Arachnid envenomation

Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America

Volumn 22, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 405-422

  Saucier, John R ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b MAINE MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANALGESIC AGENT; DOBUTAMINE; DOPAMINE; NITROPRUSSIDE SODIUM; SCORPION VENOM; SPIDER VENOM; TETANUS TOXOID; VENOM ANTISERUM;

ARACHNID; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; DEATH; DEFECATION; DISEASE CARRIER; ENVENOMATION; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; GASTROENTERITIS; GEOGRAPHY; HEAT TOLERANCE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; LUNG EDEMA; MORBIDITY; NONHUMAN; PAIN; POISON CENTER; PREDATOR; PREY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUNCTURE; REVIEW; SALIVATION; SCORPION; SPIDER; STROKE; SYMPTOM; UNITED STATES; URINE INCONTINENCE;

EID: 2542506383     PISSN: 07338627     EISSN: 07338627     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2004.01.006     Document Type: Review

References (77)

1. Suchard J.R., Connor D.A. Scorpion envenomation. Auerbach P.S. Wilderness medicine. 4th edition:2001;839-863 Mosby, St. Louis (MO)
2. Levi H.W., Levi L.R. Spiders and their kin. 1968;Golden Press, New York
3. Otten E.J., Blomkalns A.L. Venomous animal injuries. Adams J., Barkin R.M., Barsan W.G., et al. Rosen's emergency medicine: concepts and clinical practice. 5th edition:2002;785-800 Mosby, St. Louis (MO)
4. Rubio M. Scorpions. 2000;Barron's Educational Series, Inc, Happauge (NY)
5. Litovitz TL, Klein-Schwartz W, Rodgers GC, et al. 2001 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia (PA) Am J Emerg Med 2002;20(5): p. 429.
6. Farghly W., Ali F. A clinical and neurophysiological study of scorpion envenomation in Assiut, Upper Egypt. Acta Paediatr. 88:(3):1999;290-294
7. Boyer L.V., McNally J.T., Binford G.J. Spider bites. Auerbach P.S. Wilderness medicine. 4th edition:2001;807-838 Mosby, St. Louis (MO)
8. Becerril B., Marangoni S., Possani L. Toxins and genes isolated from scorpions of the genus Tityus. Toxicon. 35:(6):1997;821-835
9. Batista C., Gomez-Lagunas F., Lucas S., et al. Tcl, from Tityus Cambridge, is the first member of a new subfamily of scorpion toxin that blocks K(+)-channels. FEBS Lett. 486:(2):2000;117-120
10. Bentur Y., Taitelman U., Aloufy A. Evaluation of scorpion stings: the poison center perspective. Toxicon. 41:(3):2003;261-267
11. Das S., Nalini P., Ananthakrishnan S., et al. Scoprion envenomation in children in southern India. J Trop Med Hyg. 98:(5):1995;306-308
12. Cupo P., Hering S. Cardiac troponin I release after severe scorpion envenoming by Tityus serrulatus. Toxicon. 40:(6):2002;823-830
13. Blum A., Jawabreh S., Gumanovsky M., et al. Scorpion envenomation and myocardial damage. Isr Med Assoc J. 2:(4):2000;318-319
14. Benvenuti L., Douetts K., Cardisi J. Myocardial necrosis after envenomation by the scorpion Tityum serrulatus. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 96:(3):2002;275-276
15. Joshi S., Shah S., Pichumoni C. Scorpion sting pancreatitis/ pancreatopathy. J Assoc Physicians India. 47:(3):1999;352-354
16. Thacker A., Lal R., Misra M. Scorpion bites and multiple cerebral infarcts. Neuro India. 50:2002;100-101
17. Fernandz-Bouzas A., Morales-Resendiz M., Llamas-Ibarra F., et al. Brain infracts due to scorpions stings in children: MRI. Neurorad. 42:2000;118-120
18. Dodge N.N. Poisonous dwellers of the desert. 1974;Southwest Parks and Monuments Association, Globe (AZ)
19. Tilton B., Hubbell F. Bites and stings. Medicine for the backcountry. 3rd edition:1999;158-162 The Globe Pequot Press, Guilford (CT)
20. Schimelpfenig T., Lindsey L. Poisons, bites, and stings. Wilderness first aid. 1991;NOLS Publications, Lander (WY)
21. Forgey W.W. Arthropod envenomation. Practical guidelines for wilderness emergency care. 2nd edition:2001;87-91 The Globe Pequot Press, Guilford (CT)
22. Holliman C.J., Dey C.C. Environmental illnesses. VanRooyen M.J., Kirsch T.D., Clem K., et al. Emergency field medicine. 2002;693-698 McGraw-Hill, New York
