Sensing of weld pool surface using non-transferred plasma charge sensor

Measurement Science and Technology

Volumn 15, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 991-999

  Lu, W ^a   Zhang, Y M ^a   Emmerson, John ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

^b Magnatech Limited Partnership   (United States)

Author keywords

Arc; Control; Penetration; Plasma charge; Surface; Weld pool; Welding

Indexed keywords

ELECTRIC ARC WELDING; INFORMATION ANALYSIS; PLASMA WELDING; TUNGSTEN;

ENERGY DENSITY; GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING (GTAW); HEAT INPUT; PLASMA CHARGE SENSOR;

MEASUREMENT THEORY;

CONTROL METHOD; WELDING;

EID: 2542478867     PISSN: 09570233     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0957-0233/15/5/031     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. O'Brien R L 1991 Welding Handbook vol 2 (Miami, FL: American Welding Society) pp 330-49
2. Renwick R J and Richardson R W 1983 Experimental investigation of GTA weld pool oscillations Weld. J. 62 29s-35s
3. Sorensen C D and Eagar T W 1990 Measurement of oscillations in partially penetrated weld pools through spectral analysis Trans. ASME, J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control 112 463-8
4. Xiao Y H and den Ouden G 1993 Weld pool oscillation during GTA welding of mild steel Weld. J. 72 428s-434s
5. George M G and Ume I C 1997 Automated system for laser ultrasonic sensing of weld penetration Mechatronics 7 711-21
6. Carlson N M and Johnson J A 1988 Ultrasonic sensing of weld pool penetration Weld. J. 67 239s-246s
7. Martinez L F, Marques R E, Mcclure J C and Nunes J R 1993 Front side keyhole detection in aluminum alloys Weld. J. 72 49-51
8. Wikle H C, Kottilingam S, Zee R H and Chin B A 2001 Infrared sensing techniques for penetration depth control of the submerged arc welding process J. Mater. Process. Technol. 113 228-33
9. Zhang Y M and Kovacevic R 1997 Real-time sensing of sag geometry during GTA welding Trans. ASME, J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 119 151-60
10. Zhang Y M, Wu L, Walcott B L and Chen D H 1993 Determining joint penetration in GTAW with vision sensing of weld-face geometry Weld. J. 72 463s-469s
11. Kovacevic R and Zhang Y M 1997 Real time image processing for monitoring of free weld pool surface Trans. ASME, J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 119 161-9
12. Zhang Y M, Kovacevic R and Wu L 1993 Closed-loop control of weld penetration using front-face vision sensing Proc. Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I, J. Syst. Control Eng. 207 27-34
13. Li P J and Zhang Y M 2001 Robust sensing of arc length IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 50 697-704
14. Li P J and Zhang Y M 2001 Precision sensing of arc length in GTAW based on arc light spectrum Trans. ASME, J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 123 62-5
15. Zhang Y M, Zhang S B and Liu Y C 2001 Plasma cloud charge sensor for pulse keyhole process control Meas. Sci. Technol. 12 1365-70
16. Zhang S B and Zhang Y M 2001 Efflux plasma charge based sensing and control of joint penetration during keyhole plasma are welding Weld. J. 80 157s-162s
17. Saeed G and Zhang Y M 2003 Mathematical formulation and simulation of specular reflection based measurement system for gas tungsten arc weld pool surface Meas. Sci. Technol. 14 1671-82
18. Saeed G, Lou M J and Zhang Y M 2004 Computation of 3D weld pool surface from the slope field and point tracking of laser beams Meas. Sci. Technol. 15 389-403
19. Dowden J, Kapadia P and Fenn B 1993 Space charge in plasma arc welding and cutting J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 26 1215-23
20. Li L, Brookfield D J and Steen W M 1996 Plasma sensor for in-process, non-contact monitoring of the laser welding process Meas. Sci. Technol. 7 615-26
21. Zhang Y M, Li P J and Zhang S B 2002 Apparatus, system, and related method for sensing a characteristic of a workpiece in an automated process US Patent No 6437281
22. Dendy R 1993 Plasma Physics: An Introduction Course (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
23. Auciello O and Flamm D L 1989 Plasma Diagnostics vol 2 Surface Analysis and Interactions (Washington, DC: Academic)
24. Cambel B 1963 Plasma Physics and Magnetofluid-Mechanism (New York: McGraw-Hill)
25. Lu W, Zhang Y M and Lin W-Y 2004 Nonlinear interval model control of quasi-keyhole arc welding process Automatica 40 805-13
26. Zhang Y M and Liu Y C 2003 Modeling and control of quasi-keyhole arc welding process Control Eng. Pract. 11 1401-11