-230 (1868); Chem. News 18, 2-4 (1868). See also C. Tomlinson, 'Note on supersaturated saline solutions', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 21, 208-213 (1873); Phil. Mag. 45, 385-390 (1873); 21, 417-418 (1886).
137. C. Tomlinson, 'On supersaturated saline solutions', Phil Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 158, 659-673 (1868); abstract, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 16, 403-411 (1867-68), reprinted in Phil. Mag. 36, 222-230 (1868); Chem. News 18, 2-4 (1868). See also C. Tomlinson, 'Note on supersaturated saline solutions', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 21, 208-213 (1873); Phil. Mag. 45, 385-390 (1873); 21, 417-418 (1886).
138. C. Tomlinson, 'On supersaturated saline solutions', Phil Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 158, 659-673 (1868); abstract, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 16, 403-411 (1867-68), reprinted in Phil. Mag. 36, 222-230 (1868); Chem. News 18, 2-4 (1868). See also C. Tomlinson, 'Note on supersaturated saline solutions', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 21, 208-213 (1873); Phil. Mag. 45, 385-390 (1873); 21, 417-418 (1886).
139. C. Tomlinson, 'On the action of nuclei in inducing crystallization', Br. Assoc. Rep. 38, 45-46 (1868); Chem. News 18, 110-111 (1868).
140. C. Tomlinson, 'On the action of nuclei in inducing crystallization', Br. Assoc. Rep. 38, 45-46 (1868); Chem. News 18, 110-111 (1868).
141. C. Tomlinson, 'On catharism, or the influence of chemically clean surfaces', J. Chem. Soc. 7, 125-152 (1869) (discussion, pp. 142-152).
142. C. Tomlinson, 'On supersaturated saline solutions. Part II, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 161, 51-68 (1871); abstract, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 18, 533-537 (1870); Phil. Mag. 40, 221-225 (1870). See also C. Tomlinson and G. van der Mensbrugghe, 'On the relation between the surface tension of liquids and the supersaturation of saline solutions', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 20, 342-351 (1872); Phil. Mag. 44, 223-232 (1872).
143. C. Tomlinson, 'On supersaturated saline solutions. Part II, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 161, 51-68 (1871); abstract, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 18, 533-537 (1870); Phil. Mag. 40, 221-225 (1870). See also C. Tomlinson and G. van der Mensbrugghe, 'On the relation between the surface tension of liquids and the supersaturation of saline solutions', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 20, 342-351 (1872); Phil. Mag. 44, 223-232 (1872).
144. C. Tomlinson, 'On supersaturated saline solutions. Part II, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 161, 51-68 (1871); abstract, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 18, 533-537 (1870); Phil. Mag. 40, 221-225 (1870). See also C. Tomlinson and G. van der Mensbrugghe, 'On the relation between the surface tension of liquids and the supersaturation of saline solutions', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 20, 342-351 (1872); Phil. Mag. 44, 223-232 (1872).
145. C. Tomlinson, 'On supersaturated saline solutions. Part II, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 161, 51-68 (1871); abstract, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 18, 533-537 (1870); Phil. Mag. 40, 221-225 (1870). See also C. Tomlinson and G. van der Mensbrugghe, 'On the relation between the surface tension of liquids and the supersaturation of saline solutions', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 20, 342-351 (1872); Phil. Mag. 44, 223-232 (1872).
146. C. Tomlinson, 'On supersaturated saline solutions. Part II, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 161, 51-68 (1871); abstract, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 18, 533-537 (1870); Phil. Mag. 40, 221-225 (1870). See also C. Tomlinson and G. van der Mensbrugghe, 'On the relation between the surface tension of liquids and the supersaturation of saline solutions', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 20, 342-351 (1872); Phil. Mag. 44, 223-232 (1872).
147. C. Tomlinson, 'Historical notes on some phenomena connected with the boiling of liquids', Phil. Mag. 37, 161-174 (1869); 'On the function of the nuclei with respect to gaseous saline and vaporous solutions', Chem. News 19, 267-268 (1869); Pharm. J. 10, 716-719 (1869).
148. C. Tomlinson, 'Historical notes on some phenomena connected with the boiling of liquids', Phil. Mag. 37, 161-174 (1869); 'On the function of the nuclei with respect to gaseous saline and vaporous solutions', Chem. News 19, 267-268 (1869); Pharm. J. 10, 716-719 (1869).
149. C. Tomlinson, 'Historical notes on some phenomena connected with the boiling of liquids', Phil. Mag. 37, 161-174 (1869); 'On the function of the nuclei with respect to gaseous saline and vaporous solutions', Chem. News 19, 267-268 (1869); Pharm. J. 10, 716-719 (1869).
