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Volumn 23, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 55-65

Geressy v. Digital - Using Statistical Analysis to Curb Excessive Jury Awards

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EID: 2542521698     PISSN: 00988898     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (1)

References (36)
  • 1
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    • The Mystery of RSI
    • Dec.
    • RSI is a term used to describe a variety of painful debilitating conditions believed to be caused by rapid repetitive movements of the hand or arms. Sara Kiesler & Tom Finholt, "The Mystery of RSI," American Psychologist, Vol. 43, No. 12, p. 1004 (Dec. 1988).
    • (1988) American Psychologist , vol.43 , Issue.12 , pp. 1004
    • Kiesler, S.1    Finholt, T.2
  • 2
    • 2542552249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Reasonable Award by the Numbers
    • A-8, June 16
    • Bob Van Voris, "A Reasonable Award by the Numbers," Nat'l L.J., A-8, June 16, 1997.
    • (1997) Nat'l L.J.
    • Van Voris, B.1
  • 3
    • 84865942107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N.Y. C.P.L.R. §5501(c)
    • N.Y. C.P.L.R. §5501(c).
  • 4
    • 2542524925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • See Kukla v. Cyfus Leasing, 928 F. Supp. 1336, 1338 (S.D.N.Y. 1996) (affirming jury verdict for pain and suffering under C.P.L.R.. §5501(c) merely by comparing verdict to three other New York State verdicts in similar cases).
  • 5
    • 2542578134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anthony v. GMD Airline Servs., Inc., 17 F.3d 490, 491-92 (1st Cir. 1994)
    • Anthony v. GMD Airline Servs., Inc., 17 F.3d 490, 491-92 (1st Cir. 1994).
  • 6
    • 2542570529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simeon v. T. Smith & Son, Inc., 852 F.2d 1421, 1427 (5th Cir. 1988)
    • Simeon v. T. Smith & Son, Inc., 852 F.2d 1421, 1427 (5th Cir. 1988).
  • 7
    • 2542610203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zavurov v. City of New York, 1997 WL 40119 (N.Y. App. Div., 2d Dep't, July 14, 1997)
    • Zavurov v. City of New York, 1997 WL 40119 (N.Y. App. Div., 2d Dep't, July 14, 1997).
  • 8
    • 2542535559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baumgarten v. Slavin, No. 9018\\84 slip op. at 3 (Sup. Ct. Nas. Cty. May 6, 1997)
    • Baumgarten v. Slavin, No. 9018\\84 slip op. at 3 (Sup. Ct. Nas. Cty. May 6, 1997).
  • 9
    • 21844497334 scopus 로고
    • Improving Judicial Oversight of Jury Damages Assessments: A Proposal for the Comparative Additur/Remittitur Review of Awards for Nonpecuniary Harms and Punitive Damages
    • David Baldus, John C. MacQueen, M.D., and George Woodworth, "Improving Judicial Oversight of Jury Damages Assessments: A Proposal for the Comparative Additur/Remittitur Review of Awards for Nonpecuniary Harms and Punitive Damages," 80 Iowa L. Rev. 1109, 1127 (1995).
    • (1995) Iowa L. Rev. , vol.80 , pp. 1109
    • Baldus, D.1    MacQueen, J.C.2    Woodworth, G.3
  • 10
    • 2542524924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dagnello v. Long Island Railroad, 289 F.2d 797, 806 (2d Cir. 1961)
    • Dagnello v. Long Island Railroad, 289 F.2d 797, 806 (2d Cir. 1961).
  • 11
    • 2542591933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baldus, note 9 at 1133
    • Baldus, note 9 at 1133.
  • 12
    • 2542528009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Id. at 1132
    • Id. at 1132.
  • 13
    • 2542628459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • An example of the unpredictability of the "shocks the conscience" standard is found in Pescatore v. Pan American World Airways, Inc., 97 F.3d 1, 19 (2d Cir. 1996), in which the court upheld a $5,000,000 verdict for loss of society under a "shocks the conscience" standard, although the previous highest verdict in Ohio (whose state law governed the verdict) was only $300,000.
  • 14
    • 2542543064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geressy (cited on p. 55) at *16
    • Geressy (cited on p. 55) at *16.
  • 15
    • 2542616300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Id. at *10
    • Id. at *10.
  • 16
    • 2542538575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • See Mason v. City of New York, 949 F. Supp. 1068, 1075-76 (S.D.N.Y. 1996) (reducing verdict as excessive under material deviation standard by comparing it to three reviewed cases); Kukla (cited in note 4) at 1336-1337 (reducing verdict after comparison with four similar cases); Skow v. Jones, Lang and Wooton Corp., 657 N.Y.S.2d 709, 711 (1st Dep't 1997) (reducing pain and suffering award under material deviation standard with no discussion of the basis for the ruling).
  • 17
    • 84865952750 scopus 로고
    • Repetitive Motion Injury and Cumulative Trauma Disorder: Can the Impending Wave of Products Liability Litigation Be Averted?"
    • Feb.
    • Lawrence Chesler, "Repetitive Motion Injury and Cumulative Trauma Disorder: Can the Impending Wave of Products Liability Litigation Be Averted?", 9 No. 2 Computer Law 13 (Feb. 1992).
    • (1992) Computer Law , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 13
    • Chesler, L.1
  • 18
    • 84865939226 scopus 로고
    • Repetitive Stress Injuries and the Computer Keyboard: If There Still Is No Causal Relationship between Use and Injury, Is It Wise to Warn?"