23. Mazzei de Davila C., Davila D., Donis J., et al. Sympathetic nervous system activation, antivenom administration and cardiovascular manifestations of scorpion envenomation. Toxicon. 40:(9):2002;1339-1346
24. Osnaya-Romero N., de Jesus Medina-Hernandez T., Flores-Hernandez S., et al. Clinical symptoms observed in children envenomated by scorpion stings, at the children's hospital from the State of Morelos, Mexico. Toxicon. 39:(6):2001;781-785
25. Lovecchio F., Welch S., Kimmons J., et al. Incidence of immediate and delayed hypersensitivity to Centruruoides antivenom. Ann Med. 34:(5):1999;615-619
26. Gueron M., Ilia R. Is antivenom the most successful therapy in scorpion victims? Toxicon. 37:1999;1655-1657
27. Banner W. Jr. A scorpion by any other name is still a scorpion. Ann Emerg Med. 34:(5):1999;669-670
28. Ghalim N., El-Hafny B., Sebti F., et al. Scorpion envenomation and serotherapy in Morocco. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 62:(2):2000;2777-2783
29. Borges A., Tsushima R., Backx P. Antibodies against Tityus discrepans venom do not abolish the effect of Tityus serrulatus venom on the rat sodium and potassium channels. Toxicon. 37:(6):1999;867-881
30. Banner W. A scorpion by any other name is still a scorpion. Ann Emerg Med. 34:1999;669-670
31. Gibly R., Williams M., Walter F., et al. Continuous intravenous midazolam infusion for Centruriodes exilicauda scorpion envenomation. Ann Emerg Med. 34:(5):1999;620-625
32. Mahadevan S. Scorpion sting. Indian Pediatr. 37:(5):2000;504-514
33. Mathur A., Verma G., Cehlot R., et al. Non-cardiac pulmonary oedema in scorpion bite. J Assoc Physicians India. 41:(6):1993;398
34. Bawaskar H., Bawaskar P. Scorpion sting: a review of 121 cases. J Wilderness Med. 2:1991;164-174
35. Bawaskar H., Bawaskar P. Scorpion sting: a review of 121 cases. J Wild Med. 2:1991;164-174
36. Bawaskar H., Bawaskar P. Scorpion sting. J Assoc Physicians India. 46:(4):1998;338-392
37. Kulkarni A. Prazosin therapy and scorpion envenomation. J Assoc Physicians India. 49:2001;1213
38. Bawaskar H., Bawaskar P. Indian red scorpion envenoming. Indian J Pediatr. 65:(3):1998;383-391
39. Souheil E., Nouirs S., Besbes-Ouanes L., et al. Dobutamine in severe scorpion envenomation: effects on standard hemodynamics, right ventricular performance and tissue oxygenation. Chest. 116:(3):1999;748-753
40. Murthy K., Hase N. Scorpion stings and role of insulin. J Assoc Physicians India. 42:(2):1994;172-173
41. Deshpande S., Alex A. On the management of scorpion stings. Heart. 83:(5):2000;582
42. Groshong T. Scorpion envenomation in eastern Saudi Arabia. Ann Emerg Med. 22:(9):1993;89-95
43. Monteiro C., Rubel R., Cogo L., et al. Isolation and identification of Clostridium perfringens in the venom and fangs of Loxosceles intermedia (brown spider): enhancement of the dermonecrotic lesion in loxoscelism. Toxicon. 40:(4):2002;409-418
44. Huntley A. Jumping to unfortunate conclusions: Phidippus audax, the most common cause of spider bites. Dermatol Online J. 3:(2):1997;5
45. Anonymous. The tarantula - poison spider or a case of mistaken identity? Adverse Drug React Toxicol Rev. 15:(4):1996;199-202
46. Haddad C. Symptoms of the bite of an orb-web spider Araneus apricus (Araneae: Araneidae). S Afr Med J. 92:(7):2002;528-529
47. Reifsnyder D. Spider bites. Hosp Pract. 29:(9):1994;15
48. Foradori M., Keil L., Wels R., et al. An examination of the potential role of spider digestive proteases as a causative factor in spider bite necrosis. Comparative Biochemisty & Physiology. 130:(2):2001;209-218
49. Sadler M., Force R., Solbrig R., et al. Suspected Tegenaria agrestis envenomation. Ann Pharmacother. 35:(11):2001;1490-1491
50. Vetter R., Roe A., Bennett R., et al. Distribution of the medically-implicated hobo spider (Arabeae: Agelenidae) and a benign congener, Tegenaria duellica, in the United States and Canada. J Med Entomol. 40:(2):2003;159-164
51. Gomez H., Krywko D., Stoecker W. A new assay for the detection of Loxosceles species (brown recluse) spider venom. Ann Emerg Med. 39:(5):2002;469-474