150. C. Tomlinson, 'On the action of solid nuclei in liberating vapour from boiling liquids', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 17, 240-252 (1869); 37, 113-114 (1884); Phil. Mag. 49, 432-448 (1875); 50, 85-100 (1875); 'On bumping ebullition (soubresants)', Chem. News 57, 244; 58, 235 (1888).
151. C. Tomlinson, 'On the action of solid nuclei in liberating vapour from boiling liquids', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 17, 240-252 (1869); 37, 113-114 (1884); Phil. Mag. 49, 432-448 (1875); 50, 85-100 (1875); 'On bumping ebullition (soubresants)', Chem. News 57, 244; 58, 235 (1888).
152. C. Tomlinson, 'On the action of solid nuclei in liberating vapour from boiling liquids', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 17, 240-252 (1869); 37, 113-114 (1884); Phil. Mag. 49, 432-448 (1875); 50, 85-100 (1875); 'On bumping ebullition (soubresants)', Chem. News 57, 244; 58, 235 (1888).
153. C. Tomlinson, 'On the action of solid nuclei in liberating vapour from boiling liquids', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 17, 240-252 (1869); 37, 113-114 (1884); Phil. Mag. 49, 432-448 (1875); 50, 85-100 (1875); 'On bumping ebullition (soubresants)', Chem. News 57, 244; 58, 235 (1888).
154. C. Tomlinson, 'On the action of solid nuclei in liberating vapour from boiling liquids', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 17, 240-252 (1869); 37, 113-114 (1884); Phil. Mag. 49, 432-448 (1875); 50, 85-100 (1875); 'On bumping ebullition (soubresants)', Chem. News 57, 244; 58, 235 (1888).
155. C. Tomlinson, 'On the action of solid nuclei in liberating vapour from boiling liquids', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 17, 240-252 (1869); 37, 113-114 (1884); Phil. Mag. 49, 432-448 (1875); 50, 85-100 (1875); 'On bumping ebullition (soubresants)', Chem. News 57, 244; 58, 235 (1888).
156. C. Tomlinson, 'On the formation of bubbles and gas and of vapour in liquids', Phil. Mag. 38, 204-206 (1869); 43, 205-208 (1872); 49, 302-307 (1875); 'On the action of solid bodies on gaseous supersaturated solutions', ibid., 45, 276-283 (1873); 48, 385-388 (1874).
157. C. Tomlinson, 'On the formation of bubbles and gas and of vapour in liquids', Phil. Mag. 38, 204-206 (1869); 43, 205-208 (1872); 49, 302-307 (1875); 'On the action of solid bodies on gaseous supersaturated solutions', ibid., 45, 276-283 (1873); 48, 385-388 (1874).
158. C. Tomlinson, 'On the formation of bubbles and gas and of vapour in liquids', Phil. Mag. 38, 204-206 (1869); 43, 205-208 (1872); 49, 302-307 (1875); 'On the action of solid bodies on gaseous supersaturated solutions', ibid., 45, 276-283 (1873); 48, 385-388 (1874).
159. C. Tomlinson, 'On the formation of bubbles and gas and of vapour in liquids', Phil. Mag. 38, 204-206 (1869); 43, 205-208 (1872); 49, 302-307 (1875); 'On the action of solid bodies on gaseous supersaturated solutions', ibid., 45, 276-283 (1873); 48, 385-388 (1874).
160. C. Tomlinson, 'On the formation of bubbles and gas and of vapour in liquids', Phil. Mag. 38, 204-206 (1869); 43, 205-208 (1872); 49, 302-307 (1875); 'On the action of solid bodies on gaseous supersaturated solutions', ibid., 45, 276-283 (1873); 48, 385-388 (1874).
161. C. Tomlinson, 'On the action of low temperatures on supersaturated saline solutions', Phil. Mag. 40, 295-300 (1870); Br. Assoc. Rep. 40, 67 (1870). For Glauber's salt, see Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 20, 109-112 (1872). C. Tomlinson, 'On a salt invisible in its mother liquor', Phil. Mag. 40, 328-329 (1870); Br. Assoc. Rep. 40, 67 (1870).
162. C. Tomlinson, 'On the action of low temperatures on supersaturated saline solutions', Phil. Mag. 40, 295-300 (1870); Br. Assoc. Rep. 40, 67 (1870). For Glauber's salt, see Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 20, 109-112 (1872). C. Tomlinson, 'On a salt invisible in its mother liquor', Phil. Mag. 40, 328-329 (1870); Br. Assoc. Rep. 40, 67 (1870).
163. C. Tomlinson, 'On the action of low temperatures on supersaturated saline solutions', Phil. Mag. 40, 295-300 (1870); Br. Assoc. Rep. 40, 67 (1870). For Glauber's salt, see Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 20, 109-112 (1872). C. Tomlinson, 'On a salt invisible in its mother liquor', Phil. Mag. 40, 328-329 (1870); Br. Assoc. Rep. 40, 67 (1870).
