The evolving matrix of environmental federalism and intergovernmental relationships

Publius: The Journal of Federalism

Volumn 35, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 69-86

  Scheberle, Denise ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN GREEN BAY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 25144522316     PISSN: 00485950     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/publius/pji004     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. See, for example, Morton Grodzins, The American System, ed. Daniel J. Elazar (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1966);
2. Daniel J. Elazar, American Federalism: A View from the States, 3rd ed. (New York: Harper and Row, 1984).
3. Elazar, American Federalism, p. 3.
4. Robert Agranoff, "Managing within the Matrix: Do Collaborative Intergovernmental Relations Exist?" Publius: The Journal of Federalism 31 (Spring 2001): 31-56.
5. Ibid., 37 and 54.
6. Leon G. Billings, "The Founder: Why Edmund Muskie Mattered," The Environmental Forum 13 (May/June 1996); 23-27.
7. Patricia Crotty, "The New Federalism Game: Primacy Implementation of Environmental Policy," Publius: The Journal of Federalism 17 (1987): 53-67.
8. See Joseph F. Zimmerman, "National-State Relations: Cooperative Federalism in the Twentieth Century," Publius: The Journal of Federalism 31 (Spring 2001): 15-30.
9. Environmental Council of the States (ECOS), "States Protect the Environment" (Washington, DC: ECOS, April 2000), 21 July 2002; http://www.ecos.org/.
10. Joseph F. Zimmerman, "National-State Relations," 24-25.
11. John Kincaid, "From Cooperative to Coercive Federalism," The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 509 (May 1990): 139-152.
12. R. Stephen Brown, "States Put Their Money Where Their Environment Is," (Washington DC: Environmental Council of the States, 2002), 21 July 2002; http://www.sso.org/ecos/publications.htm.
13. See National Association of Counties, The. Burden of Unfunded Mandates: A Survey of the Impact of Unfunded Mandates on America's Counties, United States Conference of Mayors Impact of Unfunded Federal Mandates on U.S. Cities; A 314-City Survey, 26 October 1993 (Washington, DC: U.S. Conference of Mayors, 1993);
14. Paul L. Posner, The Politics of Unfunded Mandates: Whither Federalism? (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1998).
15. Congressional Research Service, "Environmental Protection and the Unfunded Mandates Debate," CRS Report 94-739 ENR (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 22 September 1994), 5 August 2003; www.ncseonline.org/NLE/CRSreports/legislative/leg-4.cfm?CFID=9395744CFTOKEN= 79637818.
16. John Novinson, "Unfunded Mandates: A Closed Chapter?" Public Management 77 (July 1995): 16-20.
17. Eugene Bardach and Robert A. Kagan argue that regulators should adopt a more accommodating regulatory posture in Going by the Book: The Problem of Regulatory Unreasonableness (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1982).
18. Also see Moving the Earth: Cooperative Federalism and Implementation of the Surface Mining Act, ed. Uday Desai (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1993) for a discussion of acrimonious federal-state relations.
19. Jonathan H. Adler, "A New Environmental Federalism," Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy 13 (Winter 1998): 55-61;
20. Michael E. Kraft and Denise Scheberle, "Environmental Federalism at Decade's End: New Approaches and Strategies," Publius: The Journal of Federalism 28 (Winter 1998): 131-146;
21. Barry G. Rabe, "Permitting, Prevention and Integration: Lessons from the States," Environmental Governance: A Report on the Next Generation of Environmental Policy, ed. Donald F. Kettl (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 2002), pp. 14-57.
22. See Environmental Governance, ed. Kettl; Rosemary O'Leary, Robert F. Durant, Daniel J. Fiorino, and Paul S. Weiland, Managing for the Environment: Understanding the Legal, Organizational, and Policy Challenges (San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1999);
23. Eugene Bardach, Getting Agencies to Work Together: The Practice and Theory of Managerial Craftsmanship (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1998).
24. Beryl A. Radin, "Searching for Government Performance: The Government Performance and Results Act," PS: Political Science and Politics 31 (September 1998): 553.
25. Environmental Council of the States, ECOS Mission and Vision, 31 July 2003; http://www.sso. org/ecos/about/mission.htm;
26. National Performance Review, From Red Tape to Results: Creating a Government That Works Better and Costs Less (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1993).
27. President Clinton, Vice President Gore, Reinventing Environmental Regulation, Report released on 16 March 1995.
28. U.S. Government Accountability Office, EPA and the States: Environmental Challenges Require a Better Working Relationship (Washington, DC: U.S. General Accounting Office, April 1995), GAO/RCED-95-64.
29. Ibid., 3.
30. National Academy of Public Administration, Setting Priorities, Getting Results: A New Direction for the Environmental Protection Agency, Report to Congress (Washington, DC: National Academy of Public Administration, April 1995), p. 2.
31. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, State/EPA Capacity Steering Committee, Joint Commitment to Reform Oversight and Create a National Environmental Performance Partnership System (Agreement signed 17 May 1995).
32. Agranoff, "Managing within the Matrix," 52, drawing upon the work of Thomas W. Church and Robert T. Nakamura, Cleaning Up the Mess: Implementation Strategies in the Superfund (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1993), p. 147.
33. Denise Scheberle, Federalism and Environmental Policy: Trust and the Politics of Implementation (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1997), p. 187.
34. League of Conservation Voters, "Bush Receives 'F' For Environmental Issues on LCV 2003 Presidential Report Card," Press Release (24 June 2003).