52. Barbaro K., Ferreira M., Cardoso D., et al. Identification and neutralization of biological activities in the venoms of Loxosceles spiders. Brazilian Journal of Med Bio Research. 29:(11):1996;1491-1497
53. Vetter R. Identifying and misidentifying the brown recluse spider. Dermatol Online J. 5:(2):1999;7
54. Vetter R., Barger D. An infestation of 2, 055 brown recluse spiders (Araneae: Sicariidae) and no envenomations in a Kansas home: implications for bite diagnoses in nonendemic areas. J Med Entomol. 396:2002;948-951
55. Anderson P. Missouri brown recluse spider: a review and update. Mo Med. 95:(7):1998;318-322
56. Phillips S., Kohn M., Baker D., et al. Therapy of brown spider envenomation: a controlled trial of hyperbaric oxygen, dapsone, and cyproheptadine. Ann Med. 25:(3):1995;363-368
57. Vetter R., Bush S. The diagnosis of brown recluse spider bite is overused for dermonecrotic wounds of uncertain etiology. Ann Emerg Med. 39:(5):2002;54-56
58. Gomez H., Krywko D., Stoecker W. A new essay for the detection of Loxosceles species (brown recluse) spider venom. An Emerg Med. 39:(5):2002;469-474
59. Guilherme P., Fernandes I., Barbaro K. Neutralization of dermonecrotic and lethal activities and differences among 32-35 kDa toxins of medically important Loxosceles spider venoms in Brazil revealed by monoclonal antibodies. Toxicon. 39:(9):2001;1333-1342
60. Elston D. What's eating you? Loxosceles recluse (brown recluse spider). Cutis. 69:(2):2002;91-92. 94-5
61. Vetter R. Envenomation by a spider, Agelenopis aperta previously considered harmless. Ann Emerg Med. 32:(6):1998;739-741
62. Browne G. Near fatal envenomation from the funnel-web spider in an infant. Pediatr Emerg Care. 13:(4):1997;271-273
63. Miller M., Whyte I., White J., et al. Clinical features and management of Hadronyche envenomation in man. Toxicon. 38:(3):2000;409-427
64. Nicholoson G., Graudins A. Spiders of medical importance in the Asia-Pacific: atracotoxin, latrotoxin and related spider neurotoxins. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 29:(9):2002;785-794
65. Bonnet M. The toxicology of the Latrodectus hasselti spider - the Australian red back spider. Br Homeopath J. 88:(1):1999;2-6
66. Gueron M., Ilia R., Margulis G. Arthropod poison and the cardiovascular system. Am J Med. 18:(6):2000;708-714
67. Allen R., Norris R. Delayed use of antivenin in black widow spider envenomation: a case report. J Wilderness Med. 2:1991;187-192
68. Clark R., Wethern-Kestner S., Vance M., et al. Clinical presentation and treatment of black widow spider envenomation: a review of 163 cases. Ann Emerg Med. 21:(7):1992;782-791
69. Isbister G., Churchill T., Hirst D., et al. Clinical effects of bites from formally identified spiders in tropical Northern Territory. Med J Aust. 174:(2):2001;79-82
70. Kelley T., Wasserman G. The dangers of pet tarantulas: experience of the Marseilles Poison Centre. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 36:(1-2):1998;55-56
71. Waggoner T., Nishimoto J., Eng J. Eye injury from tarantula. J Am Optom Assoc. 68:(3):1997;188-190
72. Belyea D., Truman D., Ward T., et al. The red eye revisited: ophthalmia nodosa due to tarantula hairs. South Med J. 91:(6):1998;565-567
73. Castro F., Antila M., Croce J. Occupational allergy caused by urticating hair of Brazilian spider. Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology. 95:(6):1995;1282-1285
74. Shrum K., Robertson D., Baratz K., et al. Keratitis and retinitis secondary to tarantula hair. Arch Ophth. 117:(8):1999;1096
75. Ost L., Stridh B., Wolf M. A clinical study of spider phobia: prediction of outcome after self-help and therapist-directed treatments. Behav Res Ther. 36:(1):1998;17-35
76. Merckelbach H., Muris P. The etiology of childhood spider phobia. Behav Res Ther. 35:(11):1997;1031-1034
77. Mineka S., Mystkowski J., Hladek D., et al. The effects of changing contexts on return of fear following exposure therapy for spider fear. J Consult Clin Psychol. 67:(4):1999;599-604