The theory of planned behavior, descriptive norms, and the moderating role of group identification

Journal of Applied Social Psychology

Volumn 35, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 1008-1029

  Norman, Paul ^a   Clark, Tom ^a   Walker, Gary ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 25144518739     PISSN: 00219029     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2005.tb02157.x     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. Aguinis, H., & Stone-Romero, E. F. (1997). Methodological artifacts in moderated multiple regression and the effects on statistical power. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 192-206.
2. Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
3. Ajzen, I. (1988). Attitudes, personality, and behaviour. Milton Keynes, UK: Open University Press.
4. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211.
5. Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
6. Armitage, C., & Conner, M. (2001). Meta-analysis of the theory of planned behaviour. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 471-499.
7. Armstrong, G. (1998). Football hooligans: Knowing the score. Oxford, UK: Berg.
8. Åstrøm, A. N., & Rise, J. (2001). Young adults' intention to eat healthy food: Extending the theory of planned behavior. Psychology and Health, 16, 223-237.
9. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
10. Bredemeir, B. L. (1985). Moral reasoning and their assertive, aggressive, and submissive tendencies in sport and daily life. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16, 1-14.
11. Charng, H. W., Piliavin, J. A., & Callero, P. L. (1988). Role identity and reasoned action in the prediction of repeated behavior. Social Psychology Quarterly, 57, 303-317.
12. Chassin, L., Presson, C. C., Sherman, S. J., Corty, E., & Olshavsky, R. W. (1984). Predicting onset of cigarette smoking in adolescents: A longitudinal study. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 14, 224-243.
13. Cialdini, R. B., Reno, R. R., & Kallgren, C. A. (1990). A focus theory of normative conduct: Recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 1015-1026.
14. Conner, M., Martin, E., Silverdale, N., & Grogan, S. (1996). Dieting in adolescence: An application of the theory of planned behaviour. British Journal of Health Psychology, 1, 315-325.
15. Conner, M., & McMillan, B. (1999). Interaction effects in the theory of planned behaviour: Studying cannabis use. British Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 195-222.
16. Conner, M., & Sparks, P. (1996). The theory of planned behaviour and health behaviours. In M. Conner & P. Norman (Eds.), Predicting health behaviour: Research and practice with social cognition models (pp. 121-162). Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
17. De Vries, H., Backbier, E., Kok, G, & Dijkstra, M. (1995). The impact of social influences in the context of attitude, self-efficacy, intention, and previous behavior as predictors of smoking onset. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 25, 237-257.
18. Duda, J., Olson, L., & Templin, T. (1991). The relationship of task and ego orientation to sportsmanship attitudes and the perceived legitimacy of injurious acts. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 62, 79-87.
19. Dunning, E., Murphy, P., & Williams, J. (1988). Soccer crowd disorder and the press: Processes of amplification and de-amplification in historical perspective. Theory, Culture, and Society, 5, 645-673.
20. Farley, J. U., Lehmann, D. R., & Ryan, M. J. (1981). Generalizing from "imperfect" replication. Journal of Business, 54, 597-610.
21. Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
22. Godin, G., & Kok, G. (1996). The theory of planned behavior: A review of its applications to health-related behaviors. American Journal of Health Promotion, 11, 87-97.
23. Granberg, D., & Holmberg, S. (1990). The intention-behavior relationship among U.S. and Swedish voters. Social Psychology Quarterly, 53, 44-54.
24. Grube, J. W., Morgan, M., & McGree, S. T. (1986). Attitudes and normative beliefs as predictors of smoking intentions and behaviours: A test of three models. British Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 81-93.
25. Hausenblas, H. A., Carron, A. V., & Mach, D. E. (1997). Application of the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior to exercise behavior: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 19, 35-51.
26. Hogg, M. A., & Abrams, D. (1988). Social identification: A social psychology of intergroup relations and group processes. London, UK: Routledge.
27. Johnston, K. L., & White, K. M. (2003). Binge-drinking: A test of the role of group norms in the theory of planned behavior. Psychology and Health, 18, 63-77.
28. Kohlberg, L. (1984). Essays on moral development. Vol. 2: The psychology of moral development. San Francisco, CA: Harper & Row.
29. Murphy, P., Williams, J., & Dunning, E. (1990). Football on trial: Spectator violence and development in the football world. London, UK: Routledge.
30. Nicholls, J. G. (1989). The competitive ethos and democratic education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
31. Rivis, A., & Sheeran, P. (2003a). Social influences and the theory of planned behavior: Evidence for a direct relationship between prototypes and young people's exercise behavior. Psychology and Health, 18, 567-583.
32. Rivis, A., & Sheeran, P. (2003b). Descriptive norms as an additional predictor in the theory of planned behavior: A meta-analysis. Current Psychology: Research and Reviews, 22, 218-233.
33. Sheeran, P., & Orbell, S. (1999). Augmenting the theory of planned behavior: Roles for anticipated regret and descriptive norms. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29, 2107-2142.
34. Sheeran, P., & Taylor, S. (1999). Predicting intentions to use condoms: A metaanalysis and comparison of the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29, 1624-1675.
35. Sparks, P., & Shepherd, R. (1992). Self-identity and the theory of planned behavior: Assessing the role of identification with "green consumerism." Social Psychology Quarterly, 55, 388-399.
36. Stephens, D. E., & Bredemeir, B. L. (1996). Moral atmosphere and judgments about aggression in girls' soccer: Relationship among moral and motivational variables. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 18, 158-173.
37. Sutton, S. (1998). Predicting and explaining intentions and behavior: How well are we doing? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28, 1317-1338.
38. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-47). Monterey, CA: Brooks-Cole.
39. Taylor, I. (1982). On the sports violence question: Soccer hooliganism revisited. In J. Hargreaves (Ed.), Sport, culture and ideology (pp. 152-196). London, UK: Routledge.
40. Terry, D., & Hogg, M. (1996). Group norms and the attitude-behavior relationship: A role for group identification. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 776-793.
41. Terry, D., Hogg, M., & White, K. (1999). The theory of planned behaviour: Self-identity, social identity, and group norms. British Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 225-244.
42. Theodorakis, Y. (1994). Planned behavior, attitude strength, role identity, and the prediction of exercise behavior. The Sport Psychologist, 8, 149-165.
43. 2 as applied to theory of reasoned action research. British Journal of Social Psychology, 43, 515-530.
44. Trafimow, D., & Finlay, K. (1996). The importance of subjective norms for a minority of people. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 820-828.
45. Turner, J. C. (1985). Social categorization and the self-concept: A social cognitive theory of group behavior. In E. J. Lawler (Ed.) Advances in group processes: Theory and research (Vol. 2, pp. 77-122). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
46. Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
47. White, K. M., Terry, D. J., & Hogg, M. A. (1994). Safer safe sex: The roles of attitudes, norms, and control factors. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24, 2164-2192.