    • Spring
    • Craig T. Liljestrrand, "Repetitive Stress Injuries and the Computer Keyboard: If There Still Is No Causal Relationship between Use and Injury, Is It Wise to Warn?", 13 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 391, 392 (Spring 1995).
    • (1995) J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. , vol.13 , pp. 391
    • Liljestrrand, C.T.1
  • 19
    • 2542561567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repetitive Stress Injuries: Will the Focus Shift from the Agencies to the Courts?
    • Summer
    • Robert H. Sand, "Repetitive Stress Injuries: Will the Focus Shift from the Agencies to the Courts?", 23 Empl. Rel. L.J. 133, 134 (Summer 1997).
    • (1997) Empl. Rel. L.J. , vol.23 , pp. 133
    • Sand, R.H.1
  • 20
    • 2542575106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Id. at 134-35 (quoting plaintiffs' counsel's argument to the court in support of the verdicts)
    • Id. at 134-35 (quoting plaintiffs' counsel's argument to the court in support of the verdicts).
  • 21
    • 2542523386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Judge Weinstein ordered a new trial of Ms. Geressy's claims based on newly discovered evidence. He nonetheless addressed remittitur should his order for a new trial be reversed.
  • 22
    • 2542559973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Judge Weinstein dismissed Ms. Jackson's claims as barred by the statute of limitations.
  • 24
    • 2542581164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Median is defined as the middle point of a distribution, above and below which lie an equal number of outcomes. Geressy (cited on p. 55) at *18.
  • 25
    • 2542512679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The standard deviation is defined as the square root of the average of the squares of deviations from the mean. Curtis, note 23 at 37.
  • 26
    • 2542597989 scopus 로고
    • The "interquartile range" is the statistical subset of any distribution that contains 50 percent of all values, with 25 percent of the values higher and 25 percent lower. It relies upon the median, rather than the mean, as a starting point for comparison. Charles T. Clark and Lawrence L. Sckade, Statistical Analysis for Administrative Decisions, 2nd Ed., 36 (1974).
    • (1974) Statistical Analysis for Administrative Decisions, 2nd Ed. , vol.36
    • Clark, C.T.1    Sckade, L.L.2
  • 27
    • 2542640381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geressy (cited on p. 55) at *17
    • Geressy (cited on p. 55) at *17.
  • 28
    • 2542634502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Id
    • Id.
  • 29
    • 2542569018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • It is notable that the highest verdict in Ms. Geressy's sample group was also $2,000,000, although such a result will not occur in all distributions.
  • 30
    • 2542546080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Neither C.P.L.R. §5501 nor decisions of New York State courts support Judge Weinstein's analysis that additur is not appropriate under §5501(c). C.P.L.R. §5501(c) specifically states that a court should use the material deviation standard to determine whether an award is "excessive or inadequate" (emphasis supplied). Similarly, the First Department recently required a defendant to accept additur from a verdict of $17,000 to $300,000 under C.P.L.R. §5501(c) or face a new trial. Show (cited in note 16) at 710-11.
  • 31
    • 2542511090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • By using the broader range of two standard deviations from the mean, Judge Weinstein apparently ignores the advice of the plaintiffs' and defendants' statistical experts that the median is a statistically more significant point for comparison.
  • 32
    • 2542552247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Under Judge Weinstein's approach, a court must choose the appropriate range of verdicts depending on the facts of the case and advice of statistical experts.
  • 33
    • 2542544598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • One of the experts used by the plaintiffs in Geressy was Arnold Lakind, an attorney who represents RSI plaintiffs in New Jersey.
  • 34
    • 2542605612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • See Schumacher v. Continental Air Transport Co., 149 Ill. Dec. 836, 845, 562 N.E.2d 300, 309 (1990) (a test for excessive verdict is whether it falls "within the necessarily flexible limits of fair and reasonable compensation"); Larabee v. City of Kansas City, 697 S.W.2d 177, 181 (Mo. Ct. App. 1986) (remittitur allowed if verdict not uniform with verdicts for comparable injuries); Oklahoma Ry. Co. v. Strong, 204 Okla. 42, 44, 226 P.2d 950, 952 (1951) (court may compare similar verdicts in remittitur); Baldus, note 9 at 1134 (noting that New York is one of several states to use the comparative approach).
  • 35
    • 2542534094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baldus, note 9 at 1134
    • Baldus, note 9 at 1134.
  • 36
    • 2542552248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical Guide for Damages Seen Not so Radical
    • June 5
    • Daniel Wise, "Statistical Guide for Damages Seen Not So Radical," New York L. J. p. 1, June 5, 1997.
    • (1997) New York L. J. , pp. 1
    • Wise, D.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.