164. C. Tomlinson, 'On the action of low temperatures on supersaturated saline solutions', Phil. Mag. 40, 295-300 (1870); Br. Assoc. Rep. 40, 67 (1870). For Glauber's salt, see Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 20, 109-112 (1872). C. Tomlinson, 'On a salt invisible in its mother liquor', Phil. Mag. 40, 328-329 (1870); Br. Assoc. Rep. 40, 67 (1870).
165. C. Tomlinson, 'On the action of low temperatures on supersaturated saline solutions', Phil. Mag. 40, 295-300 (1870); Br. Assoc. Rep. 40, 67 (1870). For Glauber's salt, see Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 20, 109-112 (1872). C. Tomlinson, 'On a salt invisible in its mother liquor', Phil. Mag. 40, 328-329 (1870); Br. Assoc. Rep. 40, 67 (1870).
166. See, for example, D. J. B. Gernez, 'Sur la cristallisation des dissolutions salines sursaturées et sur la présence normale du sulfate de soude dans l'air', Comptes Rendus 60, 833-837, 1027-1030 (1865), and subsequent papers.
167. C. Tomlinson, 'On the so-called inactive conditions of solids', Phil. Mag. 34, 136-143, 229-230 (1867); Chem. News 16, 149-150 (1867); 'On the function of nuclei with respect to supersaturated solutions', Chem. News 22, 97-98, 109-110, 265-266 (1870); 'Résponse à quelques objections sur la sursaturation des liquides par leurs propres vapeurs, par le RP. Sanna-Salero', Les Mondes 27, 350-354 (1872).
168. C. Tomlinson, 'On the so-called inactive conditions of solids', Phil. Mag. 34, 136-143, 229-230 (1867); Chem. News 16, 149-150 (1867); 'On the function of nuclei with respect to supersaturated solutions', Chem. News 22, 97-98, 109-110, 265-266 (1870); 'Résponse à quelques objections sur la sursaturation des liquides par leurs propres vapeurs, par le RP. Sanna-Salero', Les Mondes 27, 350-354 (1872).
169. C. Tomlinson, 'On the so-called inactive conditions of solids', Phil. Mag. 34, 136-143, 229-230 (1867); Chem. News 16, 149-150 (1867); 'On the function of nuclei with respect to supersaturated solutions', Chem. News 22, 97-98, 109-110, 265-266 (1870); 'Résponse à quelques objections sur la sursaturation des liquides par leurs propres vapeurs, par le RP. Sanna-Salero', Les Mondes 27, 350-354 (1872).
170. C. Tomlinson, 'On the so-called inactive conditions of solids', Phil. Mag. 34, 136-143, 229-230 (1867); Chem. News 16, 149-150 (1867); 'On the function of nuclei with respect to supersaturated solutions', Chem. News 22, 97-98, 109-110, 265-266 (1870); 'Résponse à quelques objections sur la sursaturation des liquides par leurs propres vapeurs, par le RP. Sanna-Salero', Les Mondes 27, 350-354 (1872).
171. J. G. Grenfell, 'On supersaturated saline solutions', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 25, 124-131 (1876) (communicated by C. Tomlinson).
172. C. Tomlinson, 'Note on supersaturated saline solutions', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 26, 532-534 (1877); 'On the function of the side of the vessel in maintaining the state of supersaturation', ibid., 27, 189-195 (1878); 'On the action of solid nuclei', ibid., 29, 24-29 (1879).
173. C. Tomlinson, 'Note on supersaturated saline solutions', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 26, 532-534 (1877); 'On the function of the side of the vessel in maintaining the state of supersaturation', ibid., 27, 189-195 (1878); 'On the action of solid nuclei', ibid., 29, 24-29 (1879).
174. C. Tomlinson, 'Note on supersaturated saline solutions', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 26, 532-534 (1877); 'On the function of the side of the vessel in maintaining the state of supersaturation', ibid., 27, 189-195 (1878); 'On the action of solid nuclei', ibid., 29, 24-29 (1879).
175. C. Tomlinson, 'Further note on supersaturated solutions', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 27, 121-125 (1878); 'On the action of ozone on nuclei', ibid., 27, 290-291 (1878).
176. C. Tomlinson, 'Further note on supersaturated solutions', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 27, 121-125 (1878); 'On the action of ozone on nuclei', ibid., 27, 290-291 (1878).
177. C. Tomlinson, 'On some effects of chemically clean surfaces', Phil. Mag. 36, 241-253 (1868); 'On the nuclear action of a saline crystal on a supersaturated solution of the same salt', Chem. News 22, 280-281 (1870).