35. Environmental Law Institute, "The Environmental Federalism Debate Heats Up," Environmental Forum 20 (November/December 2003): 51.
36. Eliza Barclay, "States Sue over EPA's Air Rules," United Press International, 12 April 2004 (accessed through Lexis-Nexis on 20 December 2004).
37. Michael Kirkland, "Court Upholds EPA Authority," United Press International, 21 January 2004.
38. Joe Truini, "Breaking New Ground; Three States Sue the EPA for Failing to Regulate Carbon Dioxide," Waste News, 23 June 2003, p. 11.
39. Darren Samuelsohn, "State AGs Threaten Bush Administration with New Suit over CO2," Greenwire, 21 February 2003.
40. Robert E. Fabricant, General Counsel, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, memorandum dated 28 August 2003.
41. Federal Register, vol. 68, no. 173, 8 September 2003, 52922.
42. Bob Egelko, "States to Sue EPA over Refusal to Restrict Tailpipe Greenhouse Gases; Bush Expressed Doubts on Link between Emissions, Global Warming," San Francisco Chronicle, 4 October 2003, p. A5.
43. California to Sue EPA over Refusal to Regulate Greenhouse Gases," Greenwire, 6 October 2003.
44. The Clear Skies bill was reintroduced in the 109th Congress, but stalled when the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee failed to approve the reform measure on 9 March 2005.
45. Darren Samuelsohn, "Court Blocks Implementation of Bush NSR Reforms," Greenwire, 26 December 2003.
46. U.S. General Accounting Office, Clean Air Act: Key Stakeholders' Views on Revisions to the New Source Review Program (Washington, DC: U.S. General Accounting Office, February 2004) p. 15, GAO-04-274.
47. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of the Inspector General, press statement, 30 September 2004.
48. Darren Samuelsohn, "Court Schedule Indicates NSR Rules' Fate Rests on Next Presidential Administration," Greenwire, 26 February 2004; http://www.eenews.net/sr_nsr.htm (accessed on 3 March 2004).
49. Barclay, "States Sue."
50. I b i d.
51. Michael Gormley, "3 States to Sue West Virginia over Coal Plants," Associated Press Online, 20 May 2004.
52. Juliet Eilperin, "Four States to Sue Power Plants; EPA Stopped Investigating Alleged Violations of the Clean Air Act," The Washington Post, 21 May 2004, p. A7.
53. Allison A. Freeman, "Maine Passes Law to Curb GHG Emissions," Greenwire, 30 June 2003; www.eenews.net/Greenwire/searcharchive (accessed on 15 February 2004).
54. Barry Rabe, Statehouse and Greenhouse: The Emerging Politics of American Climate Change Policy (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 2004).
55. Ibid., 4 and 22.
56. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Joint Commitment to Reform Oversight and Create a National Environmental Performance Partnership System, 30 July 2003; http://www.epa.gov/ocir/nepps/ovrsight.htm.
57. Environmental Law Institute, An Independent Review of the State-Federal Environmental Partnership Agreements for 1996 (Washington, DC: Environmental Law Institute, 1996), p. 11, ELI Project 941717.
58. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Joint Commitment to Reform Oversight.
59. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Performance Partnerships: Summary of Participating States and Territories," 23 June 2003; www.epa.ocir/nepps/pdf/trend_01.pdf (accessed on 31 July 2003) and personal communication for 2004 data.
60. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Performance Partnership Agreements and Performance Partnership Grants: Environmental and Public Health Agencies Status and Trends," 23 June 2003; www.epa.gov/ocir/nepps/ trends_status.htm (accessed on 31 July 2003).
61. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Congressional and Intergovernmental Relations, Performance Partnerships: FY 2004 (unpublished, undated document).
62. U.S. General Accounting Office, Environmental Protection: EPA's and States' Efforts to "Reinvent" Environmental Regulation (Washington, DC: U.S. General Accounting Office, November 1997), GAO/T-RCED-98-33;
63. U.S. General Accounting Office, Environmental Protection: Collaborative EPA-State Effort Needed to Improve New Performance Partnership System (Washington, DC: U.S. General Accounting Office, GAO/RCED-99-171, June 1999).
64. Jeanne Herb, Jennifer Sullivan, Mark Stoughton, and Allen White, The National Environmental Performance Partnership System: Making good on Its Promise? Learning from Innovations in Environmental Protection, Research Paper Number 12 (Washington, DC: National Academy of Public Administration, June 2000);
65. Leroy Paddock and Suellen Keiner, Mixing Management Metaphors: The Complexities of Introducing a Performance-Based Partnership State/EPA Partnership System into an Activity-Based Management Culture, Learning from Innovations in Environmental Protection, Research Paper Number 11 (Washington, DC: National Academy of Public Administration, June 2000).
66. S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA Strategic Plan EPA/190-R-97-002 (Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, September 1997): 12.
67. Herb et al., National Environmental Performance Partnership System, p. 14.
68. National Academy of Public Administration, Environment.gov: Transforming Environmental Protection for the 21st Century (Washington, DC: National Academy of Public Administration, November 2000), p. 141.
69. Ibid., 227.
70. Personal interview with EPA NEPPS coordinator, 23 April 2003.
71. Personal e-mail correspondence with an EPA Regional NEPPS coordinator, 20 February 2003.
72. National Academy of Public Administration, Environment.gov, p. 230.
73. Also see Herb et al., National Environmental Performance Partnership System.
74. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of the Chief Financial Officer, Implementing Improvements to Our Planning Processes: Developing National Program Guidance for FY 2005, 4 April 2005; www.epa.gov/ocfo/ regionplans/fy2005guidancecovermemo.pdf, p. 4.
75. David Degennaro, "States Claiming More Power for Themselves," United Press International, 15 November 2004.
76. Jay Austin and Scott Schang, "Fundamentalist Federalism," Environmtntal Forum 21 (September/ October 2004): 36.