178. C. Tomlinson, 'On some effects of chemically clean surfaces', Phil. Mag. 36, 241-253 (1868); 'On the nuclear action of a saline crystal on a supersaturated solution of the same salt', Chem. News 22, 280-281 (1870).
179. C. Tomlinson, 'On the action of nuclei in producing the sudden solidification of supersaturated solutions of Glauber's salt', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 29, 326-331 (1879); Chem. News 40, 280-282 (1879); 'On supersaturation', Nature 20, 349-351 (1874).
180. C. Tomlinson, 'On the action of nuclei in producing the sudden solidification of supersaturated solutions of Glauber's salt', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 29, 326-331 (1879); Chem. News 40, 280-282 (1879); 'On supersaturation', Nature 20, 349-351 (1874).
181. C. Tomlinson, 'On the action of nuclei in producing the sudden solidification of supersaturated solutions of Glauber's salt', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 29, 326-331 (1879); Chem. News 40, 280-282 (1879); 'On supersaturation', Nature 20, 349-351 (1874).
182. Partington, Physical chemistry (note 64), vol. 3, p. 533.
183. W. J. Jones and J. R. Partington, 'Theory of supersaturation', Phil. Mag. 29, 35-40 (1915).
184. A. S. Myerson and A. F. Izmailov, 'Supersaturated solution' in Handbook of crystal growth (ed. D. T. J. Hurle) (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993), vol. I, ch. 5, pp. 249-306. (Review by W. R. Wilcox and L. L. Regel, Acta Crystallogr. A 50, 652-653 (1994).)
185. A. S. Myerson and A. F. Izmailov, 'Supersaturated solution' in Handbook of crystal growth (ed. D. T. J. Hurle) (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993), vol. I, ch. 5, pp. 249-306. (Review by W. R. Wilcox and L. L. Regel, Acta Crystallogr. A 50, 652-653 (1994).)
186. J. F. Daniell, Introduction to chemical philosophy (London, 1843), p. 452; W. T. Brande, A manual of chemistry, 5th edn (John W. Parker, London, 1841), p. 116.
187. J. F. Daniell, Introduction to chemical philosophy (London, 1843), p. 452; W. T. Brande, A manual of chemistry, 5th edn (John W. Parker, London, 1841), p. 116.
188. C. Tomlinson, 'On the motion of vapours towards the cold', Phil. Mag. 25, 360-364 (1863); 'On the motion of camphor towards the light', ibid., 24, 358-371 (1862); Br. Assoc. Rep. 32, 23-24 (1862).
189. C. Tomlinson, 'On the motion of vapours towards the cold', Phil. Mag. 25, 360-364 (1863); 'On the motion of camphor towards the light', ibid., 24, 358-371 (1862); Br. Assoc. Rep. 32, 23-24 (1862).
190. C. Tomlinson, 'On the motion of vapours towards the cold', Phil. Mag. 25, 360-364 (1863); 'On the motion of camphor towards the light', ibid., 24, 358-371 (1862); Br. Assoc. Rep. 32, 23-24 (1862).
191. [M. Scheibler], 'Why bees work in the dark', Chem. News 9, 216 (1864).
192. C. Tomlinson, 'Why do bees work in the dark?', Pharm. J. 7, 622-624 (1865-66); Chem. News 13, 100-102 (1866).
193. C. Tomlinson, 'Why do bees work in the dark?', Pharm. J. 7, 622-624 (1865-66); Chem. News 13, 100-102 (1866).
194. C. Tomlinson, 'On some phenomena connected with the melting and solidifying of wax', Br. Assoc. Rep. 36, 44-45 (1866).
195. C. Tomlinson, 'Experiments on the electric fly', Phil Mag. 27, 202-218 (1864); Chem. News 9, 170-177 (1864); 'On consecutive poles in a magnet', Chem. News 21, 193-195 (1870); 'Note on an experiment by Chladni', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 38, 247-250 (1884-85).
196. C. Tomlinson, 'Experiments on the electric fly', Phil Mag. 27, 202-218 (1864); Chem. News 9, 170-177 (1864); 'On consecutive poles in a magnet', Chem. News 21, 193-195 (1870); 'Note on an experiment by Chladni', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 38, 247-250 (1884-85).
197. C. Tomlinson, 'Experiments on the electric fly', Phil Mag. 27, 202-218 (1864); Chem. News 9, 170-177 (1864); 'On consecutive poles in a magnet', Chem. News 21, 193-195 (1870); 'Note on an experiment by Chladni', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 38, 247-250 (1884-85).
198. C. Tomlinson, 'Experiments on the electric fly', Phil Mag. 27, 202-218 (1864); Chem. News 9, 170-177 (1864); 'On consecutive poles in a magnet', Chem. News 21, 193-195 (1870); 'Note on an experiment by Chladni', Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 38, 247-250 (1884-85).
199. C. Tomlinson, 'Barismal guns and similar sounds', Nature 53, 78, 295 (1895-96).
200. C. Tomlinson, 'On an experiment illustrative of the formation of rocking stones', Phil. Mag. 33, 359-362 (1892).
201. C. Tomlinson, (i) 'On the luminous properties of chloride of calcium', Sturgeon's Ann. Elect. Magn. Chem. 1, 212-213 (1836-37); (ii) 'On the plasticity and odour of clay', Proc. Geol. Assoc. 1, 237-243 (1859-65); (iii) 'On the action of heat on certain sandstones in Yorkshire', ibid., 1, 50-55, 158-159 (1859-65); (iv) 'On the supposed action of light on combustion', Br. Assoc. Rep. 39, 78-79 (1869); Phil. Mag. 38, 217-220 (1869); Chem. News 20, 149-150 (1869); (v) 'On the fuming of certain acids', Chem. News 19, 23 (1869); (vi) 'On a remarkable structural appearance on phosphorus', Phil. Mag. 38, 215-217 (1869); Chem. News 20, 102-103 (1869); (vii) 'On safety matches', Nature 13, 469 (1876); (viii) 'On the bleaching of iodide of starch by means of heat'. Phil. Mag. 20, 168-171 (1885).
202. C. Tomlinson, (i) 'On the luminous properties of chloride of calcium', Sturgeon's Ann. Elect. Magn. Chem. 1, 212-213 (1836-37); (ii) 'On the plasticity and odour of clay', Proc. Geol. Assoc. 1, 237-243 (1859-65); (iii) 'On the action of heat on certain sandstones in Yorkshire', ibid., 1, 50-55, 158-159 (1859-65); (iv) 'On the supposed action of light on combustion', Br. Assoc. Rep. 39, 78-79 (1869); Phil. Mag. 38, 217-220 (1869); Chem. News 20, 149-150 (1869); (v) 'On the fuming of certain acids', Chem. News 19, 23 (1869); (vi) 'On a remarkable structural appearance on phosphorus', Phil. Mag. 38, 215-217 (1869); Chem. News 20, 102-103 (1869); (vii) 'On safety matches', Nature 13, 469 (1876); (viii) 'On the bleaching of iodide of starch by means of heat'. Phil. Mag. 20, 168-171 (1885).
203. C. Tomlinson, (i) 'On the luminous properties of chloride of calcium', Sturgeon's Ann. Elect. Magn. Chem. 1, 212-213 (1836-37); (ii) 'On the plasticity and odour of clay', Proc. Geol. Assoc. 1, 237-243 (1859-65); (iii) 'On the action of heat on certain sandstones in Yorkshire', ibid., 1, 50-55, 158-159 (1859-65); (iv) 'On the supposed action of light on combustion', Br. Assoc. Rep. 39, 78-79 (1869); Phil. Mag. 38, 217-220 (1869); Chem. News 20, 149-150 (1869); (v) 'On the fuming of certain acids', Chem. News 19, 23 (1869); (vi) 'On a remarkable structural appearance on phosphorus', Phil. Mag. 38, 215-217 (1869);
204. C. Tomlinson, (i) 'On the luminous properties of chloride of calcium', Sturgeon's Ann. Elect. Magn. Chem. 1, 212-213 (1836-37); (ii) 'On the plasticity and odour of clay', Proc. Geol. Assoc. 1, 237-243 (1859-65); (iii) 'On the action of heat on certain sandstones in Yorkshire', ibid., 1, 50-55, 158-159 (1859-65); (iv) 'On the supposed action of light on combustion', Br. Assoc. Rep. 39, 78-79 (1869); Phil. Mag. 38, 217-220 (1869); Chem. News 20, 149-150 (1869); (v) 'On the fuming of certain acids', Chem. News 19, 23 (1869); (vi) 'On a remarkable structural appearance on phosphorus', Phil. Mag. 38, 215-217 (1869); Chem. News 20, 102-103 (1869); (vii) 'On safety matches', Nature 13, 469 (1876); (viii) 'On the bleaching of iodide of starch by means of heat'. Phil. Mag. 20, 168-171 (1885).
205. C. Tomlinson, (i) 'On the luminous properties of chloride of calcium', Sturgeon's Ann. Elect. Magn. Chem. 1, 212-213 (1836-37); (ii) 'On the plasticity and odour of clay', Proc. Geol. Assoc. 1, 237-243 (1859-65); (iii) 'On the action of heat on certain sandstones in Yorkshire', ibid., 1, 50-55, 158-159 (1859-65); (iv) 'On the supposed action of light on combustion', Br. Assoc. Rep. 39, 78-79 (1869); Phil. Mag. 38, 217-220 (1869); Chem. News 20, 149-150 (1869); (v) 'On the fuming of certain acids', Chem. News 19, 23 (1869); (vi) 'On a remarkable structural appearance on phosphorus', Phil. Mag. 38, 215-217 (1869); Chem. News 20, 102-103 (1869); (vii) 'On safety matches', Nature 13, 469 (1876); (viii) 'On the bleaching of iodide of starch by means of heat'. Phil. Mag. 20, 168-171 (1885).
206. C. Tomlinson, (i) 'On the luminous properties of chloride of calcium', Sturgeon's Ann. Elect. Magn. Chem. 1, 212-213 (1836-37); (ii) 'On the plasticity and odour of clay', Proc. Geol. Assoc. 1, 237-243 (1859-65); (iii) 'On the action of heat on certain sandstones in Yorkshire', ibid., 1, 50-55, 158-159 (1859-65); (iv) 'On the supposed action of light on combustion', Br. Assoc. Rep. 39, 78-79 (1869); Phil. Mag. 38, 217-220 (1869); Chem. News 20, 149-150 (1869); (v) 'On the fuming of certain acids', Chem. News 19, 23 (1869); (vi) 'On a remarkable structural appearance on phosphorus', Phil. Mag. 38, 215-217 (1869); Chem. News 20, 102-103 (1869); (vii) 'On safety matches', Nature 13, 469 (1876); (viii) 'On the bleaching of iodide of starch by means of heat'. Phil. Mag. 20, 168-171 (1885).
207. C. Tomlinson, (i) 'On the luminous properties of chloride of calcium', Sturgeon's Ann. Elect. Magn. Chem. 1, 212-213 (1836-37); (ii) 'On the plasticity and odour of clay', Proc. Geol. Assoc. 1, 237-243 (1859-65); (iii) 'On the action of heat on certain sandstones in Yorkshire', ibid., 1, 50-55, 158-159 (1859-65); (iv) 'On the supposed action of light on combustion', Br. Assoc. Rep. 39, 78-79 (1869); Phil. Mag. 38, 217-220 (1869); Chem. News 20, 149-150 (1869); (v) 'On the fuming of certain acids', Chem. News 19, 23 (1869); (vi) 'On a remarkable structural appearance on phosphorus', Phil. Mag. 38, 215-217 (1869); Chem. News 20, 102-103 (1869); (vii) 'On safety matches', Nature 13, 469 (1876); (viii) 'On the bleaching of iodide of starch by means of heat'. Phil. Mag. 20, 168-171 (1885).
208. C. Tomlinson, (i) 'On the luminous properties of chloride of calcium', Sturgeon's Ann. Elect. Magn. Chem. 1, 212-213 (1836-37); (ii) 'On the plasticity and odour of clay', Proc. Geol. Assoc. 1, 237-243 (1859-65); (iii) 'On the action of heat on certain sandstones in Yorkshire', ibid., 1, 50-55, 158-159 (1859-65); (iv) 'On the supposed action of light on combustion', Br. Assoc. Rep. 39, 78-79 (1869); Phil. Mag. 38, 217-220 (1869); Chem. News 20, 149-150 (1869); (v) 'On the fuming of certain acids', Chem. News 19, 23 (1869); (vi) 'On a remarkable structural appearance on phosphorus', Phil. Mag. 38, 215-217 (1869); Chem. News 20, 102-103 (1869); (vii) 'On safety matches', Nature 13, 469 (1876); (viii) 'On the bleaching of iodide of starch by means of heat'. Phil. Mag. 20, 168-171 (1885).
209. C. Tomlinson, (i) 'On the luminous properties of chloride of calcium', Sturgeon's Ann. Elect. Magn. Chem. 1, 212-213 (1836-37); (ii) 'On the plasticity and odour of clay', Proc. Geol. Assoc. 1, 237-243 (1859-65); (iii) 'On the action of heat on certain sandstones in Yorkshire', ibid., 1, 50-55, 158-159 (1859-65); (iv) 'On the supposed action of light on combustion', Br. Assoc. Rep. 39, 78-79 (1869); Phil. Mag. 38, 217-220 (1869); Chem. News 20, 149-150 (1869); (v) 'On the fuming of certain acids', Chem. News 19, 23 (1869); (vi) 'On a remarkable structural appearance on phosphorus', Phil. Mag. 38, 215-217 (1869); Chem. News 20, 102-103 (1869); (vii) 'On safety matches', Nature 13, 469 (1876); (viii) 'On the bleaching of iodide of starch by means of heat'. Phil. Mag. 20, 168-171 (1885).
210. C. Tomlinson, (i) 'On the luminous properties of chloride of calcium', Sturgeon's Ann. Elect. Magn. Chem. 1, 212-213 (1836-37); (ii) 'On the plasticity and odour of clay', Proc. Geol. Assoc. 1, 237-243 (1859-65); (iii) 'On the action of heat on certain sandstones in Yorkshire', ibid., 1, 50-55, 158-159 (1859-65); (iv) 'On the supposed action of light on combustion', Br. Assoc. Rep. 39, 78-79 (1869); Phil. Mag. 38, 217-220 (1869); Chem. News 20, 149-150 (1869); (v) 'On the fuming of certain acids', Chem. News 19, 23 (1869); (vi) 'On a remarkable structural appearance on phosphorus', Phil. Mag. 38, 215-217 (1869); Chem. News 20, 102-103 (1869); (vii) 'On safety matches', Nature 13, 469 (1876); (viii) 'On the bleaching of iodide of starch by means of heat'. Phil. Mag. 20, 168-171 (1885).
211. C. Tomlinson, (i) 'On the luminous properties of chloride of calcium', Sturgeon's Ann. Elect. Magn. Chem. 1, 212-213 (1836-37); (ii) 'On the plasticity and odour of clay', Proc. Geol. Assoc. 1, 237-243 (1859-65); (iii) 'On the action of heat on certain sandstones in Yorkshire', ibid., 1, 50-55, 158-159 (1859-65); (iv) 'On the supposed action of light on combustion', Br. Assoc. Rep. 39, 78-79 (1869); Phil. Mag. 38, 217-220 (1869); Chem. News 20, 149-150 (1869); (v) 'On the fuming of certain acids', Chem. News 19, 23 (1869); (vi) 'On a remarkable structural appearance on phosphorus', Phil. Mag. 38, 215-217 (1869); Chem. News 20, 102-103 (1869); (vii) 'On safety matches', Nature 13, 469 (1876); (viii) 'On the bleaching of iodide of starch by means of heat'. Phil. Mag. 20, 168-171 (1885).
212. The outstanding example was Leopold Gmelin, Handbook of chemistry (transl. Henry Watts FRS) (Cavendish Society, London, 1848-72).
213. George Wilson (1818-59), MD, chemist and religious writer; DNB 21, 563-565 (1917).
214. G. Wilson, The life of the Hon. Henry Cavendish (Cavendish Society, London, 1851).
215. Wilson, op. cit. (note 97), ch. IV, especially pp. 160, 164, 168, 169, 173, 175, 177, 181 and 184.
216. William Alexander (1767-1816), artist and keeper of prints and drawings in the British Museum; DNB 1, 281 (1917).
217. Wilson, op. cit. (note 97), preface: 'I have reserved for special thanks Charles Tomlinson, Esq. of London, to whose untiring zeal, skilful investigation and cordial unflagging co-operation I am indebted to the larger part of the materials, from which the ... concluding events of Cavendish's life, and estimate of his moral and intellectual character... have been compiled. He has also done me the favour to read the proofs of this work, besides assisting me in every other way in which he could be of service.'
218. The statement that Tomlinson was elected to the Council of the British Association (notes 2 and 3) has not been confirmed and seems to be erroneous.
219. [Anon., ascribed in the British Library Catalogue to C. Tomlinson], Sir Joseph Banks and the Royal Society (J. W. Parker, London, 1844).
220. Antonio (later Sir Anthony) Panizzi (1797-1879), Italian patriot, Assistant (1831), Keeper (1837) and Principal Librarian (1856-66) at the British Museum, creator of its Library Catalogue, and its famous domed Reading Room. He had small love for the sciences and its professors, and according to his friend Macaulay 'would at any time give three mammoths for one Aldus'. DNB 15, 179-183 (1917).
221. L. Pagan, The life of Sir Anthony Panizzi, KCB (Remingto & Co., London, 1880).
222. Panizzi's remuneration was agreed at £30 per thousand titles, with an upper limit of £500.
223. C. Tomlinson, 'Panizzi and the Royal Society', Nature 24, 355-356 (1881).
224. This may have been Charles Henry Tomlinson (C.T.'s nephew), who graduated BA (Oxon) in mathematics and natural philosophy in 1857, and became Vicar of Denchworth, near Wantage (1868).
225. [Archives Committee, eds], Heart of a London village. The Highgate Literary and Scientific Institution 1839-1990 (Historical Publications Ltd, London, 1991). Kelly, op. cit. (note 5), Appendix VI.
226. [Archives Committee, eds], Heart of a London village. The Highgate Literary and Scientific Institution 1839-1990 (Historical Publications Ltd, London, 1991). Kelly, op. cit. (note 5), Appendix VI.
227. Paraffins and paraffin oils (1871), Manufacture of iron (1874), Chlorine and iodine (1883), Faraday (1887), Franklin (1888), Sir Joseph Banks (1891), Joseph Smeaton, the engineer of lighthouse fame (1890), Solution (1872), Fermentation (1876), Surface phenomena (1885).
228. C. Tomlinson, Amusements in chess (J. W. Parker, London, 1845).
229. C. Tomlinson, Chess poems (London, 1891).
230. C. Tomlinson, Chess. A poem in four parts (Thomas Harrison, London, 1854).
231. John Sime, of Highgate, a friend of the family, quoted in Tomlinson, op. cit. (note 4), pp. 171, 181.
232. [Obituary], Br. Chess Mag. 17, 109-114 (1897). This was essentially a reprint of the article in the Biograph and Review (note 1), with added material pertaining specifically to chess.
233. [Obituary], Br. Chess Mag. 17, 109-114 (1897). This was essentially a reprint of the article in the Biograph and Review (note 1), with added material pertaining specifically to chess.
234. C. Tomlinson, Herman and Dorothea. Translated into English hexameters from the German hexameters of Goethe. With an introductory essay historical and critical (David Nutt, London 1849; 2nd edn revised, 1887).
235. [Anon., W. Whewell], Herman and Dorothea. Translated from the hexameters of Göthe (privately printed, London, 1839).
236. These were J. Karl Rosenkranz (1805-79), philologist (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th edn, vol. 23, p. 735 (1911)), and the distinguished philologist and orientalist Friedrich Max Müller (1813-1900), DNB Suppl. III, 151-157 (1901).
237. These were J. Karl Rosenkranz (1805-79), philologist (Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th edn, vol. 23, p. 735 (1911)), and the distinguished philologist and orientalist Friedrich Max Müller (1813-1900), DNB Suppl. III, 151-157 (1901).
238. C. Tomlinson, The sonnet. Its origin, structure, and place in poetry. With original translations from the sonnets of Dante, Petrarch, etc and remarks on the art of translation (John Murray, London, 1874).
239. C. Tomlinson, Sonnets (London, 1881). This small octavo was printed privately for the author for distribution to his friends.
240. C. Tomlinson, A Vision of Hell. The Inferno of Dante translated into English tierce rhyme. With an introductory essay on Dante and his translators (S. W. Partridge, London, 1877).
241. Tierce rhyme (terza rima) is a continuous sequence of three-line verses (tercets), in which the rhymes interpenetrate one another according to the scheme ABA, BCB, CDC, DED..., which powerfully moves the flow of action forward. It requires three rhymed endings for each consecutive pairs of tercets, less readily available in English than in Italian.
242. Henry Clark Barlow (1806-76) MD, scholar and writer on Dante. The lectureship bearing his name was endowed by his bequest of £1500. DNB 1, 1141-1142 (1917).
243. C. Tomlinson, The Barlow Lectureship on Dante. Introductory lecture: the literary history (for the author, London, ND, preface dated 1879). No printed record is available of the succeeding lectures.
244. C. Tomlinson, Dante, Beatrice and the Divine Comedy (Williamson & Norgate, London, 1894).
245. Augustus DeMorgan (1806-71), first president of the Mathematical Society (1868); DNB 5, 781-784 (1917).
246. Margaret Oliphant (1828-97), novelist and historical writer. She settled in 1852 in Harrington Square, near the Tomlinsons' house in Hampstead Road; DNB Suppl., 1102-1106 (1917).
247. See Tomlinson, op. cit. (note 4), especially ch. XIV.
248. C. Tomlinson, Essays old and new (Williamson & Norgate, London, 1887).
249. Tomlinson, op. cit. (note 128), pp. 96-97.
250. See biographies (notes 1 and 3).
251. Tomlinson, op. cit. (note 4), p. 75.
252. C. A. Russell, Science and social change, 1700-1900 (Macmillan & Co., London, 1983); R. Budd and G. K. Roberts, Science versus practice, chemistry in Victorian Britain (Manchester, 1984); E. Mendelsohn, 'The emergence of science as a profession in nineteenth century Europe', in The management of scientists (ed. K. Hill) (Boston, MA, 1964), pp. 3-48.
253. C. A. Russell, Science and social change, 1700-1900 (Macmillan & Co., London, 1983); R. Budd and G. K. Roberts, Science versus practice, chemistry in Victorian Britain (Manchester, 1984); E. Mendelsohn, 'The emergence of science as a profession in nineteenth century Europe', in The management of scientists (ed. K. Hill) (Boston, MA, 1964), pp. 3-48.
254. C. A. Russell, Science and social change, 1700-1900 (Macmillan & Co., London, 1983); R. Budd and G. K. Roberts, Science versus practice, chemistry in Victorian Britain (Manchester, 1984); E. Mendelsohn, 'The emergence of science as a profession in nineteenth century Europe', in The management of scientists (ed. K. Hill) (Boston, MA, 1964), pp. 3-48.
255. Tomlinson, op. cit. (note 4), p. 80, as reported by Professor W. A. Miller.